轰击能量对离子束辅助磁控溅射沉积Cr-N薄膜断裂韧性的影响

应用低能离子束辅助磁控溅射技术(IBAMS)沉积Cr-N薄膜,用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和X射线衍射表征薄膜的组织结构,讨论了轰击能量对Cr-N薄膜组织、晶粒度以及硬度和断裂韧性的影响.结果表明:随离子束辅助轰击能量的升高,Cr-N薄膜由粗大的柱状晶变为细小的晶粒,当轰击能量达到1 200 V时,薄膜呈现等轴晶结构,薄膜致密度增加.FESEM得到的表面颗粒尺寸和AFM得到的粗糙度随轰击能量升高呈现相同的变化趋势,这些表观大颗粒是由许多小的亚晶块聚集而成.进一步用X射线衍射谱形分析表明:随轰击能量从0 V升高到800 V时,亚晶块的尺寸逐渐减小;到800 V时,晶块尺寸约为9 nm,但当能量升到1 200 V时,晶块尺寸反而增大,这是由离子束辅助轰击导致的两种不同机制而引起的,一种是离子轰击导致的喷丸碎化作用,而另一种为热效应引起的晶粒长大;当轰击能量从0 V增加800 V时,薄膜的硬度和断裂韧性都显著提高,与晶粒度的减小有关;而到1 200 V时,晶粒度较未辅助略大,但却具有很高的硬度以及较高的断裂韧性,说明硬度和断裂韧性的提高还与离子束轰击导致薄膜的致密化增加有关.     

提高渗碳钢多冲接触疲劳抗力的研究

研究了渗碳钢20CrMo表面滚压强化工艺,结果表明,钢渗碳、淬火、低温回火后进行滚压,具有高的多冲接触疲劳抗力,在一定深度范围内,多冲接触疲劳抗力随滚压层深的增加而提高.     

提高渗碳钢多冲接触疲劳抗力的研究

研究了渗碳钢２０ＣｒＭｏ表面滚压强化工艺，结果表明，钢渗碳、淬火、低温回火后进行滚压，具有高的多冲接触疲劳抗力，在一定深度范围内，多冲接触疲劳抗力随滚压层深的增加而提高。     

复合表面改性协同增强Ti合金高温微动疲劳抗力

研究了Ti811（Ti8A11MolV）钛合金表面离子束增强沉积（IBED）0Cr18Ni9膜层的膜基界面成分分布、膜基结合强度、膜层硬度和摩擦学行为。利用喷丸形变强化对IBED膜层进行后处理，拟达到联合提高钛合金高温微动疲劳抗力的目的。结果表明：离子束增强沉积技术可以获得致密度高，晶粒细化，孔隙率低，膜基结合强度高的0Cr18Ni9膜层，从而显著提高了钛合金表面硬度和耐磨性能；离子束增强沉积0Cr18Ni9膜层的耐磨性能与喷丸形变强化引入的表层残余压应力协同作用，使Ti811合金在350℃高温下的微动疲劳抗力显著提高，并且高于喷丸强化或IBED膜层的单独作用。     

镁合金表面非平衡磁控溅射CrN镀层结合性能和摩擦磨损性能

采用不同偏压闭合场非平衡磁控溅射技术在镁合金表面沉积Cr-N镀层,分别对镀层的组织结构、厚度、结合性能和摩擦磨损性能进行了表征和分析。结果表明,镀层主要由Cr(N)相和少量Cr2N相组成。在偏压为60V时镀层具有较高的硬度、良好的结合性能和摩擦磨损性能。偏压进一步升高,虽然镀层硬度有所提高,但结合性能和抗磨性能均下降。     

5CrNiMo钢的高温淬火

本文研究了淬火加热温度对5CrNiMo热锤锻模钢的组织、性能和淬透性的影响。结果表明,在以相当中型锻模油淬获得以贝氏体为主的贝氏体和马氏体混合组织的情况下,淬火温度从850℃提高到900℃,强度、冲击韧性、断裂韧性和低能量冲击疲劳抗力均有提高,钢的淬透性显著增大,淬火温度继续提高,冲击韧性和断裂韧性下降,钢的淬透性增加不显著。本文认为,高温淬火主要适用于模膛形状复杂,因淬硬深度不够易塌陷变形的锻模。     

