全联接全开放的分布式能源信息智能网络

随着新能源应用在电网系统及用电终端的逐步普及,发电供给侧、电网输配侧、需求响应侧需要正视能源改革关于两个替代、一个回归、一个提高的要求。需求侧可调整/可平移负荷在配合电网削峰填谷/消纳可再生能源等方面的作用需要被重新认识;同时需求侧负荷作为能源消费终端,也需要改变自身用电模式,采用新能源、储能或直流电等友好智能的用电方式。消费终端的交/直流母线开放,是实现需求侧能源自由对接、信息开放互联的前提,也是需求侧改变自身用电模式参与电网调度或市场行为的前提;只有消费终端实现能源信息的互通互联,才能真正实现互联网+智慧能源。     

需求侧智慧能源系统关键技术分析

需求侧智慧能源系统作为能源互联网的重要组成部分,是未来能源系统的重要组织形式,对实现可再生能源分布式就地消纳,提升终端能源利用效率等具有重要意义。本文探讨了需求侧智慧能源系统的构成特点,列举了与需求侧智慧能源系统能源生产、传输、分配、转换、存储、消费等环节相关的关键设备与技术,分析了需求侧智慧能源系统的产业发展模式。最后,进一步针对需求侧智慧能源系统的发展前景,分实验示范阶段、应用推广阶段以及普遍应用、完全市场化阶段进行了阐述。     

面向碳中和的综合能源系统全过程服务实践

综合能源系统主要面向城镇区域、工业园区、建筑综合体等建设的能源基础设施,是从低碳能源供应侧、输配网络、储能到用户需求侧“源网荷储”一体化的低碳能源系统。本文以山西·潇河新城综合能源项目为例,从不同能源技术路线比选、优化配置区域能源岛方案、自主研发的智慧运维管理平台等方面,探讨了综合能源系统全过程服务在以运营为目标的能源系统方案优化、智慧化建造运维的价值。     

基于演化博弈的我国储能产业协同发展机制及政策研究

从产业协同理论出发,运用演化博弈方法和案例分析法研究政府在技术、政策、市场等方面的驱动对促进我国储能产业协同发展的作用机制。研究表明:政府驱动对储能产业协同发展具有积极作用,提高储能合作项目运营收益、降低"搭便车"收益有助于储能企业间协同;在一定范围内的储能示范项目补贴和政府监管力度对储能产业协同发展具有驱动作用,项目补贴具有快速驱动效应,监管力度具有长期驱动效应;储能系统应用补贴及其合同标的金额越高,驱动作用越大,与合同标的金额的驱动效应相比,应用补贴的驱动效应更具有长期性。     

能源大数据技术的应用与发展

能源大数据技术作为"互联网+"智慧能源的重要组成部分,对推动我国能源革命、促进能源转型以及刺激能源行业创新发展具有重大作用。本文以"互联网+"智慧能源为背景,阐述了能源大数据技术的结构形态与关键特征;立足于大数据在我国新时代下能源行业发展的重要支撑意义,探讨了能源大数据技术的主要应用领域,重点讨论了目前实现能源大数据的主要制约因素;最后提出了几点发展对策,力求助力我国能源大数据的建设与完善,推动"互联网+"智慧能源的深度发展。     

“互联网+”智慧能源储能系统主动调控策略研究

针对能源互联网中分布式能源比例大量增加的情况,探讨了含多种分布式能源系统中储能系统参与主动调控的可行性和必要性。结合电力系统稳定和分布式能源发-输-用整体经济运行的要求,储能系统参与主动调控核心是主动协助平衡系统功率变化,调控时间、调控额度、调控次数是影响储能系统主动调控效果的关键因素。在PowerFactory软件中搭建储能系统并进行了仿真,分析了电力储能主动调控对系统的影响,并结合实际工程建设和设备开发经验,归纳了储能系统主动调节策略,仿真分析和实验数据验证了主动调控策略的有效性。     

电力低碳转型背景下氢储能的挑战与展望

随着新能源占比逐渐提高,作为辅助新能源并网的储能技术受到广泛关注。氢储能和燃料电池技术已被我国列为战略性能源技术,并积极应用到市场和企业发展中。电解水制氢可以平抑可再生能源并网带来的波动,帮助电网削峰调频;燃料电池作为提高能源转换率的发电装置,同时具备噪音小、无污染等优势,是消纳可再生能源的有效方式之一。对现有储能技术的发展现状和优势进行对比分析,着重介绍了氢储能系统目前关键技术和研究方向,并对氢储能商业化发展进行展望。     

强化技术在相变储能材料研究中的应用

由于相变储能材料具有储热量较大、储热温度较低、近似恒温操作和储存体积较小等优点,因此,采用相变储能材料的能源储存是储存可利用能源最有效的方式之一.然而,不同的相变储能材料具有不同的特点,应用上也存在一定的局限性,因此,为了改善其性能,提高储能效率,扩大应用范围,就需要采用强化技术.介绍了几种重要的强化技术及其在相变储能材料研究中的应用.     

