预制拼装桥墩地震易损性分析

为研究灌浆波纹管连接和带榫头的灌浆波纹管连接两种预制拼装桥墩的抗震性能并对其在地震作用下的易损性进行评估,根据预制拼装桥墩墩底接缝的特点,通过拟静力试验研究,以墩顶漂移率为损伤指标,对其不同的损伤破坏状态进行描述,并确定了对应不同破坏等级的损伤量化指标限值Dcr、Dcy、Dcm和Dcu。采用有限元软件对现浇及预制拼装桥墩进行不同地震作用下的时程分析并建立概率地震需求模型,对其易损性进行评估,并通过改变轴压比、纵筋配筋率,来进一步研究这些参数对预制拼装桥墩易损性的影响。结果表明：虽然预制拼装桥墩与现浇桥墩大部分的破坏形式都为弯曲破坏,但是损伤状态因为接缝而存在差异;采用波纹管连接的预制拼装桥墩与现浇桥墩的地震易损性差别不大,抗震性能基本一致;有榫头构造的预制拼装桥墩在各级地震作用下发生四种损伤破坏的概率最低,这种构造形式的抗震性能优于平面接缝的预制拼装桥墩;轴压比、纵筋配筋率这两种参数对桥墩的易损性影响较大,随着轴压比的增大或配筋率的减小,桥墩的损伤概率增大。     

Stiffened steel plates under uniaxial compression

The stability of steel plates stiffened with tee-shape sections under uniaxial compression and combined uniaxial compression and bending was investigated using a finite element model. The emphasis of the work presented in this paper was to find the parameters that uniquely describe the strength and behaviour of stiffened steel plates. A finite element model, validated using the results of tests on full-size stiffened plate panels, was used to investigate the scale effect for five dimensionless parameters. The parameters investigated were: the transverse slenderness of the plate, the slenderness of the web and flange of the stiffener, the ratio of torsional slenderness of the stiffener to the transverse slenderness of the plate, and the stiffener-to-plate area ratio. Average magnitude residual stresses and initial imperfections were assumed for this study.A parametric study covering a wide range of dimensionless parameters indicated that stiffened steel plates do not fail by stiffener tripping unless a bending moment is applied to create flexural compressive stresses in the stiffener. Although plate buckling and overall buckling were found to lead to a very stable post-buckling behaviour, the interaction between these two buckling modes was found to give rise to a sudden loss of capacity following initial plate buckling. The plate transverse slenderness, the stiffener slenderness-to-plate slenderness ratio, and the stiffener-to-plate area ratio were found to have a significant effect on this behaviour.A comparison of the numerical analysis results with API and DnV design guidelines indicates that the guidelines predict stiffened steel plate capacity with various degrees of success, depending on the governing mode of failure. Neither guidelines address the potential interaction-buckling phenomenon.     

Seismic performance of new-type box steel bridge piers with embedded energy-dissipating shell plates under tri-directional seismic coupling action

Accurate numerical models are necessary to evaluate the seismic performance and load-bearing mechanism of new-type box steel bridge piers with embedded energy-dissipating shell plates under tri-directional seismic coupling action. Numerical simulations of seismic performance under six types of tri-directional seismic coupling action was conducted. The effects of this stress on the seismic performance of the new-type steel bridge piers was evaluated through analysis of damage mode, hysteresis curve, skeleton curve, stiffness and strength degradation characteristic, and energy-dissipating capacity. This study also compared the numerical analysis with experimental results in order to validate the accuracy of the proposed finite element model. Based on this model, the range of relevant parameters expanded and 88 numerical specimens were analysed for seismic performance, producing further information about the influence of thickness and curvature of the embedded shell plate, spacing of transverse stiffening ribs of the shell, axial compression ratio, and slenderness ratio. Results showed that tri-directional seismic coupling action significantly affects the specimen’s deformation capacity; the embedded shell plate effectively improves the piers’ load-carrying and deformation capacity; and the thickness of the embedded shell plate, width-to-thickness ratio of the wall plate, axial compression ratio, and slenderness ratio significantly affect the seismic performance of the new-type steel bridge piers. To promote the ease of seismic design of new-type box steel bridge piers, this study used theoretical analysis and numerical simulation to calculate equations for the minimum height of the energy-dissipating zone of the bottom embedded shell plate. Finally, formulas were also established to calculate the relevant stability bearing capacity and displacement ductility factor of the new-type steel bridge piers under tri-directional seismic coupling action in order to improve their seismic design.     

