The response of carbon black filled high-density polyethylene to microwave processing

Microwave processing has numerous advantages over traditional methods of heating. Most thermoplastics, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE), are nearly transparent to electromagnetic radiation. Carbon black (CB) filled HDPE was prepared in order to improve the microwave heatability of HDPE. The heating response of HDPE/CB composites to microwave exposure and the effects of this exposure on the mechanical and physical properties of material were investigated. The addition of CB particles improved the microwave heatability of HDPE, and microwave heatability of composites varied with CB content, in which an average temperatures of up to 139 °C above ambient were measured for 20 wt% CB composites after a exposure duration of 150 s. Microwave exposure had no obvious effect on rheological property of HDPE/CB composites. Mechanical properties of HDPE/CB composites are relatively improved after microwave exposure. Scanning electronic micrograph (SEM) analysis presented that the interface defects between CB particles and HDPE matrix are significantly reduced and a better combination was found after microwave exposure. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that the melt point of HDPE with CB shifted toward high temperature and degree of crystallinity increased after microwave exposure.     

The effect of partially carbonized fibers on the mechanical properties of carbon/carbon composites

The carbon/carbon (C/C) composite with satisfactory mechanical properties were obtained through introduction of partially carbonized fibers as a precursor. Applying this procedure the production cost of C/C composites may be significantly reduced. Stabilized PAN fibers were partially carbonized at temperatures ranging from 400 to 1000 °C and reinforced with phenolic resin, resole type. Cured composite were carbonized up to 1000 °C in an inert atmosphere. Monofilament tensile test strength, Young's modulus and tensile strength of partially carbonized fibers were determined. Mechanical properties of carbon/carbon composites (flexural strength and flexural modulus) determined by using three-point bending test. The effect of partially carbonized fibers on the mechanical properties of C/C composites was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) through analysis of the fracture surface. The C/C composite reinforced with partially carbonized fibers at 600 °C showed quite satisfactory flexural strength. This confirms assumptions that through co-carbonization of partially carbonized fibers and resin C/C composite with suitable mechanical properties could be obtained.     

Rapid 3D microwave printing of continuous carbon fiber reinforced plastics

Using microwave heating in 3D printing of continuous carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CCFRP) instead of the traditional resistive heating constitutes a new approach for the additive production of high performance composite components. Without the intrinsic slow speed and contact-needed heat transfer disadvantages, the instantaneous and volumetric heating benefits of microwave allows the fabrication of composites at higher speed. This paper presents the 3D microwave printing technology for CCFRP and investigates the mechanical properties of the tensile specimens that have been printed with different speeds. The printing process and mechanical properties of printed specimens are investigated and discussed.     

Preparation and properties of Cu matrix composite reinforced by carbon nanotubes

Cu matrix composites reinforced by carbon nanotubes(CNTs) were prepared. The effect of carbon nanotubes on mechanical and tribological properties of the Cu matrix composites were investigated. The chemical method for coating CNTs was reported. The morphology of the fracture surfaces and worn surface were examined by SEM.The results show that Cu/coated-CNTs composites have higher hardness, much better wear resistance and antifriction properties than those of the reference Cu alloy (Cu-10Sn) and Cu/uncoated-CNTs composite sintered under the same conditions. The optimal mechanical properties of the composites occurred at 2. 25%(mass fraction) of CNTs. The excellent wear resistance and anti-friction properties are attributed to the fiber strengthening effect of CNTs and the effect of the spherical wear debris containing carbon nanotubes on the tribo-surface.     

氧化铝包覆SrTiO3纳米纤维/聚偏氟乙烯复合材料的制备与介电储能性能

目的 通过开发出工作场强更高、储能效率更高的电介质储能材料,从而提高电力设备的性能、减小电力设备体积。方法 采用静电纺丝工艺结合溶胶凝胶工艺制备具有一维核壳结构的SrTiO3@Al2O3纳米纤维填料,并结合流延成型工艺制备出聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)电介质复合材料。系统地研究了SrTiO3纳米纤维填料表面包覆Al2O3对PVDF电介质复合材料界面极化、介电性能、储能性能的影响。结果 制备的一维纳米填料具有良好的核壳结构,其中芯层为SrTiO3,壳层为Al2O3, Al2O3包覆厚度为6 nm。低填充量下,一维核壳结构SrTiO3@Al2O3纳米纤维填料均匀地分散在PVDF基体中。在相同的体积分数填料填充下,SrTiO3@Al2O3纳米纤维/PVDF复合材料表现出更低的介电损耗和漏电流、更强的耐击穿场强、以及更高的储能密度和放电效率。SrTiO3@Al2O3纳米纤维/PVDF电介质复合材料的最大储能密度达到8.9 J/cm³。结论 Al2O3包覆层可以阻止SrTiO3纳米纤维填料在复合材料中的接触,减小Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars界面极化,降低漏电流,进而提高复合材料薄膜的击穿强度和储能性能。     

