从废弃荧光粉中浸出稀土及其动力学分析

废弃荧光粉含有大量稀土,是主要的二次资源。研究了用盐酸从废弃荧光粉中浸出稀土,考察了盐酸浓度、液固体积质量比、反应时间及温度对稀土浸出率的影响,分析了浸出过程动力学。试验结果表明:在室温、盐酸浓度为4mol/L、浸出时间为6h、液固体积质量比为5∶1条件下,稀土浸出率可达92.71%;稀土浸出过程受扩散控制,符合未反应核收缩模型,反应活化能为25.22kJ/mol。     

用盐酸从锌烟尘中浸出铅锌试验研究

研究了用盐酸从炼铅厂烟化段产出的锌烟尘中浸出分离铅和锌,考察了液固体积质量比、盐酸浓度、浸出温度和浸出时间对铅、锌浸出率的影响,确定了最佳浸出参数。试验结果表明:在浸出温度80℃、液固体积质量比8∶1、盐酸浓度6mol/L最佳条件下,铅和锌的浸出率均大于90%。     

盐酸浸出赤泥中铝的试验研究

研究了用盐酸从赤泥中浸出铝。通过正交试验、极差分析和方差分析,确定了各因素对Al2O3浸出率的影响及浸出最佳条件。结果表明:各因素对Al2O3浸出率的显著性影响顺序为盐酸浓度温度液固体积质量比浸出时间;最佳浸出条件为:温度107℃,浸出时间90min,液固体积质量比5∶1,盐酸浓度7mol/L;最佳条件下,Al2O3浸出率为72.07%;浸出反应符合液体与多孔固体间的反应模型。确定了Al2O3浸出率与浸出时间的最佳拟合方程。     

从催化剂污泥中提取稀土试验研究

研究了用盐酸从催化废水治理产生的污泥中浸出稀土、铝、铁、硅,考察了浸出剂酸度、固液质量体积比、温度、浸出时间等对浸出率的影响。结果表明:在浸出剂盐酸浓度2.0mol/L、固液质量体积比1∶9、浸出时间0.5h条件下,稀土浸出率为96%,实现了稀土与铁、铝的初步分离;然后采用草酸盐沉淀法制得纯度为99%的草酸稀土。     

从赤泥中提取钛的试验研究

采用浓硫酸分解法从赤泥盐酸浸出渣中提取钛,考察了酸解温度、酸解时间、浸出时间和水浸液固体积质量比对钛浸出率的影响,得到最佳浸出条件为:酸渣质量比1.4∶1,酸解温度300℃,酸解时间2.0h,浸出时间1.0～1.5h,水浸液固体积质量比10∶1。最佳条件下,钛浸出率达97%,浸出液中钛质量浓度为29.9g/L。     

用盐酸从玻璃粉中浸出氧化铈试验研究

某玻璃粉废料中含有稀土元素,其中氧化铈质量分数为2.17g/t。研究了采用酸浸—沉淀工艺从玻璃粉中回收氧化铈,考察了盐酸用量、液固体积质量比、浸出温度、浸出时间等因素对氧化铈浸出率的影响。结果表明:在盐酸用量150g/L、液固体积质量比6∶1、浸出温度80℃、浸出时间3h条件下,铈浸出率为92.64%。此方法可用于从固体废弃物中回收稀土。     

从某稀土尾矿中回收稀土试验研究

研究了采用浸出—净化—沉淀工艺从某离子吸附型稀土尾矿中回收稀土,考察了硫酸质量浓度、浸出时间、浸出温度、液固体积质量比等因素对稀土浸出率的影响。结果表明:在浸出时间3h、硫酸质量浓度150g/L、浸出温度80℃、液固体积质量比3∶1条件下,稀土浸出率达96.44%。该方法对于从同类矿石中回收稀土有一定参考意义。     

从风化壳淋积型稀土矿除杂渣中酸浸稀土和铝

研究了用盐酸从风化壳淋积型稀土矿除杂渣中浸出稀土和铝,考察了盐酸浓度、温度、液固体积质量比和浸出时间对稀土、铝及杂质离子浸出率的影响。结果表明:在盐酸浓度1 mol/L、液固体积质量比10/1、温度40℃条件下浸出30 min,镧、钇、铝浸出率分别为85%、66%和48%,杂质离子铁、钾、镁浸出率均较低;酸浸液用100 g/L碳酸氢铵溶液调pH分步沉淀铝和稀土,铝和稀土最终回收率分别为46%和75%。采用该工艺可实现二次资源综合回收,有较好经济效益。     

氢氧化钠焙烧法提取稀土电解渣中稀土的工艺研究

针对目前从氟盐体系稀土熔盐电解渣中回收稀土效率低的问题,提出了一种NaOH焙烧-盐酸优溶浸出法。系统考察了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、NaOH添加量,以及盐酸浓度、液固比、浸出温度、浸出时间对渣中稀土提取效果的影响。结果表明:在焙烧温度600℃、焙烧时间1.5h、NaOH与稀土熔盐电解渣质量比0.8∶1、盐酸浓度2mol/L、液固比8∶1、浸出温度40℃、浸出时间15min的工艺条件下,稀土浸出率为99.22%。     

用盐酸从加碱焙烧粉煤灰中浸出钛

研究了采用加碱焙烧—盐酸浸出法从粉煤灰中浸出钛,考察了盐酸浓度、浸出温度、浸出时间、搅拌速度和液固体积质量比对钛浸出率的影响。试验结果表明:将粉煤灰与氢氧化钠按质量比1∶1混匀,在微波功率800 W下焙烧5min后再进行浸出,钛浸出效果更好;在盐酸浓度11.64mol/L、浸出温度88℃、浸出时间8h、搅拌速度1 200r/min、液固体积质量比9∶1条件下,钛浸出率为85.77%。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.