A national survey of the microbiological quality of retail raw meats in Australia

A national survey of the microbiology of meat (ground beef and diced lamb) at the retail level in Australia was undertaken. For ground beef samples (n = 360), the mean aerobic plate count (APC) was 5.79 log CFU/g, and Escherichia coli was detected in 17.8% of samples; the mean population for these positive samples was 1.49 log CFU/g. Enterobacteriaceae were detected in 96.9% of samples (mean for positive samples, 3.01 log CFU/g), and coagulase-positive staphylococci were detected in 28.1% of samples (mean for positive samples, 2.18 log CFU/g). For diced lamb samples (n = 360), the mean APC was 5.71 log CFU/g, and E. coli was detected in 16.7% of samples (mean for positive samples, 1.67 log CFU/g). Enterobacteriaceae were detected in 91.1% of samples (mean for positive samples, 2.85 log CFU/g), and coagulase-positive staphylococci were detected in 22.5% of samples (mean for positive samples, 2.34 log CFU/g). Salmonella was recovered from 4 (1.1%) of the 360 ground beef samples (isolates were Salmonella Typhimurium phage types), and E. coli O157 was recovered from 1 (0.3%) of 357 samples; Campylobacter and Clostridium perfringens were not recovered from any of the 91 and 94 samples tested, respectively. Salmonella was recovered from 2 (0.6%) of the 360 diced lamb samples (serovars were Salmonella Infantis and Salmonella Typhimurium), Campylobacter was recovered from 1 (1.1%) of 95 samples, and C. perfringens was recovered from 1 (1.1%) of 92 samples.     

Rapid enrichment strategy for isolation of Listeria from bovine hide, carcass, and meat samples

Since the outbreak of foodborne illness linked to Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacteria in ground beef in the early 1980s, the beef processing industry has focused on increasing the safety of beef products by implementing procedures for surveying live cattle, carcasses, and beef products for bacterial pathogens. Effective methods are in place for screening cattle and beef products for the presence of E. coli O157:H7 contamination, and recent work has established the acceptability of these methods for surveillance of Salmonella. In keeping with the need to continually improve the food safety of beef products, new work investigating pathogen prevalence now includes surveillance for Listeria monocytogenes. Tryptic soy broth (TSB) has been documented as a robust nonselective medium for the enrichment of both E. coli and Salmonella from bovine hide, carcass, and meat samples. The University of Vermont modification medium is most often used as the primary enrichment medium for surveillance of Listeria spp. In this study, samples from bovine hides (n=50), preevisceration carcasses (n=50), and beef trim (n=193) were used to evaluate TSB as a primary enrichment medium for the isolation of Listeria spp., including L. monocytogenes. No significant difference (P > 0.05) between TSB and the University of Vermont modification medium was observed when all three sample types underwent primary enrichment for the isolation of Listeria spp. Furthermore, the standard secondary enrichment ratio for Fraser broth used for Listeria recovery can be modified to accommodate a high-throughput method for processing multiple samples.     

2015~2018年玉溪市售肉及肉制品细菌性污染状况调查

目的 调查2015~2018年玉溪市售肉及肉制品的细菌性污染状况。方法 采用国家标准方法对161份2015~2018年玉溪市售肉及肉制品进行细菌总数、大肠埃希氏菌、致泻大肠埃希氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、空肠弯曲菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌及产气荚膜梭菌检测分析。结果 本次调查的161件肉及肉制品中, 单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和空肠弯曲菌的总检出率依次为2.91%、9.68%、7.14%和5.22%; 冷却肉类生肉制品的致病菌检出率最高(37.04%), 与其他肉类制品的检出率间有显著性差异(P<0.05); 同一细菌性污染物指标, 在不同季度的检出率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05); 食源性致病菌中金黄色葡萄球菌超标率最高(28.57%); 城市肉类样品检出率略高于农村; 致病菌在流通环节的总检出率高于餐饮服务环节, 其差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05); 研究中的6种动物性肉类样品的细菌性污染状况不一, 其检出率间存在显著性差异(P＜0.05)。结论 2015~2018年玉溪市售肉类制品中细菌性污染较为严重, 应进一步加强相关产品的全过程监管。     

