钢板-混凝土组合桥面板疲劳性能试验研究

为研究钢板-混凝土组合桥面板在疲劳荷载下的受力性能,该文完成了10块钢板-混凝土组合桥面板试件的等幅疲劳试验研究。试验主要考察栓钉布置、开孔钢板连接件数量及疲劳荷载幅值等3个因素对组合桥板的疲劳破坏模式及疲劳损伤程度的影响。试验过程中对组合桥面板各个主要时刻的动挠度、混凝土应变、底部钢板应变、残余挠度及剩余承载力进行测...     

空间刚架结构钢-混结合段疲劳性能试验研究

为了解空间刚架结构钢-混结合段的疲劳性能,按照几何、物理及边界相似准则设计了1∶2的大比例试验模型,进行了设计寿命期内疲劳加载,测试了疲劳加载过程中钢-混结合段结构主要构件以及焊缝、剪力键的应力及变形情况。试验结果显示:空间刚架结构钢-混结合段在疲劳荷载作用过程中的应力水平较低,应力分布基本无变化,钢与混凝土相对滑移量很小;疲劳荷载作用后钢结构、混凝土结构无表观裂纹,超声波探伤结果表明疲劳荷载作用后钢结构焊缝无超标缺陷;结合段顶部钢与混凝土之间的界面粘结被破坏,但由于剪力键的作用,钢与混凝土的最大相对滑移量为0.036mm;该空间刚架结构钢-混结合段具有良好的疲劳性能。最后从疲劳性能的角度对钢-混结合段的合理构造设计进行了讨论。     

徐变对水泥路面板湿度翘曲及应力影响研究

水泥混凝土路面板的温湿度翘曲和交通荷载的耦合作用是其发生疲劳破坏的主要原因之一。湿度梯度及湿度翘曲在路面板中的存在时间较为持续长久,不可避免地会受到混凝土徐变的影响。该文进行了干燥和密闭状态下水泥混凝土梁的弯曲徐变试验,提出弯曲徐变度和徐变系数的计算方法,并将上述徐变参数植入有限元程序中模拟分析徐变对结合式和分离式混凝土路面板翘曲变形和应力发展影响。结果表明:干燥状态下的弯曲徐变是密闭状态下徐变的1.67倍;徐变能够降低翘曲变形、翘曲应力及与荷载耦合情况下的总应力;徐变对结合式路面板的翘曲变形和应力发展影响较大,徐变降低了36%的湿度翘曲变形和45%的翘曲应力;在板角交通荷载的耦合作用下,徐变可使结合式路面板的总应力降低34%。因此徐变是合理分析混凝土路面板的翘曲变形和应力发展不可忽略的因素。     

带栓钉波形钢板混凝土组合构件粘结滑移性能与承载力试验研究

通过11个带栓钉的波形钢板混凝土组合构件在单调荷载下的推出试验和1个自然粘结构件的对比试验,研究带栓钉波形钢板混凝土组合构件的破坏形态、裂缝模式、荷载-滑移特性、波形钢板应变分布和承载力等。结果表明:带栓钉波形钢板混凝土组合试件的破坏形态以混凝土劈裂为主。试件的荷载-滑移曲线由上升阶段、下降阶段、残余阶段三个部分组成。由于混凝土和栓钉的组合作用,波形钢板自由端存在受拉区,产生过零点现象。带栓钉波形钢板混凝土组合试件的抗剪承载力随栓钉直径、数量的增长呈线性增长,而在一定条件下,栓钉长度、钢板厚度对抗剪承载力影响不大,另外在200 mm范围内适当增大栓钉间距对抗剪承载力也有提高。基于试验结果和力的扩散原则,分别提出了考虑栓钉影响的波形钢板混凝土界面粘结滑移本构模型以及带栓钉的波形钢板混凝土推出试件的承载力计算公式,所提模型与试验结果吻合良好,承载力公式计算结果与试验结果总体相符且偏于安全。     

湖北某重型厂房刚架设计方案分析

针对湖北某重型厂房超宽问题,以结构承载力极限状态为设计目标,考虑恒荷载、活荷载、风荷载、温度荷载,按荷载效应的基本组合,采用软件计算了柱的柱脚弯矩、轴力、温度应力、位移.从柱截面、用钢量、基础大小、构造措施方面,对比了设单排柱、设双排柱、单排柱上设滑动支座3种结构方案.结果表明,单排柱上设滑动支座方案具有节省用钢量、基础面积小的优点,且在技术性上能避免基础碰撞问题,后期工艺变动的设计处理比较方便.分析认为,单排柱上设滑动支座是最合理的技术方案.     