带肋圆管截面钢桥墩的延性影响因素研究

为研究带肋圆管截面钢桥墩在水平反复荷载作用下的延性影响因素,首先通过与试验结果对比,确认有限元分析方法的有效性,然后对承受水平反复荷载作用下的圆管钢桥墩进行一系列参数研究,详细讨论钢桥墩径厚比、纵向加劲肋数量以及纵向加劲肋长细比等对钢桥墩极限承载力和延性性能的影响。研究结果表明,随着钢桥墩径厚比和纵向加劲肋长细比的减小,圆管钢桥墩的延性性能得到很大改善。与配置4根纵向加劲肋相比,配置6根肋后的延性提高效果并不明显,而配置8根肋可以显著提高钢桥墩的延性性能。     

钢筋混凝土桥墩基于位移的抗震设计方法

通过改进能力谱法,给出了一个可以实现“小震不坏、中震可修和大震不倒”多级性能目标的钢筋混凝土桥墩直接基于位移的抗震设计方法。首先以钢筋和混凝土的应变幅值建立了钢筋混凝土桥墩不同破损极限状态的量化准则,并基于曲率延性系数和位移延性系数关系转化为墩顶位移的表述形式。再以屈服位移和位移延性系数作为设计参考变量,采用屈服谱加速度和屈服位移(Ay-Dy)格式的地震需求谱求解系统在不同风险水平地震作用下的反应。最后以能力设计原理保证桥墩截面的抗剪强度需求。通过一个具体设计算例说明了建议方法的可行性。     

新型耗能体系在抗震结构中的应用

箱形截面钢桥墩广泛地用于高架桥中，通常，这些箱形截面的钢板具有较高的宽厚比，这就使得桥墩在大地震时很容易遭到破坏。为了改善这种钢桥墩的抗震性能，提出了一种通过能量被局部构件吸收的方法来提高整个结构的抗震能力，即把地震灾害控制在一些事先设计好的薄弱构件中，地震时，通过这些构件的破坏来吸收能量，在研究中，粘附于钢桥墩的低屈服点钢板被设计为薄弱构件，在地震时，通过低屈服点钢板的屈服来吸收能量，并保持桥墩一直为弹性。研究了低屈服点钢板的耗能特性，并提出了优化设计方法，这种新的设计概念及方法同样适合于房屋、厂户及高耸结构抗震设计。     

Ultimate strength and ductility of stiffened steel tubular bridge piers

This paper presents the ultimate strength and ductility of steel tubular bridge piers with the inner cruciform plates, the stiffener plates, the concrete-filled sections and the outer tube subjected to monotonic and cyclic horizontal loads. Numerical analyses were carried out using the finite element package MARC. Firstly, to check the validity of the numerical analysis, the analytical results of the steel tubular columns with the inner cruciform plates, the concrete filled sections and the outer tube were compared with the previous experimental results. Secondly, the effects of the radius-to-thickness ratio parameter and the slenderness ratio parameter on seismic performance (the ductility, the ultimate strength etc.) of these steel tubular piers were examined. Numerical results indicated that the steel column with inner cruciform plates was able to improve the ultimate strength and ductility of the steel tubular piers.     

考虑橡胶支座随机性下隔震与非隔震近海桥梁地震易损性对比

针对目前在隔震桥梁地震易损性分析中隔震支座性能参数随机性研究薄弱、从失效概率的角度开展隔震与非隔震桥梁对比研究缺乏的现状,详细统计分析了橡胶隔震支座力学性能参数的不确定性,建立了近海隔震与非隔震桥梁非线性动力分析模型。在考虑支座参数、地震动及桥梁结构不确定性的基础上,利用拉丁超立方抽样分别生成90个结构-地震动样本对。利用Sap2000有限元软件对每个样本对进行非线性动力时程分析,通过对大量数据的回归分析,得到桥墩、支座的易损性曲线,进而对隔震前后结构的地震易损性进行了对比分析。结果表明：在同一破坏等级相同地震作用下,非隔震桥墩的失效概率大于隔震桥墩,非隔震支座破坏的概率大于隔震橡胶支座|采用隔震技术后,桥墩发生严重破坏和倒塌的概率极低,震后可修复的概率很大|而非隔震桥墩发生严重破坏的概率最大,说明其震后可修复的概率很小而产生不可修复损伤的可能性极大。     