Occurrence of pathogens in raw and ready-to-eat meat and poultry products collected from the retail marketplace in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

A total of 800 meat and poultry products were purchased from the retail marketplace in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The products consisted of raw ground beef, chicken legs, pork chops, and ready-to-eat fermented sausage, roast beef, processed turkey breast, chicken wieners, and beef wieners. The samples were analyzed to determine the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter spp., and Listeria monocytogenes. Shiga toxin-producing E. coli 022: H8 was found in one raw ground beef sample. Salmonella and Campylobacter were found in 30 and 62% of raw chicken legs, respectively. L. monocytogenes was found in 52% of raw ground beef, 34% of raw chicken legs, 24% of raw pork chops, 4% of fermented sausages, 3% of processed turkey breast, 5% of beef wieners, and 3% of chicken wieners. The occurrence of pathogens in this study is similar to that in retail products in many other international locales.     

Microbiological quality of Australian beef

A survey of the microbiological quality of beef carcasses and boneless beef produced in Australia was conducted during the period June to November 1998. Sponge samples were collected from 1,275 carcasses, and meat samples were drilled from 990 cartons of frozen boneless beef. Carcass and boneless beef samples were respectively collected from 21 and 27 establishments that concentrated on export and from 38 and 3 establishments supplying the Australian domestic market of which 31 were very small plants slaughtering no more than 150 cattle equivalents per week. The mean log total viable counts (TVCs) were 2.42/cm2 and 2.52/g for carcasses and boneless meat, respectively. Escherichia coli was detected on 10.3% of carcasses and 5.1% of boneless beef samples and coagulase-positive staphylococci on 24.3% of carcasses and 17.5% of boneless beef. Salmonella was detected on 0.2% of carcasses and 0.1% of boneless beef and E. coli O157:H7 recovered from 0.1% of carcasses but not detected on 990 boneless beef samples. Mean log TVCs/cm2 differed significantly (P < 0.05) between establishment types. They were lower on carcasses from export establishments (2.20) compared with domestic (2.61) and very small plants (3.10). There were no significant differences in prevalence of Salmonella or E. coli O157:H7 between establishment types. Excision samples were taken from 670 carcasses to make comparisons with the first baseline study of Australian meat, carried out in 1993 to 1994. While there were differences in sampling and microbiological techniques between the two studies that require detailed consideration, there were small but significant improvements in several microbiological criteria for carcasses and boneless meat.     

上海地区市售生鲜肉中单核细胞增生李斯特菌和沙门氏菌的污染监测分析

目的 调查上海地区市售生鲜肉中单核细胞增生李斯特菌和沙门氏菌的污染情况。方法 2018年7月到2019年4月,从上海市88家农贸市场和42家超市抽样308件,其中鲜猪肉114件、整鸡92件、鲜牛肉102件。按食品安全国家标准分别进行单核细胞增生李斯特菌和沙门氏菌的检测,采用VITEK2全自动生化鉴定仪对疑似菌株进行鉴定确认,并对沙门氏菌分离株进行血清分型。结果 生鲜肉中单核细胞增生李斯特菌和沙门氏菌的检出率为分别为28.2%和39.6%,其中鲜牛肉（48.0%）中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的检出率显著高于猪肉（17.5%）和整鸡（19.6%）（P<0.001）,而猪肉（46.5%）和整鸡中（59.8%）沙门氏菌的检出率则显著高于牛肉（13.7%）（P<0.001）;农贸市场采集的鲜肉样品中单 核细胞增生李斯特菌（P=0.008）和沙门氏菌（P＜0.001）的污染率均显著高于超市;血清学试验结果显示122株沙门氏菌分布于21种不同血清型,其中Corvallis血清型（14.75%）流行率最高。结论 上海地区市售生鲜肉中存在较高的单核细胞增生李斯特菌和沙门氏菌的污染率,极易引发食源性疾病,建议政府监管部门加强对生鲜肉食品的监管。     

Growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium DT104, and Listeria monocytogenes in dark cutting beef at 10 or 22 degrees C.