某中承式钢管混凝土桁式拱肋节点疲劳开裂分析

为了分析某中承式钢管混凝土桁式拱肋节点疲劳开裂的原因,运用有限元软件MIDAS/CIVIL建立全桥模型进行有限元分析。分别研究了不同车辆荷载和不同拱肋节点几何参数情况下拱肋节点应力幅的变化,进而分析了车辆超载和车辆中、偏载布置对拱肋节点应力幅的影响,并讨论了拱肋节点几何参数变化对拱肋节点应力幅的影响。研究表明,当车辆荷载超载30%、50%、100%和150%时拱肋节点应力幅基本呈线性增大,应力幅最大值达155 MPa。BS5400疲劳车辆荷载作用下拱肋节点应力幅最大,中国550 k N车辆荷载偏载作用下拱肋节点应力幅为中载1.2倍。超载和偏载分别是造成该钢管混凝土桁式拱桥拱肋节点出现疲劳开裂和疲劳裂缝分布不对称的主要原因。节点应力幅随弦杆和腹杆间壁厚比的增大而减小,而随弦杆和腹杆间管径比、弦杆径厚比和腹杆径厚比的增大表现为先增大后减小的趋势。     

斜拉桥桥塔钢-混凝土结合段传力机理试验研究

绵阳城南新区一号桥斜拉桥采用钢-混凝土组合索塔,上钢塔与下混凝土塔之间的内力传递主要是通过承压板、PBL剪力键实现。介绍了钢-混凝土组合索塔在斜拉桥中的应用,分析主塔钢混结合段的受力及构造特点的基础上,采用1∶3缩尺比例,按照几何条件、物理条件以及边界条件相似原则对结合段进行了模型试验。考虑承载能力极限状态荷载组合对试验模型进行加载,测试了试验模型的控制断面和控制构件的应力、变形随加载历程的变化形态,得到了结合段的应力状态、钢与混凝土的相对滑移等性能参数;将模型试验与有限元分析相结合,分析了结合段的传力机理及传力性能,得到结合段PBL剪力键及承压板荷载分配关系。     

考虑抗滑移刚度的钢管混凝土柱的荷载传递

提出了钢管混凝土抗滑移刚度的概念,给出了均布荷载和集中荷载作用下钢管混凝土柱的轴力、界面剪应力、界面相对滑移等的解析解,发现在考虑滑移的情况下,钢管混凝土柱的轴压刚度保持不变。对国内进行的39个方钢管混凝土、29个圆钢管混凝土试件的粘结滑移试验进行分析,根据试验数据汇总得出钢管混凝土界面抗滑移刚度的数值。利用ANSYS软件建立钢管混凝土柱模型,分析了顶板厚度对混凝土应力分布和柱轴压刚度的影响,分析结果表明,顶板在增强钢管和核心混凝土共同工作上有着重要作用。     

碳纤维布加固混凝土结构疲劳特性试验研究

首次提出了界面剪切疲劳试验的新方法,借此研究了疲劳荷载作用下的碳纤维与混凝土粘结界面间的抗疲劳性能。并基于弹性理论,得出剪切变形条件下与弯曲变形条件下的碳纤维与混凝土界面间粘结剪应力的计算公式是相同的结论。因此用界面剪切疲劳试验代替弯曲疲劳试验去考察碳纤维与混凝土界面间粘结强度的疲劳性具有更高的精度和效率。同时试验结果表明:在应力比R=0.2条件下,碳纤维布与混凝土界面间的极限粘结疲劳强度约是其静粘结强度的64%,可见在疲劳荷载的作用下,碳纤维布与混凝土界面间的粘结强度将下降,因此在碳纤维加固的混凝土梁的设计中,应重视疲劳荷载导致的界面粘结强度降低的问题,并且设计时应对粘结剪切强度赋予一定的安全系数。     