火灾下带肋薄壁方钢管混凝土柱承载力分析

对带肋薄壁方钢管混凝土柱在火灾下的承载力进行了分析,考察了各重要参数对构件承载力影响系数的影响。结果表明:在火灾作用下,带肋薄壁方钢管混凝土柱的承载力损失较为严重,在一定参数范围内,截面尺寸、构件长细比和防火保护层厚度对火灾下构件承载力影响系数的影响较大,荷载偏心率、截面含钢率的影响次之,钢管屈服强度、加劲肋屈服强度、混凝土抗压强度的影响较小,加劲肋宽厚比在荷载比≤0.3且宽厚比≤25的情况下有一定影响。在构件外表面采用防火保护能有效提高耐火极限,而且厚涂型钢结构防火涂料的效果明显优于水泥砂浆保护层。     

FEA on hysteretic behavior of concrete-filled round-ended stainless steel tubular bridge piers

为研究圆端形不锈钢管混凝土桥墩的滞回性能,采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS,建立了圆端形不锈钢管混凝土桥墩的精细化模型,对比研究其与圆端形普通钢管混凝土桥墩受力性能的差异,并对影响其滞回性能的主要因素进行参数分析。研究发现：采用不锈钢与普通钢的圆端形钢管混凝土桥墩承载力相当,但由于不锈钢存在较为显著的应变强化现象,前者的荷载-位移曲线下降更为平缓,圆端形不锈钢管在加载后期仍能对核心混凝土提供较好的约束作用;随截面长宽比增加,圆端形不锈钢管混凝土桥墩的水平承载力明显增加,但位移延性明显下降;随含钢率增加,桥墩的抗侧刚度、水平承载力、位移延性均明显增加;随轴压比增加,桥墩水平承载力略有降低,而位移延性明显下降;而核心混凝土强度对桥墩的滞回性能影响有限。     

交叉加劲钢板剪力墙弹性屈曲研究

用有限元方法对交叉加劲钢板剪力墙的弹性屈曲性能进行了研究,重点研究了加劲肋与墙板的刚度比、墙板高厚比、边长比以及加劲肋宽厚比等对弹性屈曲系数k的影响,同时与十字加劲板的抗剪屈曲性能进行了对比。研究结果表明,设置交叉加劲肋能显著提高钢板剪力墙的弹性屈曲荷载;屈曲系数k随着墙板边长比、高厚比以及加劲肋宽厚比的增大而趋于减小;本文给出的交叉加劲板弹性屈曲系数k的计算公式与有限元法的结果较吻合。     

地震作用下宽箱鱼腹式连续梁桥地震响应分析

为了研究宽箱鱼腹式箱梁在地震作用下的动力特性,对哈尔滨市某立交桥进行动载试验,并用Midas Civil建立有限元模型,分析该桥的动力特性。通过对比理论数据与试验数据,验证模型准确性,在此基础上对模型施加地震荷载,进行非线性时程分析,研究宽箱鱼腹式连续箱梁桥在地震作用下的响应。结果表明:地震作用下宽箱鱼腹式连续梁桥主梁横向抗弯及抗扭性能较好,各阶模态变形以主梁竖弯和桥墩侧弯为主,桥梁墩高对结构的振动响应影响较大,矮墩承受较大的水平地震力,主梁在纵桥向刚度较大,导致主梁和桥墩构件纵桥向地震响应同步。该研究可以为相关类型桥梁抗震设计提供参考依据。     

薄壁空心钢箱混凝土墩抗震性能参数分析

为了研究薄壁空心钢箱混凝土墩的抗震性能,借助OpenSees软件建立有限元模型进行分析计算,将计算结果与试验结果进行比较以验证模型的有效性。在此基础上,建立薄壁空心钢箱混凝土桥墩模型,分析了不同轴压比、长细比、截面空心率、截面含钢率、混凝土抗压强度以及钢材屈服强度对该类型桥墩滞回曲线、刚度退化曲线以及滞回骨架曲线的影响规律。结果表明:薄壁空心钢箱混凝土墩具有良好的抗震性能;轴压比和长细比对薄壁空心钢箱混凝土墩的抗震性能影响较大,建议薄壁空心钢箱混凝土墩轴压比控制在0.5左右,并且在合理范围内尽量减小长细比;截面空心率和截面含钢率对薄壁空心钢箱混凝土墩的抗震性能有一定影响;在一定范围内,增大空心率与含钢率可提高桥墩抗震性能;材料强度等级对薄壁空心钢箱混凝土墩的抗震性能影响相对较小,削弱混凝土强度并增大钢材屈服强度可小幅提高其抗震性能;研究成果对薄壁空心钢箱混凝土墩在工程实践中的应用具有一定的指导意义。     