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of the dark, firm, and dry (DFD) condition of beef on growth of the foodborne pathogens Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium DT104, and Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in ground beef. Longissimus muscles from a DFD carcass (pH = 6.45) and normal carcass (N; pH = 5.64) were ground and samples obtained (100 and 0% DFD, respectively). Equal amounts of the 0 and 100% DFD ground samples were mixed to obtain 50% DFD samples. Inoculated 0, 50, and 100% DFD samples were packaged into oxygen-permeable overwrap and stored at 10 degrees C for E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium DT104, and L. monocytogenes Scott A or at 22 degrees C for E. coli O157:H7. Growth characteristics of E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium DT104, and L. monocytogenes Scott A did not differ (P > 0.05) between 0 and 100% DFD. Results indicated that the DFD beef used in this study was no more susceptible to growth of E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, or L. monocytogenes Scott A than N beef.     

Prevalence of Salmonella enterica and the hygienic indicator Escherichia coli in raw meat at markets in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

This study investigated the hygienic status and prevalence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli in retail meat sold at open markets in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. A total of 150 samples of beef meat (n = 45), beef intestine (n = 45), mutton (n = 30), and chicken (n = 30) were collected from four local markets for investigation. The prevalence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica was 9.3%, and six serotypes, all previously unreported in Burkina Faso, were identified: Derby, Tilene, Hato, Bredeney, Agona, and Senftenberg. Most of the Salmonella isolates were sensitive to the 12 antimicrobial drugs tested. The prevalence of E. coli was 100% in all the meat types. An assessment of hygiene practices for the production, transportation, display, and vending of the meat revealed unhygienic conditions. Meat sellers had a low education level and poor knowledge of foodborne pathogens and their transmission routes. The findings showed that foodstuff handlers were in dire need of education about safe food handling practices.     

Escherichia coli O157 in cattle and sheep at slaughter, on beef and lamb carcasses and in raw beef and lamb products in South Yorkshire, UK

A 1 year study of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle and sheep at slaughter, on beef and lamb carcasses and in raw beef and lamb products from retail butchers' shops was performed in the Sheffield area. Each month, samples of rectal faeces were collected immediately after slaughter from 400 cattle and 600 sheep, and 400-430 samples of raw meat products were purchased from butchers' shops. Meat samples were also obtained from 1500 beef and 1500 lamb carcasses. All samples were examined for E. coli O157 by enrichment culture, immunomagnetic separation and culture of magnetic particles onto cefixime tellurite sorbitol MacConkey agar. Raw meat products were also examined for numbers of generic E. coli by a standard membrane culture method. E. coli O157 was isolated from 620 (12.9%) of 4800 cattle, 100 (7.4%) of 7200 sheep, 21 (1.4%) of 1500 beef carcasses, 10 (0.7%) of 1500 lamb carcasses and from 22 (0.44%) of 4983 raw meat products. E. coli O157 was isolated more frequently from lamb products (0.8%) than from beef products (0.4%). Numbers of generic E. coli in meat products reached seasonal peaks in July and August with counts of > 10(4)/g occurring more frequently in lamb products (50.8 and 42.4%, respectively) than in beef products (19.3 and 23.8%, respectively). The majority of E. coli O157 strains, from animals, carcasses and meat samples, were isolated during the summer. Most were verocytotoxigenic as determined by Vero cell assay and DNA hybridisation, eaeA gene positive and contained a 92 kb plasmid. The isolates were compared with 66 isolates from human cases over the same period. A combination of phage type, toxin genotype and plasmid analysis allowed subdivision of all the E. coli O157 isolates into 96 subtypes. Of these subtypes, 53 (55%) were isolated only from bovine faecal samples. However, 61 (92%) of the 66 isolates from humans belonged to 13 subtypes which were also found in the animal population.     