螺栓杆应力集中系数的研究

螺栓球节点栓杆上的应力集中是导致栓杆发生疲劳破坏的主要原因。该文通过理论推导及数值分析的方法研究了螺栓杆的应力集中系数。在忽略螺纹升角的情况下,根据变形协调条件研究了螺栓杆的轴力梯度变化,采用数值计算确定常用螺栓球的螺纹位移系数及螺纹力计算公式。采用局部建模,通过迭代计算的方法确定螺栓杆应力集中系数。与完整模型的计算结果比较表明该方法的计算结果具有较高的精度,且计算效率高。     

吊车转盘连接螺栓断裂分析

吊车转盘后部的连接螺栓发生断裂,通过化学成分分析、宏观和微观检验等方法对断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明：螺栓为疲劳断裂,螺纹根部的细小裂纹是导致螺栓发生疲劳断裂的主要原因;螺栓松动后受到弯曲载荷是引起螺栓发生疲劳断裂的诱因。     

Fatigue in engine connecting rod bolt due to forming laps

An analysis was performed to asses the failure root cause of an automotive diesel engine which experienced collapse only 6 month after revision. The connecting rod bolts torque disassembly was monitored and fractured parts were selected to laboratory fracture analysis. It was verified with fatigue rupture of one of the fourth connecting rod bolt. Tensile tests were performed in four of the remaining connecting rod bolts. During this procedure, it was verified another bolt with fatigue crack propagation an indication that the first fatigued bolt did not have suffer torque relaxation. A finite element analysis was performed in connection with an analytical fracture mechanics approach aiming to evaluate the relation between tightening force and fatigue crack propagation in connecting rod bolts. The engine collapse occurred due to forming laps in the grooves of the bolt shank. Finally, some design improvements were suggested for avoid future failures: a gap in the groove length at the connecting rod cap interface, enough to avoid combination of forming laps and higher stress amplitude; increase of the bolt torque assembly to reduce stress amplitude.     

Fatigue behaviour of the bond interface between carbon fibre‐reinforced polymer sheets and concrete

Externally bonded carbon fibre‐reinforced polymers (CFRPs) have been applied to retrofit and strengthen civil structures. In this study, four‐point bending beams were manufactured and tested to examine the fatigue behaviour of the CFRP–concrete interface. The results indicated that the specimens exhibited debonding failure in the concrete beneath the adhesive layer under static loading. However, when cyclic loads were imposed on the small beams, debonding failure may occur in the adhesive layer. Moreover, fitting expressions were proposed to predict the shear stress–slip relationship between the CFRP sheets and concrete and the flexural strength of the CFRP‐strengthened beams under static loads, and good agreement with the test data was obtained. Finally, a fatigue life prediction model was also presented to capture the fatigue life of the CFRP–concrete interface under cyclic loads. The calculation results showed that the fatigue strength of the CFRP–concrete bond interface was approximately 65% of the ultimate load capacity.     

Analysis of Slide Gate Mounting Bolt Failure in Steel Ladle Due to Fatigue

The mounting bolt failed during slide gate operation of a steel ladle was investigated. Metallurgical analysis confirms the bolt as IS 1367 10.9 grade high-tensile 42CrMo₄ steel. On comparative study with a good un-fractured sample, a striation of fine banded ferrite in pearlite matrix was revealed in failed bolt under optical microscopy. The bolts failed due to fatigue and crack initiated from the surface of machined bolt threads. Comparatively lower hardness, low UTS associated with lower %Cr and %Mo content found to aggravate premature failure of bolts during ladle operation. Microstructure of un-fractured sample found with tempered bainite phase. The fatigue failure of bolts occurred due to repetitive nature of shear force development during steel pouring through slide gate system. Preventive measures to reduce fatigue failure of the mounting bolts are proposed.     