离子辅助沉积TiN/Ti复合膜提高TC17钛合金高温微动疲劳抗力

为提高钛合金高温微动疲劳抗力,利用离子辅助电弧沉积技术在TC17钛合金表面制各了TiN/Ti复合膜层,研究了膜层的剖面成分分布、膜基结合强度、膜层显微硬度、韧性、常规摩擦学性能以及抗高温微动疲劳性能.结果表明:利用离子辅助电弧沉积技术可以获得硬度高、韧性好、膜基结合强度和承载能力优异的TiN/Ti复合膜层,该膜层具有良好的抗磨和减摩性能,能够显著地提高TC17钛合金在350℃高温环境下的常规磨损和微动疲劳抗力.然而,TC17钛合金表面喷丸强化后进行离子辅助沉积TiN/Ti复合膜,由于喷丸层残余压应力的显著松弛以及膜层易于开裂和脱落的缘故,微动疲劳抗力则不及喷丸强化或TiN/Ti复合膜单独作用.     

电刷镀纳米复合镀层的接触疲劳性能研究

利用电刷镀技术制得了镍包覆n-Al2O3粒子的复合镀层.研究了镀层硬度与镀液中粒子含量的关系,并测试了纳米复合镀层的接触疲劳性能.结果表明,镀层的硬度随镀液中粒子含量的增加而增加,到30 g/L时达到最大,随后降低;镀层的接触疲劳寿命较高,能达到1 000 000次.     

激光冲击强化对7050铝合金小孔结构残余应力和疲劳性能的影响

研究了激光冲击强化对7050 T7451铝合金小孔结构显微硬度、残余应力和疲劳性能的影响。结果表明:当激光能量为30 J、光斑直径ø4 mm,冲击2次时,7050 T7451铝合金显微硬度显著提高,表层硬度相对于母材提高约12%且硬化层深度可达1 mm;残余压应力幅值超过300 MPa,影响深度可达约1 mm,明显大于喷丸强化残余应力影响层深度。激光冲击诱导的残余压应力可提高疲劳裂纹的萌生抗力,其较深的残余压应力层则有利于延长裂纹的扩展寿命。激光冲击强化后小孔结构疲劳寿命相对于母材提高了4.7~17.6倍,且其疲劳寿命增益及稳定性明显优于喷丸强化。     

风力发电机齿轮箱轮齿断裂原因分析

根据风电齿轮箱轮齿断裂情况分析轮齿断裂的原因,先通过断口形貌初步判断出断裂类型,进而从齿轮的化学成分、金相组织、硬度、力学性能、断裂韧性、冲击韧性等方面进行试验研究。最终得出轮齿断裂是齿轮硬度不均、断裂韧性和冲击韧性较低以及运行过程中的冲击与疲劳共同作用的结果。     

A study on powder mixing for high fracture toughness and wear resistance of WC-Co-Cr coatings sprayed by HVOF

The effects of mixing powders with various particle sizes on the fracture toughness and wear resistance of thermally sprayed WC-10Co-4Cr coating layers fabricated by the HVOF (High-Velocity Oxygen Fuel) process on a S45C steel substrate were investigated. In order to obtain a high fracture toughness and wear resistance, the powder size and powder mixing ratio were varied. The microstructure and chemical composition of the phases in the coatings were characterized by means of the SEM and XRD techniques. Image analysis was used for the evaluation of the porosity of the coatings. Indentations tests were carried out on the cross sections of the coatings to evaluate the hardness and fracture toughness. The wear properties of the coatings were assessed using a pin-on-disk wear tester at ambient temperature without lubrication. The mixing of a small amount of coarse powders with fine powders resulted in the highest fracture toughness and wear resistance, due to the formation of coating layers having the lowest porosity.     