Pathogen testing of ready-to-eat meat and poultry products collected at federally inspected establishments in the United States, 1990 to 1999

The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) conducted microbiological testing programs for ready-to-eat (RTE) meat and poultry products produced at approximately 1,800 federally inspected establishments. All samples were collected at production facilities and not at retail. We report results here for the years 1990 through 1999. Prevalence data for Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, or staphylococcal enterotoxins in nine different categories of RTE meat and poultry products are presented and discussed. The prevalence data have certain limitations that restrict statistical inferences, because these RTE product-testing programs are strictly regulatory in nature and not statistically designed. The cumulative 10-year Salmonella prevalences were as follows: jerky, 0.31%; cooked, uncured poultry products, 0.10%; large-diameter cooked sausages, 0.07%; small-diameter cooked sausages, 0.20%; cooked beef, roast beef, and cooked corned beef, 0.22%; salads, spreads, and patés, 0.05%; and sliced ham and luncheon meat, 0.22%. The cumulative 3-year Salmonella prevalence for dry and semidry fermented sausages was 1.43%. The cumulative 10-year L. monocytogenes prevalences were as follows: jerky, 0.52%; cooked, uncured poultry products, 2.12%; large-diameter cooked sausages, 1.31%; small-diameter cooked sausages, 3.56%; cooked beef, roast beef, and cooked corned beef, 3.09%; salads, spreads, and patés, 3.03%; and sliced ham and luncheon meat, 5.16%. The cumulative 3-year L. monocytogenes prevalence for dry and semidry fermented sausages was 3.25%. None of the RTE products tested for E. coli O157:H7 or staphylococcal enterotoxins was positive. Although FSIS and the industry have made progress in reducing pathogens in these products, additional efforts are ongoing to continually improve the safety of all RTE meat and poultry products manufactured in federally inspected establishments in the United States.     

2016~2018年云南省肉类制品致病菌污染状况调查分析

目的 了解云南省2016~2018年肉类制品中4种致病菌包括单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌以及弯曲菌的污染情况。方法 2016~2018年, 在云南省16个地州市采集生肉、熟肉以及动物血液及制品3类肉类制品共2142件, 按照GB/T 4789-2010、GB/T 4789-2016《食品卫生微生物学检验》方法及检测技术要求进行致病菌的监测。结果 2016~2018年, 在4981份样品中共检出阳性致病菌378株, 总检出率为7.59%, 其中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌和弯曲菌3年的平均检出率依次为4.45%、8.30%、9.06%、8.97%; 散装样品致病菌平均检出率7.77% (369/4749)高于预包装(3.91%; 9/230); 生肉制品致病平均检出率(5.32%、13.6%、13.00%、9.65%)明显高于熟肉制品(3.88%、2.72%、2.14%、1.94%)。结论 2016~2018年云南省肉类制品中沙门氏菌污染最严重, 而单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌检出率最低。为减少食源性疾病的发生率, 应加强肉类制品在包装、贮存、运输和烹饪过程中的监督管理, 保障国民的食品安全和健康。     

Thermal inactivation studies of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat chicken-fried beef patties

Thermal inactivation studies were used to determine the D- and z-values of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat chicken-fried beef patties. Inoculated meat was packaged in sterile bags, which were immersed in a circulated water bath and held at 55, 57.5, 60, 62.5, 65, 67.5, and 70 degrees C for different lengths of time. D- and z-values were determined with a linear regression model. Average D-values at temperatures 55 to 70 degrees C were 27.62 to 0.04 min for E. coli 0157:H7, 67.68 to 0.22 min for Salmonella, and 81.37 to 0.31 min for L. monocytogenes. The z-values were 5.2 degrees C for E. coli O157:H7, 6.0 degrees C for Salmonella, and 6.1 degrees C for L. monocytogenes. The results of this study can be used by food processors to validate their processes and help eliminate pathogenic bacteria associated with chicken-fried beef products.     

Incidence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes in retail fresh ground beef, sprouts, and mushrooms

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), E. coli O157, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes in retail food samples from Seattle, Wash. A total of 2,050 samples of ground beef (1,750 samples), mushrooms (100 samples), and sprouts (200 samples) were collected over a 12-month period and analyzed for the presence of these pathogens. PCR assays, followed by culture confirmation were used to determine the presence or absence of each organism. Of the 1,750 ground beef samples analyzed, 61 (3.5%) were positive for EHEC, and 20 (1.1%) of these were positive for E. coli O157. Salmonella was present in 67 (3.8%) of the 1,750 ground beef samples. Of 512 ground beef samples analyzed, 18 (3.5%) were positive for L. monocytogenes. EHEC was found in 12 (6.0%) of the 200 sprout samples, and 3 (1.5%) of these yielded E. coli O157. Of the 200 total sprout samples, 14 (7.0%) were positive for Salmonella and none were positive for L. monocytogenes. Among the 100 mushroom samples, 4 (4.0%) were positive for EHEC but none of these 4 samples were positive for E. coli O157. Salmonella was detected in 5 (5.0%) of the mushroom samples, and L. monocytogenes was found in 1 (1.0%) of the samples.     

Multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in meat samples

A multiplex PCR method was developed for simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in meat samples. DNA detection sensitivity for this method was 10(3) CFU/ml for each pathogen. When this protocol was used for the detection of each of the above pathogenic bacteria in spiked pork samples, 1 cell per 25 g of inoculated sample could be detected within 30 h. In the samples of naturally contaminated meat, Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, and E. coli O157:H7 were detected over the same time period. Excellent agreement was obtained for the results of multiplex PCR and the conventional culture method, which suggests that the multiplex PCR is a reliable and useful method for rapid screening of meat products for Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, and E. coli O157:H7 contamination.     

Antimicrobial resistance profile of five major food-borne pathogens isolated from beef, pork and poultry

This study was performed to evaluate the resistance rate against antimicrobials of food isolates of the five major food-borne pathogens to compare these and to possibly distinguish a pattern. A total of 922 samples of the major meat species (pork, beef and poultry) were analysed for thermophilic Campylobacter, Salmonella, Yersinia enterocolitica, pathogenic Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Isolates were subjected to antimicrobial resistance testing by the disc diffusion method. Roughly the same overall rate of resistance was identified for thermophilic Campylobacter, Salmonella and pathogenic E. coli. Resistance to quinolones and tetracycline was determined most frequently. In contrast, food isolates of Y. enterocolitica and L. monocytogenes were rarely tested resistant. The significance of our findings is that resistance rates in enteric bacteria seem to be much higher than in pathogens found in a variety of environments, closely associated to the host environment.     

Comparison of the microbial populations of retail beef and pork

Retail samples of beef mince, beef rump, pork mince and pork rump were enumerated for total plate count, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and Trichinella spiralis. Total plate counts were similar for all samples; however, the populations of coliforms and Staphylococcus aureus were higher in minced meats than in rumps (P < 0·05). Minced pork was found to carry higher loads of Staphylococcus aureus than any other meat (P < 0·05). Salmonella and Trichinella spiralis were not detected in any sample.     

Microbiological contamination of raw beef trimmings and ground beef

To survey the microbiological quality of beef trimmings and final-ground beef, samples were collected from eight commercial grinding facilities, including trimmings from fed-cattle, culled-beef cows, culled-dairy cows, imported-beef trimmings and finished-ground products. Trim samples (core and purge) and ground product samples (n=586) were evaluated for aerobic plate (APC), total coliform (TCC), Escherichia coli (ECC) and Staphylococcus aureus counts and the presence of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. As fat content in the trimmings increased, APC also increased. Trimmings from fed-cattle had higher (P<0.05) APC and TCC than trimmings from culled-beef cows, culled-dairy cows and imported trimmings. Purge samples produced higher (P<0.05) APC, TCC and ECC than core samples, but there were no difference (P>0.05) across fat percentages in APC, TCC, ECC or S. aureus counts. Final-ground beef samples had a 13.6 and 1.5 % incidence of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp., respectively. The results of this study indicate specific areas of potential that ground beef processors could capitalize upon to further improve the microbiological quality of their finished product. Ground beef processors should focus their efforts on reducing the microbial counts on incoming raw materials, especially those containing large proportions of subcutaneous fat, and processors should no longer incorporate the purge component of raw materials into ground beef. From this study, it is also apparent that ground beef processors should implement sanitation and manufacturing procedures that address L. monocytogenes contamination.     