对储能电站检测的安全性分析

在新一轮能源革命的背景下,储能作为新能源行业的新起之星,已在部分区域内建立储能电站,为了确保其能够安全稳定地运行,运维人员需定期对其进行检测解析。该文主要介绍了系列检测的内容与方法,检测对象可能会引起的危害和如何抑制其产生的解决方法。储能电站作为多能源互补的重要角色之一,它主要应用于解决弃光弃风问题、实现调峰调频的电网侧服务和工商业峰谷套利等盈利模式,因此保持高效率及安全运行对系统的经济性和稳定性至关重要。     

互联网与能源系统的融合形态与技术

基于互联网技术和互联网思维推进能源系统与信息网络的深度融合,构建多种能源优化互补、供需互动开放共享的能源系统和生态体系,是能源系统发展的新趋势。本文基于互联网技术发展的背景,阐述了互联网与能源系统融合的驱动力,探究了互联网与能源系统融合的基本形态,提出了互联网与能源系统融合的分阶段发展形态,即智能化、透明化、智慧化;最后,提出了互联网与能源系统融合的相关关键技术。     

基于虚拟储能的综合能源系统分布式电源功率波动平抑策略

针对含分布式可再生能源的热电联供综合能源系统,提出一种基于虚拟储能技术的热电联供综合能源系统联络线功率波动平抑策略。分析了综合能源系统中热电联供系统的结构特点与电热耦合方式。热电联供综合能源系统中的可控设备包括微型燃气轮机、热泵、蓄电池和超级电容。虚拟储能系统是基于建筑物蓄热特性的模型。引入可控设备及虚拟储能系统状态指标,采用加权滑动平均滤波算法确定联络线目标平滑功率;将联络线波动功率在可控设备间分配,并基于设备状态映射表,引入设备修正系数以确定其最终出力。在上海某高校"中意绿色能源实验中心"进行验证,结果表明,所提策略能够实现电热耦合协调,保证功率波动平抑效果,在满足虚拟储能状态约束的前提下,保证客户的舒适度,延长可控设备的使用寿命,并充分发掘热电联供综合能源系统的控制灵活性,增强分布式可再生能源的综合消纳能力。     

An Internet of Energy Things Based on Wireless LPWAN

Under intense environmental pressure, the global energy sector is promoting the integration of renewable energy into interconnected energy systems. The demand-side management (DSM) of energy systems has drawn considerable industrial and academic attention in attempts to form new flexibilities to respond to variations in renewable energy inputs to the system. However, many DSM concepts are still in the experimental demonstration phase. One of the obstacles to DSM usage is that the current information infrastructure was mainly designed for centralized systems, and does not meet DSM requirements. To overcome this barrier, this paper proposes a novel information infrastructure named the Internet of Energy Things (IoET) in order to make DSM practicable by basing it on the latest wireless communication technology: the low-power wide-area network (LPWAN). The primary advantage of LPWAN over general packet radio service (GPRS) and area Internet of Things (IoT) is its wide-area coverage, which comes with minimum power consumption and maintenance costs. Against this background, this paper briefly reviews the representative LPWAN technologies of narrow-band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and Long Range (LoRa) technology, and compares them with GPRS and area IoT technology. Next, a wireless-to-cloud architecture is proposed for the IoET, based on the main technical features of LPWAN. Finally, this paper looks forward to the potential of IoET in various DSM application scenarios.     

Graphene‐Based Integrated Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting/Storage Device

Energy scavenging has become a fundamental part of ubiquitous sensor networks. Of all the scavenging technologies, solar has the highest power density available. However, the energy source is erratic. Integrating energy conversion and storage devices is a viable route to obtain self‐powered electronic systems which have long‐term maintenance‐free operation. In this work, we demonstrate an integrated‐power‐sheet, consisting of a string of series connected organic photovoltaic cells (OPCs) and graphene supercapacitors on a single substrate, using graphene as a common platform. This results in lighter and more flexible power packs. Graphene is used in different forms and qualities for different functions. Chemical vapor deposition grown high quality graphene is used as a transparent conductor, while solution exfoliated graphene pastes are used as supercapacitor electrodes. Solution‐based coating techniques are used to deposit the separate components onto a single substrate, making the process compatible with roll‐to‐roll manufacture. Eight series connected OPCs based on poly(3‐hexylthiophene)(P3HT):phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC₆₀BM) bulk‐heterojunction cells with aluminum electrodes, resulting in a ≈5 V open‐circuit voltage, provide the energy harvesting capability. Supercapacitors based on graphene ink with ≈2.5 mF cm^?2 capacitance provide the energy storage capability. The integrated‐power‐sheet with photovoltaic (PV) energy harvesting and storage functions had a mass of 0.35 g plus the substrate.     