Interior micro-defect induced cracking mechanism and life prediction of carburized Cr−Ni steel based on double nonlinear damage under variable amplitude loading

The constant/variable amplitude loading fatigue test with interior inclusion-fine granular area-fisheye induced failure under R=0 were carried out on carburized Cr−Ni steel. The results showed that the fatigue life under variable amplitude loading is longer than that under constant amplitude loading in very-high-cycle fatigue regime under same maximum stress level, and the surface morphology of fine granular area under variable amplitude loading is coarser than that under constant amplitude loading under same order of magnitude of fatigue life. Simultaneously, it can be determined that the formation micro-mechanism of fine granular area is caused by the continuous deboning due to stress concentration around interior micro-defects. Furthermore, the life prediction model based on double nonlinear fatigue damage, which considers the coupling effect of local equivalent stress (surface residual stress and local stress concentration effect), loading sequence, failure mechanism and nonlinear characteristics of fatigue damage under constant/variable amplitude loading is established, and predicted life has good accuracy within the factor-of-three lines.     

Fatigue analysis of ductile and brittle behaving steels under variable amplitude multiaxial loading

The analysis of fatigue behavior under multiaxial variable amplitude stress states, despite its wide applicability, has not been fully studied. Issues such as varying degrees of nonproportionality of the load history, cycle counting, damage accumulation, failure behavior of the material, and mean stress fluctuations which can significantly affect the results of these analyses have not been well understood. In this study, a methodology for the analysis of fatigue behavior under multiaxial variable amplitude loading conditions is employed which accounts for the aforementioned issues. At its core, the applied methodology uses critical plane analysis based on the failure behavior of each material to assess the fatigue damage. In order to evaluate the performance of the analysis method, axial, torsional, and combined axial‐torsional variable amplitude tests were performed on one ductile and one brittle behaving steel. The applied methodology resulted in close estimation of the experimental fatigue life for both ductile and brittle behaving steels.     

高强度螺栓疲劳缺口系数的有限元分析

螺栓球节点网架结构在悬挂吊车作用下的疲劳是工程界和学术界关注的热点,该结构的疲劳关键是高强度螺栓的疲劳。该文借助ANSYS有限元软件;选取常用的M14、M20、M24、M30、M33、M39、M52、M60共8种规格40Cr制高强度螺栓为分析对象;采用20节点的SOLID95单元类型进行三维实体建模;在重点定量探讨螺栓直径、螺纹升角、螺纹牙根圆角半径及螺栓球四个主要影响因素的基础上,建立了适用于各种规格高强度螺栓疲劳缺口系数的通用计算公式,数值区间为4.35―4.89。该文的研究结论揭示了应力集中和疲劳源的关系,为进一步以热点应力或热点应力幅为参量建立螺栓球节点网架结构疲劳计算方法奠定了理论基础。     

Experimental observation and modeling of the retardation of fatigue crack propagation under the combination of mixed-mode single overload and constant amplitude loads

It is well-known that one of the major characteristics of variable fatigue loads, especially overloads, is the retardation of the fatigue crack due to the complex interaction of many factors such as the overload ratio, the timing of overloads, the stress ratio, the yield stress of the material, the thickness of the structure, and the stress history. However, studies of the combined effect of mixed-mode I+II constant amplitude fatigue loadings and a mixed-mode I+II single overload on fatigue behavior are still scant. In this study, fatigue tests were conducted under mixed-mode I+II constant amplitude loadings with a mixed-mode I+II single overload, with reference to the variation of fatigue crack retardation. The formation of the overload plastic zone (OPZ) ahead of the crack tip under a mixed-mode I+II single overload is studied experimentally by the measurement of the shape and size of the OPZ. The behavior of fatigue crack propagation under mixed-mode loading conditions is examined by changing the loading mode of a single overload, and the relationship between the mixed-mode I+II single overload and the behavior of fatigue crack propagation in terms of the characteristics of the OPZ is evaluated. The empirical modeling of the fatigue life under mixed-mode I+II constant amplitude loadings is proposed by considering the characteristics of both the OPZ and the combination of the mode-mixity of mixed-mode I+II constant amplitude loadings and a mixed-mode I+II single overload.     

地角螺栓断裂失效分析

应用扫描电镜、光学显微镜和化学分析等检测手段，对地角螺栓断裂原因进行了探讨。结果表明，由于材质40Cr钢调质处理不当，致使钢的显微组织中存在有沿晶界呈网状分布的铁素体相，晶界严重弱化，造成地角螺栓在拧紧时从应力集中的栓杆与螺帽圆角处沿晶脆断。