2015~2017 年烟台市某肉制品生产企业的生产 加工环节致病菌检测及分布特征分析

目的 了解2015~2017 年烟台市熟肉制品各生产环节致病菌污染状况及病原分布特征。方法 监测项目为菌落总数、大肠菌群、金黄色葡萄球菌、李斯特菌属、沙门氏菌, 检测方法依据《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验》各项标准进行, 空气参照GB/T 16294-2010《医药工业洁净室沉降菌的测试方法》。结果 427份样品中, 检出致病菌75 株, 致病菌总体污染率为17.56%。单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌35 株, 其中25 株来源于环境样品, 占总检出率的71.42%; 金黄色葡萄球菌26 株, 16 株来源于原辅料, 占总检出率为23.19%; 沙门 菌19 株, 全部来源于原辅料。结论 金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌的主要检出来源于原辅料样品,单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌主要检出来源于环境样品,因此提高原辅料采购管理要求,并加强原辅料质量管理,同时加强对生产环境消毒力度。     

Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant enterobacteriaceae isolated from chicken and pork meat purchased at the slaughterhouse and at retail in Bavaria, Germany

The purpose of this study was to investigate chicken and pork meat sampled at the slaughterhouse and at retail for differences in the presence of antibiotic resistant Gram-negative bacteria. For this aim, Escherichia coli (n=677), Enterobacter spp. (n=167), Citrobacter spp. (n=83), Serratia spp. (n=116), Klebsiella spp. (n=125), and Salmonella spp. (n=89) were isolated from 500 chicken and 500 pork samples purchased at the slaughterhouse and at retail (in the same amounts) in Germany. Salmonella were present in 17% of the chicken, and in 0.4% of the pork meat samples. There was a clear shift in the spectrum of coliforms from slaughterhouse to retail: Enterobacter, Citrobacter and Klebsiella were the most frequently detected coliforms (other than E. coli) from slaughterhouse samples, whereas the prevalence of Serratia spp. was up to eight times higher in retail samples. The prevalence of E. coli was higher in slaughterhouse samples, whereas the prevalence of other coliforms and Salmonella spp. was higher in retail samples. E. coli strains were often resistant to penicillins, streptomycin, spectinomycin, doxycycline and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. Resistance rates of the other coliforms were generally low. Resistant and multi-resistant isolates were significantly more common in chicken meat. Compared to samples from the slaughterhouse, the prevalence of resistant bacteria tended to be higher in retail samples, probably due to good conditions for resistant bacteria on the matrix meat and/or due to secondary contamination with resistant strains. Therefore, stringent hygiene measures should be observed to reduce the risk of transmission of resistant bacteria from food to humans.     

北京市售鸽肉中大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌分离鉴定及耐药性分析

目的对北京市售鸽肉中大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌进行分离鉴定,并对分离菌株进行抗生素耐药性分析。方法使用缓冲蛋白胨水增菌液淋洗肉鸽样品后,使用大肠杆菌(E.coli,EC)增菌肉汤和丹麦国家血清研究院(Statens Serum Institute, SSI)肠道细菌琼脂分离大肠杆菌,使用四硫磺酸盐(tetrasulfonate, TT)增菌肉汤和木糖赖氨酸脱氧胆盐(xyloselysinedeoxycholate,XLD)琼脂平板分离沙门氏菌,使用生化鉴定进行可疑菌确认。参照CLSI2016版推荐的肉汤稀释法,测定15种抗生素对所分离大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的最低抑菌浓度(minimalinhibitory concentrations,MICs)。结果样品(n=200)中大肠杆菌(n=104)检出率为52.0%,沙门氏菌(n=41)检出率为21.0%。所分离的42株沙门氏菌菌株均对头孢他啶、氨曲南、厄他培南和替加环素敏感,对氨苄西林、萘啶酸、环丙沙星、四环素、复方新诺明和氯霉素的耐药率在30%以上,部分菌株对头孢噻肟(4.8%)和黏菌素(2.4%)耐药。所分离的104株大肠杆菌菌株均对替加环素敏感,对氨苄西林、头孢噻肟、氨曲南、萘啶酸、环丙沙星、四环素、复方新诺明、氯霉素和卡那霉素的耐药率在30%以上,部分菌株对头孢他啶(2.9%)、厄他培南和(1.0%)和黏菌素(9.6%)耐药。结论北京市售鸽肉是耐药大肠杆菌和沙门菌的重要储存库,相较于我国其他地区市售猪肉,鸡肉,牛肉等分离的耐药菌株,表现出不同的耐药谱,耐药率相对较低,但是北京市售鸽肉所携带的菌株已经累积了复杂的耐药特征,有必要对其中存在的耐药机制进行系统研究。