Optimal Implementation of Photovoltaic and Battery Energy Storage in Distribution Networks

Recently, implementation of Battery Energy Storage (BES) with photovoltaic (PV) array in distribution networks is becoming very popular in overall the world. Integrating PV alone in distribution networks generates variable output power during 24-hours as it depends on variable natural source. PV can be able to generate constant output power during 24-hours by installing BES with it. Therefore, this paper presents a new application of a recent metaheuristic algorithm, called Slime Mould Algorithm (SMA), to determine the best size, and location of photovoltaic alone or with battery energy storage in the radial distribution system (RDS). This algorithm is modeled from the behavior of SMA in nature. During the optimization process, the total active power loss during 24-hours is used as an objective function considering the equality and inequality constraints. In addition, the presented function is based on the probabilistic for PV output and different types of system load. The candidate buses for integrating PV and BES in the distribution network are determined by the real power loss sensitivity factor (PLSF). IEEE 69-bus RDS with different types of loads is used as a test system. The effectiveness of SMA is validated by comparing its results with those obtained by other well-known optimization algorithms.     

储能参与泛在电力物联网辅助服务应用综述

电力体制的逐步深化改革和电力市场化交易机制的逐步完善,为储能发展提供了新的契机,储能将呈现出多元化发展的良好态势。同时辅助服务补偿机制的建立,加速了储能系统在辅助服务领域的渗透,辅助服务市场也将成为未来储能的主要应用方向之一。针对储能在辅助服务中的参与机制和研究现状进行调研归纳,讨论了储能在电力系统辅助服务中的发展前景和研究方向。结合泛在电力物联网的建设,对储能在我国参与辅助服务的商业模式进行了探讨。     

A Dual-Capacitors Type Energy Recovery Power System for Repetitive Pulsed High Magnetic Fields

As a flexible and convenient tool, a repetitive pulsed high magnetic field (RPHMF) would be employed for scientific research and industrial applications. A novel RPHMF system design adopting a dual-capacitors type energy recovery power system is introduced in this paper. The energy stored in the magnet can be fed back to the capacitor by a choke coil and a resonant capacitor while the energy dissipated in the discharge will be replenished to the capacitor through a high frequency resonant capacitor charging power system (CCPS). The main advantages of the design are as followed: first, the energy feedback make the system more efficient; second, during the whole process there is no reverse voltage on the metalized film capacitors, improving the energy storage capacitors’ service lifetime and reliability remarkably; finally, convenience can be brought to the high frequency CCPS’s application. In this paper, theoretic analysis of RPHMF system is described and an experimental device with a bitter magnet as the load is built to test the design for its verification. A 1.2 Hz, 8 T repetitive pulsed high magnetic field is generated. Experimental results show that there is no reverse voltage on the energy storage capacitors in the whole process. The factors influencing the efficiency and frequency of the system are analyzed in detail.     

Storage of Mechanical Energy Based on Carbon Nanotubes with High Energy Density and Power Density

Energy storage in a proper form is an important way to meet the fast increase in the demand for energy. Among the strategies for storing energy, storage of mechanical energy via suitable media is widely utilized by human beings. With a tensile strength over 100 GPa, and a Young's modulus over 1 TPa, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered as one of the strongest materials ever found and exhibit overwhelming advantages for storing mechanical energy. For example, the tensile‐strain energy density of CNTs is as high as 1125 Wh kg^‐1. In addition, CNTs also exhibit great potential for fabricating flywheels to store kinetic energy with both high energy density (8571 Wh kg^‐1) and high power density (2 MW kg^‐1 to 2 GW kg^‐1). Here, an overview of some typical mechanical‐energy‐storage systems and materials is given. Then, theoretical and experimental studies on the mechanical properties of CNTs and CNT assemblies are introduced. Afterward, the strategies for utilizing CNTs to store mechanical energy are discussed. In addition, macroscale production of CNTs is summarized. Finally, future trends and prospects in the development of CNTs used as mechanical‐energy‐storage materials are presented.     

储能在电网中的应用价值及其商业模式

随着风电、光伏渗透率逐渐增大,其并网给电网稳定运行带来了诸多挑战。储能技术可以有效平抑新能源功率波动,增强新能源发电可控性,提高新能源的并网接入能力,因此在电网中配置储能的相关研究与技术受到越来越多的关注。以储能系统接入电网的功能为切入点,针对储能系统在调频、调峰、备用容量和延缓输配电扩容升级等4种场景中的应用价值进行研究和归纳,讨论了储能相关商业模式的发展前景和未来待研究的关键科学问题。     

计及先进绝热压缩空气储能多能联供特性的微型综合能源系统优化调度模型

先进绝热压缩空气储能（Advanced adiabaticcompressed air energy storage,AA-CAES）是一种清洁的大规模物理储能技术。相对于其他类型的储能技术,AA-CAES技术具有多能流联供的独特特性,这一特性使得其在微型综合能源系统中具有广阔的应用前景。考虑AA-CAES电站的多能联供特性,研究了含AA-CAES电站的微型综合能源系统优化调度策略。介绍了含AA-CAES电站的微型综合能源系统基本构成;基于AA-CAES电站的实际热力学过程,构建AA-CAES电站的冷热电多能流联合调度约束模型;在此基础上,以最小化系统运行成本为目标,建立含AA-CAES电站的微型综合能源系统优化调度模型;最后,采用天津中新生态城的数据进行模型验证。