共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 102 毫秒
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我国植物资源丰富,《中国有毒植物》一书列入了有毒植物1300余种,其中许多种类具有杀虫、杀菌作用并被作为植物源农药利用。《中国土农药志》共记述植物性农药220种,主要为毛莨科、杜鹃花科、大戢科、茄科、百合科、豆科等有毒植物种类。 相似文献
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为了发挥化学防治在害虫综合防治中的作用,以及寻找新的高效安全的杀虫剂,我们于1980年开始和有关单位协作应用楝科等40余种杀虫植物对14种农业害虫进行了忌避、拒食、内吸、触杀及控制昆虫生长发育的一系列室内及田间试验,取得一些可喜的成果。对三化螟初孵幼虫的内吸毒杀试验,发现有14种植物具有活性,除楝科外,雷公藤、黄 相似文献
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植源杀虫剂苦皮藤研究现状 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
苦皮藤用于杀虫,在我国民间已有相当长的历史。三十年代已有苦皮藤的调查研究报告,八十年代,对苦皮藤防虫对象、作用方式、杀虫机理、有效成分、植物资源、引种栽培、天然产物制剂,生物毒性评价进行了较系统的研究。结果表明;苦皮藤对害虫具有拒食、忌避、麻醉、胃毒、抑制产卵作用及具有杀菌作用。 相似文献
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Meihong Lin Sifan Yang Jiguang Huang Lijuan Zhou 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(24)
Plant-originated triterpenes are important insecticidal molecules. The research on insecticidal activity of molecules from Meliaceae plants has always received attention due to the molecules from this family showing a variety of insecticidal activities with diverse mechanisms of action. In this paper, we discuss 102 triterpenoid molecules with insecticidal activity of plants of eight genera (Aglaia, Aphanamixis, Azadirachta, Cabralea, Carapa, Cedrela, Chisocheton, and Chukrasia) in Meliaceae. In total, 19 insecticidal plant species are presented. Among these species, Azadirachta indica A. Juss is the most well-known insecticidal plant and azadirachtin is the active molecule most widely recognized and highly effective botanical insecticide. However, it is noteworthy that six species from Cedrela were reported to show insecticidal activity and deserve future study. In this paper, a total of 102 insecticidal molecules are summarized, including 96 nortriterpenes, 4 tetracyclic triterpenes, and 2 pentacyclic triterpenes. Results showed antifeedant activity, growth inhibition activity, poisonous activity, or other activities. Among them, 43 molecules from 15 plant species showed antifeedant activity against 16 insect species, 49 molecules from 14 plant species exhibited poisonous activity on 10 insect species, and 19 molecules from 11 plant species possessed growth regulatory activity on 12 insect species. Among these molecules, azadirachtins were found to be the most successful botanical insecticides. Still, other molecules possessed more than one type of obvious activity, including 7-deacetylgedunin, salannin, gedunin, azadirone, salannol, azadiradione, and methyl angolensate. Most of these molecules are only in the primary stage of study activity; their mechanism of action and structure–activity relationship warrant further study. 相似文献
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山蒟(Piper hancei Maxim)杀虫活性初步研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
[目的]研究山蒟的杀虫活性,以丰富植物源农药的来源.[方法]采用胃毒法测定山蒟对家蝇的胃毒活性,浸渍法测定山蒟对致倦库蚊和白纹伊蚊的活性.[结果]结果显示:山药的石油醚萃取物表现较强的杀虫活性,石油醚提取物1 g/L处理家蝇12、24 h后,校正死亡率分别为86.66%、90%,处理家蝇12、24、36 h后的LC50值分别为1.4000、0.5000、0.2000 g/L,接近于处理36h后鱼藤酮的LC50值(0.08 g/L).石油醚提取物处理致倦库蚊和白纹伊蚊12h后的LC50值分别为2.4127、10.5163 mg/L,活性分别高于对照药物鱼藤酮的3.1727、21.5100 mg/L.[结论]山蒟具有较好杀虫活性,经检索未见相关文献曾报道山药的杀虫活性. 相似文献
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[目的]从植物中筛选对萝卜蚜有生物活性的物质。[方法]用冷浸提取法,以萝卜蚜为供试昆虫,采用浸叶法测定了8种植物乙醇提取物的杀虫活性,并对鸡爪槭等3种植物提取物进行了毒力测定。[结果]在质量浓度为500 mg/L时,鸡爪槭乙醇提取物24、48 h校正死亡率分别为62.34%和81.61%;陆英和棕榈48 h校正死亡率分别为78.88%和83.65%。鸡爪槭、棕榈和陆英48 h对萝卜蚜的致死中浓度(LC50值)分别为26.08、147.96、159.53 mg/L。相对毒力顺序为鸡爪槭>棕榈>陆英。[结论]鸡爪槭叶具有潜在的杀虫活性。 相似文献
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The roots of ragweed Ambrosia trifida exude chemical compounds that have insecticidal activities. This paper reports a survey conducted in a soybean field infested with ragweed to determine if the ragweed affected the populations of plant parasitic nematodes. There was a strong indication that the ragweed decreased populations of plant parasitic nematodes in some cases. 相似文献
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酰氨基硫脲类化合物是一类重要的有机硫化合物,它们不仅是合成多种杂环化合物的有机中间体,而且具有杀菌、杀虫、抗结核、抗癌、徐草及调节植物生长等多种重要的生物活性.介绍了酰氨基硫脲及其杂环衍生物的应用进展及合成方法,同时对该类化合物的广阔开发前景进行了展望. 相似文献