Steel bridge piers with inner cruciform plates under cyclic loading

The strength and ductility of steel bridge piers with inner cruciform plates were studied experimentally and theoretically. Three types of specimens were investigated, one with an ordinary stiffener, one with inner cruciform plates and one where the section is unstiffened, were tested under a constant compressive axial load and cyclic horizontal loads. Elasto-plastic and large displacement numerical analyses were carried out using the finite element package MARC. The effects of using inner cruciform plates on the strength and ductility of steel bridge piers were investigated where the height of the inner cruciform plate was varied in the box section bridge piers. It was found that piers with inner cruciform plates show better performance than ordinary piers with regard to ductility and energy absorption capacity.     

新京航运河大桥抗震性能分析

根据JTG/T B02-01—2008《公路桥梁抗震设计细则》,新京航运河大桥主墩高仅3.6 m,属于矮墩,其地震结构的频率很高,在E2的地震作用下混凝土又不允许出现塑性破环,因此,必须进行减隔振设计。该桥选用了在国内有过应用先例的E型钢弹塑性阻尼器作为减震设备。在地震发生时E型钢阻尼器发生弹塑性变形,从而将输入桥梁结构的大部分地震能量吸收掉,将上部结构传递至桥墩的地震力保持在一定的水平内,保证了桥墩和桩基的安全,达到减振的目的。     

不同桥墩形式对连续刚构桥地震反应的影响

以内蒙古沿黄一级公路某座在建桥梁为工程背景,借助通用大型结构分析程序MIDAS/Civil建立该桥动力分析模型,采用动态时程理论对其进行了地震反应分析。在此基础上研究了该桥的动力特性,并探讨了同类桥梁不同桥墩型式在相同地震波组合情况下桥墩墩顶位移、墩底轴力变化规律。结果表明,双肢薄壁空心墩地震响应比双肢薄壁实心墩小,更适合作为大跨度连续刚构桥墩。     

不同结构形式墩柱耗能及变形能力的比较

为考察钢筋混凝土桥墩和钢管混凝土桥墩的抗震性能,基于相同的含钢率和轴压比,首次进行了两种不同结构形式的桥墩拟静力对比试验（试件包括2个钢管混凝土墩柱和1个钢筋混凝土墩柱）,并考察了轴压比对钢管混凝土桥墩抗震性能的影响。试验结果表明,相同含钢率和轴力情况下,钢管混凝土墩柱的耗能能力和变形能力都优于钢筋混凝土墩柱,前者的耗能能力约为后者的4.5倍,变形能力约为后者的1.4倍;随着轴压比的增大,钢管混凝土墩柱延性有所下降。     

Parametric study on damage control design of SMA dampers in frame-typed steel piers

This paper focuses on damage control design of SMA dampers in steel frame piers. A parametric study based on time history analyses is carried out on frame-typed bridge piers with axial-type SMA damping device. The parameters examined are design parameters of strength ratio α_F and stiffness ratio α_K. Seismic performance indexes on displacement and strain are investigated under three JRA recommended Level 2 Ground Type П strong earthquake motions. Design recommendations are suggested following the results of the parametric study.     

自复位承插式多节段预制桥墩#br# 抗震性能数值模拟

为解决现有预制桥墩施工难度大、震后可恢复性能不足的问题,文章基于承插式桥墩与多节段桥墩的技术优点,提出一种新型自复位承插式多节段预制桥墩(RSSPP),使用耐久性好的BFRP筋和2304不锈钢钢筋,能够充分发挥承插式节点连接可靠、现场施工简单、容许误差大的特点,同时具备良好的自复位功能。基于OpenSees计算平台,使用纤维单元开展承插式桥墩和多节段桥墩模型建立与验证工作,在此基础上对RSSPP桥墩进行抗震性能研究和参数分析。研究表明：小位移下采用BFRP筋作为预应力筋相较于普通钢绞线的桥墩受力性能影响不大;提高初始预应力,能够使桥墩屈服荷载和屈服后刚度不断提高;增大不锈钢钢筋配置率对水平承载力和耗能能力提升较为明显,但也造成残余位移的增大,在实际应用中应做好自复位性能和耗能能力之间的平衡。     

钢筋混凝土桥墩延性分析与抗震能力评估

以中震为切入点,对桥墩地震需求与抗弯能力计算进行了研究,并结合算例进行了分析,结果表明：根据桥墩中震需求能力比确定合理的桥墩截面和配筋率,可以保证大震激励下桥墩核心混凝土不破碎。