载荷下碳纤维复合材料电阻变化研究进展

碳纤维复合材料中具有良好导电性能的碳纤维相互接触形成了导电网络,在外部载荷作用下会发生分层损伤、纤维断裂等损伤或破坏,从而引起导电网络发生变化,改变导电性能,导致电阻发生变化。阐述了国内外在碳纤维复合材料常见导电理论和计算模型相关方面的研究结果,及载荷下碳纤维复合材料电阻变化的研究情况等,指出碳纤维复合材料电阻变化研究存在的不足,并提出了碳纤维复合材料电阻变化研究的趋势。     

Fiber Reinforced Polyester Resins Polymerized by Microwave Source

Polyester resin based composite materials are widely used in the manufacture of fiberglass boats. Production time of fiberglass laminate components could be strongly reduced by using an intense energy source as well as microwaves. In this work a polyester resin was used with 2% by weight of catalyst and reinforced with chopped or woven glass fabric. Pure resin and composite samples were cured by microwaves exposition for different radiation times. A three point bending test was performed on all the cured samples by using an universal testing machine and the resulting fracture surfaces were observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of mechanical and microscopy analyses evidenced that microwave activation lowers curing time of the composite while good mechanical properties were retained. Microwaves exposition time is crucial for mechanical performance of the composite. It was evidenced that short exposition times suffice for resin activation while long exposure times cause fast cross linking and premature matrix fracture. Furthermore high-radiation times induce bubbles growth or defects nucleation within the sample, decreasing composite performance. On the basis of such results microwave curing activation of polyester resin based composites could be proposed as a valid alternative method for faster processing of laminated materials employed for large-scale applications.     

涂层硬质合金刀片车削典型CFRP的工程技术研究

用相同几何结构、不同材质的2种涂层硬质合金刀片车削碳纤维增强复合材料T800H棒料,通过多分量力学传感器、压力传感器和高速摄影机监测车削过程中的切削载荷和刀具工作状态,通过光学扫描系统和数码显微系统观测分析工件已加工表面和切屑的形貌特征。结果表明:车削T800H棒料时,每种刀具都存在一个临界切削速度v_cr,在相同进给量f和恒定切削深度a_p的情况下,切削速度v_c对工件已加工表面质量影响小。实验还表明:采用硬度更高的刀具车削碳纤维,能获得更好的表面质量。      

Strengthening of copper matrix composites by nickel-coated single-walled carbon nanotube reinforcements

Mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of nickel-coated single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) reinforced copper matrix composites were investigated. The composites were fabricated by means of a powder metallurgy process, which consists of mixing nickel-coated carbon nanotubes with copper powders followed by hot-pressing. A homogeneous mixture could be obtained by the mechanical mixing process due to the similar density of nickel and copper. A high temperature displacement rate tester and a ball-on-disk device were employed to evaluate mechanical and tribological properties. Also, a four-point probe technique and a laser flash method were used to obtain electrical resistance and thermal conductivity. The mechanical and tribological properties of the copper matrix composites significantly improved by the incorporation of nickel-coated SWNT reinforcements. However, electrical resistance and thermal conductivity of the nickel-coated SWNT reinforced copper matrix composites were similar to those of the sintered nickel–copper specimens with the equivalent composition.     

SiC纤维表面去碳处理对PIP-SiCf/SiC复合材料力学性能以及界面影响

采用强度测试、SEM、HRTEM等分析测试手段对纤维表面去碳前后SiC纤维强度、复合材料力学性能、纤维表面形貌、复合材料断口形貌以及复合材料界面特征进行分析表征.结果表明,去碳处理后,纤维表面的固有缺陷暴露出来,纤维强度下降约15%,但由其制备的复合材料强度下降只有原纤维制备复合材料的1/6;复合材料断口非常平整,纤维...     