Over-Aging Effect on Fracture Toughness of Beryllium Copper Alloy C17200

This study experimentally increased the fracture toughness of Beryllium Copper (CuBe) UNS C17200 alloy using three different age hardening processes. At the same time, the micro- and macro-fracture behavior of this alloy were comprehensively studied. ASTM E399 fracture toughness, tensile, and Charpy impact tests were conducted for all three heat-treated rods. The fracture surfaces were examined under both an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope to investigate the failure mechanisms. Multiple test orientations were considered to explore isotropy. Increasing the temperature and duration at which age hardening was performed increased fracture toughness while decreasing ultimate tensile strength. The maximum fracture toughness was reached on the most overaged specimen, while retaining a serviceable tensile strength. The specimen test data allowed a relationship to be established among Charpy impact toughness, fracture toughness, and yield strength. Analysis of fracture behavior revealed an interesting relationship between fracture toughness and pre-cracking fatigue propagation rate.     

Microstructure and Tribological Behavior of Cr-Cu-N Coatings Deposited by Ion Beam Assisted Magnetron Sputtering

Cr-Cu-N coatings with copper content from 0 at%to 6.8 at%were deposited on silicon and M2 steel by ion beam assisted magnetron sputtering.The microstructure and composition of the coatings were characterized using SEM,GDOES,XRD and XPS.The mechanical properties of the coatings were tested on a standard hardness tester.The tribological behavior of the coatings in dry wear condition was studied by means of ball-on-disc wear test.The experimental results show that addition of copper can restrict the columnar crystal growing to a certain degree.XRD and XPS analysis indicate that coatings are mainly composed of Cr and CrN phase.Cu is mainly existed in a free state in the coatings.Copper adding has no obvious effects on the hardness of the coatings.However,the coatings fracture toughness can be improved by doped copper.The coefficient of friction of the coatings against bearing steel is in the range of 0.25-0.6 changing with the copper content.The coating with 2.6 at%copper shows the lowest coefficient of friction about 0.25 and wear rate which is about one tenth of that of the coating with 6.8 at%copper.The higher coefficient of friction and wear rate of the coating with 6.8at%copper may be attributed to its lower bonding strength.     

AZ31镁合金及其TIG焊接接头断裂机理研究

对AZ31镁合金及其焊接接头进行拉伸、冲击和疲劳试验,分析了镁合金的断裂机理及疲劳裂纹扩展方向.母材拉伸试验结果表明,试样几乎没有缩颈,抗拉强度为236.29 MPa;焊接接头的抗拉强度为185.68 MPa,拉伸断裂从焊接接头焊趾部位启裂,抗拉强度为母材的78%.冲击试验在-80～340 ℃进行,结果表明,在较低温度下AZ31镁合金冲击韧性较小,断口为准解理形貌的脆性断裂;随着温度的增加,断裂形式由准解理+韧窝形貌的混合断裂过渡为韧性断裂;在常温下焊缝中心的冲击韧性比母材的高,但热影响区的冲击韧性较差.AZ31B镁合金母材的疲劳强度为66.72 MPa,对接接头的疲劳强度为39.00 MPa;母材疲劳断口由解理台阶组成,为脆性断裂;焊接接头疲劳断口由解理和准解理台阶组成,为脆性断裂.     

IMPROVEMENT OF CARBIDE MORPHOLOGY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Cr12MoV STEELS

1. IntroductionCr12MoV steel is used widely as an important high wear resistallt cold die steel aroundthe world[1]. It is well known that Cr12MoV steel has networked carbide in the solidification structure, which leads to the intergranular brittleness. Moreover. The networkcarbide is too stable to be changed during heat treatment even at high temperaturely]. Inthe conventional process, forging is needed to break etwork carbide into a granular form.However, partly owing to Cr12MoV steel hav…     

稀土Ce对激光熔覆高硼贝氏体涂层性能的影响

利用激光熔覆制备了不同Ce含量的高硼贝氏体涂层。采用扫描电镜对不同Ce含量的涂层组织进行表征;利用显微硬度计检测熔覆层显微硬度;通过万能拉伸机测试熔覆涂层的断裂韧性;用往复摩擦磨损试验机测试涂层的磨损性能。结果表明:经稀土Ce改性后,初生奥氏体晶粒尺寸减小,晶间网格状硼化物形态得到改善,呈现断网或颗粒状。三点弯曲断裂韧性得到改善,断口由沿晶脆断转变为准解理断裂。随着Ce含量的增加,熔覆涂层平均摩擦因数先减小后增大,磨痕中都存在严重的疲劳剥落。     