Fabrication,characterization and microwave properties of polyurethane nanocomposites reinforced with iron oxide and barium titanate nanoparticles

Polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites reinforced with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and/or dielectric barium titanate nanoparticles fabricated by the surface-initiated-polymerization approach were investigated. The polymer matrix incorporated with different nanoparticles shows different presenting status surrounding the nanoparticles, i.e., chemical bonding, physical entanglement and bulk polymer chain. The nanoparticles have a different effect on the thermal stability of the polymer nanocomposites. By embedding different functional nanoparticles, unique physical properties were observed, such as enlarged coercivity and larger dielectric constant (real permittivity). The synergistic effect of the binary nanoparticle reinforced PU nanocomposite was explored. The addition of the iron oxide nanoparticles does have some effect on the permittivity. However, little difference was observed in the magnetic properties and permeability after the introduction of the dielectric barium titanate nanoparticle into Fe₂O₃/PU nanocomposites. The permeability and permittivity of γ-Fe₂O₃ and BaTiO₃ nanoparticle reinforced PU nanocomposites were investigated with frequencies ranging from 10 MHz to 1 GHz. The predicted microwave properties from Bruggeman’s equation were consistent with the measured data, except for the real permittivity of Fe₂O₃/BaTiO₃/PU. The volume average method (VAM) usually used for fiber-reinforced composites with reinforcements in the thickness direction was applied in this nanocomposite system. The predicted real permittivity by VAM was found to be in better agreement with the measured data than that predicted by Bruggeman’s equation.     

Novel Al-matrix nanocomposites reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Novel Al-based nanocomposites reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes were produced by mechanical milling followed by pressure-less sintering at 823 K under vacuum. The interface between Al matrix and the multi-walled carbon nanotubes was examined using transmission electron microscopy. These observation showed that the multi-walled carbon nanotubes were not damaged during the preparation of the nanocomposite and that no reaction products were detected after sintering. The mechanical properties of sintered nanocomposites specimens were evaluated by a compression test. The yield stress (σ_y) and the maximum strength (σ_max) obtained were considerably higher than those reported in the literature for pure Al prepared by the same route. The values for σ_y and σ_max increase as the volume fraction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes increases. The milling time and the concentration of multi-walled carbon nanotubes have an important effect on the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite.     

纳米碳管增强镁基复合材料应力传递有限元分析

结合有限元的分析方法,建立了一个简化模型来模拟纳米碳管增强镁基复合材料在拉伸试验过程中的变形,研究了基体、增强体的应变和应力分布,以及界面对复合材料力学行为的影响,探讨了纳米碳管增强体与基体间的应力传递机制和断裂机理。模拟结果表明,纳米碳管整体上受力比较均匀,在轴向上的界面处出现应力集中;基体与纳米碳管在两端面的接触部位出现明显的应力集中,应力分布呈火焰状,中心大,逐渐向外围减小,在基体的其余部位应力大小则是相对均匀的,这说明复合材料的破坏是从界面处开始的,其破坏机制是界面脱开。     

Antistatic coating and electromagnetic shielding properties of a hybrid material based on polyaniline/organoclay nanocomposite and EPDM rubber

Thermal, mechanical, electrical and microwave radiation absorbing properties of conductive composites based on dodecylbenzenesulfonate doped polyaniline/organoclay nanocomposites and propylene–ethylidene–norbornene rubber have been investigated with special interest on the effect of the nanocomposite concentration. Composites were prepared by melt blending using an internal mixer. Morphology studies by scanning electron microscopy of cryofractured surfaces indicated that the conducting nanocomposites produced heterogeneously distributed aggregates in the continuous elastomeric matrix. The composites exhibit high conductivities, up to 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ for 40 wt.% of conducting nanocomposite, and good mechanical properties. They also present high microwave attenuation values, in the frequency range of 8–12 GHz. This property depends on the concentration of the conductive nanocomposite and on the film thickness. The composites can be used for antistatic coatings or for electromagnetic shielding.     

Ni/ZrO_2复合材料力学及介电性能研究

采用热压烧结方法,以氧化钇部分稳定氧化锆(Y-PSZ)粉体及不同粒径的金属Ni为原料,制备了Ni/ZrO2复合材料,研究了其力学和介电性能,探讨了烧结过程中Ni形貌的变化对复合材料介电性能的影响.结果表明,随不同粒径Ni粉的掺入,复合材料的抗弯强度减小,且较大粒径的Ni使材料抗弯强度减小更快.随Ni含量增加,复合材料断裂韧性增强.复合材料的介电常数和损耗与Ni粉含量和粒径有关.Ni含量相同时,较大粒径Ni粉的掺入使复合材料具有较高的介电常数和损耗,这是由于在烧结过程中Ni粉形貌发生变化引起的.     