Characterization of Fracture and Fatigue Behavior of 7050 Aluminum Alloy Ultra-thick Plate

The microstructure, mechanical property, fracture toughness, and fatigue behavior of 7050 aluminum alloy pre-stretched ultra-thick plate were investigated by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, tensile test, fracture toughness test, and high-cycle fatigue test. The results showed that the microstructure of the ultra-thick plate consisted of recrystallized grains, subgrains, constituent particles, precipitated phases, and precipitate-free zone. Mechanical tests indicated that anisotropy of fracture toughness existed in L-T, T-L, and S-T orientation. Fractographic features suggested that this anisotropy was significant due to the difference of recrystallized grain on different metallographic planes. Compared to 7050 aluminum alloy plate in less thickness, the ultra-thick plate showed deterioration on fracture toughness due to the increase of recrystallized grains but improvement on fatigue property ascribed to the less densely populated particles. Fractographic observations showed that fatigue initiation of this ultra-thick plate was primarily related to the constituent particles and promoted by increase of the stress amplitude.     

Coating optimisation for high speed machining with advanced nanomechanical test methods

Advanced nanomechanical testing has been used to evaluate key factors influencing tool life (1) a plasticity index (PI, the plastic work done/total work done during indentation), at room and elevated temperature (2) hot hardness and (3) fatigue fracture resistance, and determine their relative importance in different cutting applications. The optimum combination of hardness and toughness/plasticity to minimise wear and extend the life of coated WC-Co cutting tools was found to vary with the severity and nature of the cutting conditions. For interrupted cutting the plasticity index is critical, with high values (i.e. not extremely high H/E) resulting in extended tool life. Elevated temperature nanoindentation showed decreasing hardness and increasing PI with temperature. In high-speed turning hot hardness is the dominant factor whilst for interrupted cutting high hot hardness should be combined with improved plasticity for longer tool life. A novel test technique nano-impact, was used to simulate the interrupted contact (and cyclic loading) conditions occurring in milling applications and evaluate the fatigue fracture resistance of coated tools. It was able to successfully rank coatings in terms of tool life in end milling and reproduce the evolution of tool wear in the cutting test. In elevated temperature nano-impact testing the probability and extent of fracture during the test decreased at elevated temperature, consistent with the higher PI. Results from the advanced nanomechanical tests can be used in combination to predict which coatings have longer life in severe cutting conditions.     

表面强化材料的韧性对疲劳性能及断裂性质的影响

对45钢正火态软氮化处理前后的旋转弯曲疲劳性能及其断口进行了定量和电镜分析。从断裂力学观点分析了疲劳最后断裂性质。结果表明:疲劳最后断裂性质取决于材料的强度和韧性。同时,冲击疲劳试验表明:软氮化处理使冲击疲劳性能劣化,这是因表面硬化层约束了柔软心部,使整体材料的韧性变差的结果。因此,表面硬化处理时,在保证设计要求的条件下,尽量减少层深,以保证材料有适应的韧塑性。     

Sliding and Abrasive Wear Behavior of WC-CoCr Coatings with Different Carbide Sizes

This study examines the sliding and abrasive wear behaviors of high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF)-sprayed WC-CoCr coatings with different WC grain sizes. The HVOF coating deposition was assisted by in-flight particle temperature and velocity measurement system. The powder feedstocks and their corresponding coatings were characterized by means of XRD and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope analysis. Hardness, porosity, and indentation fracture toughness of these coatings were calculated and compared with each other. Sliding wear resistance of these coatings was calculated using pin-on-disk tribometer (ASTM G99-90). The two-body abrasion was quantified by sliding the samples over silicon carbide (SiC) abrasive paper bonded to a rotating flat disk of auto-polisher. The mechanism of materials' removal in both the sliding and abrasive wears was studied and discussed on microstructural investigations. It was observed that fine grain WC-CoCr cermet coating exhibits higher sliding and abrasive wear resistances as compared with conventional cermet coating.