Synthesis, characterization and microwave absorption property of doped polyaniline nanocomposites containing TiO2 nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes

As nanomaterial possessing moderate conductivity, magnetic and dielectric property, novel hexanoic acid (HA)-doped polyaniline (PAni) nanocomposites containing TiO₂ nanoparticles (dielectric filler) and carbon nanotubes, CNTs (magnetic fillers such as single-walled carbon nanotube, SWNT and multi-walled carbon nanotube, MWNT) were prepared by template free method. The PAni were characterized by UV, FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Conductivity, magnetization, dielectric and microwave absorption properties of PAni were also investigated. The resulted nanorods/tubes as shown in SEM images clearly show that polymerization is proceeded in micelle/water interface through elongation. During template free method, TiO₂ and CNT exist in the center of Ani/HA micelle. The SEM images show that some of the CNT enwrapped with PAni layer indicate CNT are just packed underneath the PAni and never attacked by PAni. PAni/HA/TiO₂/SWNT with 20% of SWNT exhibits the best microwave absorption property (99.2% absorption) with reflection loss of −21.7 dB at 6 GHz due to its moderate conductivity (1.27 S/cm), magnetization (M_s = 1.01 emu/g), highest tan δ and heterogeneity.     

Mechanical properties of Cf／Si-O-C composites prepared by hot-pressing assisted pyrolysis of polysiloxane

1　INTRODUCTIONContinuousfiberreinforcedceramicmatrixcom posites(CFRCMCs)show greattalentforovercomingthebrittlenessofmonolithicceramicsandareattrac tivematerialsforapplicationsrequiringlowmass ,highstrengthandtoughnessatelevatedtempera tures .Generally ,thereareseveralmethodstofabri cateCFRCMCs ,suchaschemicalvaporinfiltration(CVI) ,slurryinfiltrationcombinedwithhot pressing ,reactionbonding ,andpolymer infiltra tion pyrolysis(PIP) .ThePIProutehasgainedincreasingattentioninrecent…     

施镀条件和热处理对铝合金 Ni-P-SiO2 复合镀层微观结构及显微硬度的影响

目的提高Ni-P镀层的硬度。方法在化学镀Ni-P过程中添加SiO2微粒,形成Ni-P-SiO2复合镀层,研究施镀温度、微粒添加量和镀后热处理温度对复合镀层微观结构及硬度的影响。结果复合镀层含非晶结构Ni和SiO2相。随施镀温度的升高及SiO2微粒添加量的增加,镀层表面变得均匀、致密且硬度升高,显微硬度最高达355HV;当施镀温度超过80℃,微粒添加量超过10 g/L时,镀层表面均匀性变差,硬度下降。经热处理后,镀层向晶态转变,热处理温度达到300℃时开始析出Ni3P相,镀层的显微硬度随热处理温度的升高而升高。结论当施镀温度为80℃、微粒添加量为10 g/L时,所得复合镀层的性能较为优异,热处理可进一步提高复合镀层的硬度。     

国产芳纶上浆剂对聚三唑复合材料力学性能的影响

目的研究国产芳纶纤维DAF-III表面上浆剂的主要成分及其对复合材料界面性能的影响。方法用丙酮溶剂抽提纤维一定时间,分析对比去除上浆剂前后的纤维和抽提溶液,并制备DAF-III增强的聚三唑树脂复合材料,测试复合材料的力学性能。结果国产DAF-III芳纶纤维的主体结构是聚酰胺苯并咪唑,表面上浆剂主要组分是脂肪族酯类低聚物。溶剂抽提去除了纤维表面大部分上浆剂,裸露的纤维本体存在制备过程中形成的沿纤维方向的大量沟壑;去除上浆剂后,复合材料的ILSS和弯曲强度分别提高了181.2%和56.20%。结论纤维表面上浆剂对纤维以及纤维增强的复合材料力学性能影响显著,纤维与树脂通过机械锚合和氢键作用改善界面粘接。     

Mechanical properties of Cu-based composites reinforced by carbon nanotubes

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