Cr12MoV钢的高功率半导体激光表面硬化

应用高功率半导体激光器对Cr12MoV钢表面进行硬化处理。研究了扫描速度、加热温度以及搭接率等工艺参数对Cr12MoV钢表面硬度以及淬硬层深度的影响。试验结果表明,当扫描速度固定时,随着加热温度的升高,表面硬度和淬硬层深度增加;当加热温度固定时,随着扫描速度的升高,表面硬度和淬硬层深度下降;搭接率为30%时,表面硬度的波动幅度最小。     

40CrNiMoA钢激光相变硬化技术

研究了40CrNiMoA钢激光淬火工艺参数与硬化层深度及硬度之间的相互关系，以及淬硬层微观结构特征。结果表明，随着光斑扫描速度的提高，硬化层深度降低，表面硬度存在一个极大值；随着激光功率的升高，硬化层深度增加，表面硬度也存在一个极大值，激光淬火硬化层依其组织特征，分为完全淬硬区，过渡区及高温回火区。     

激光相变硬化对45钢表面硬度的影响

对45钢表面进行激光淬火实验,采用认识法和正交法分析电流、脉宽、频率等因素变化对相变区硬度的影响规律。通过选取最佳工艺参数,为达到最优硬化效果提供依据。     

基于ANSYS的塑料模具钢激光相变硬化数值模拟

采用有限单元法对激光相变硬化三维瞬态温度场进行数值模拟,利用ANSYS的APDL语言编写了温度场计算程序,分别计算了一定工艺条件下SM45钢和3Cr2MnNiMo钢激光相变硬化处理过程的三维瞬态温度场并预测了激光相变硬化层的厚度。分析中还分别考虑了不动热源和移动热源的情况,并把在两种情况下得到的硬化层作了比较。     

32SiMnMoVA低合金超高强度钢激光相变硬化机理

研究了32SiMnMoVA低合金超高强度钢激光相变硬化后淬硬层的显微硬度分布和组织结构，探讨了其激光相变硬化机理，结果表明．激光淬硬层显微硬度分布主要与激光加热时所产生的温度场分布有关，激光相变硬化机理主要是马氏体强化和晶粒细化。     

AerMet100超高强度钢激光相变硬化研究

对AerMet100超高强度钢进行了激光相变硬化试验,并对淬硬层的显微硬度分布及其物相变化进行了测试与分析.结果表明,激光相变硬化后淬硬层的硬度得到提高,比基体提高了约200 HV0.2;在同样的激光处理工艺条件下,经激光相变硬化后原始状态为淬火态试样的淬硬层的硬度和深度比退火态试样的要高和深;相变硬化后,随着回火时间的延长,逆转变奥氏体含量增多,硬化层硬度降低.     

相变温度对珠光体轨钢组织和性能的影响

通过在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机上的模拟加热和冷却实验,研究了在不同温度下珠光体等温转变后,珠光体轨钢的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:随着等温温度的升高,相同奥氏体化温度下,相变后珠光体组织中珠光体域的尺寸也随之增大,珠光体片间距随相变温度的升高也逐渐增大。实验钢的力学性能测定结果表明,硬度随着相变温度的升高,呈直线下降趋势;室温冲击韧度随等温温度的升高,也呈下降趋势。从珠光体转变机理方面,对上述关系进行了分析,阐明了相变温度对控制珠光体钢轨组织和性能的影响。     

Predictive modeling and experimental results for laser hardening of AISI 1536 steel with complex geometric features by a high power diode laser

This paper presents predictive modeling and experimental results on laser hardening of AISI 1536 steel shafts with a complex geometric feature. A three-dimensional thermal model is used to predict the workpiece temperature distribution, which is coupled to a two-dimensional kinetic model to predict the resultant hardness and phase distribution. Surface temperature measurements are performed to validate the thermal model, while the kinetic model is validated through furnace hardening and laser hardening experiments. A 2.5-mm case depth is achieved on simple geometry parts, while a 1.5-mm case depth is obtained on parts with a groove of 2.0-mm radius. The case hardness values and distributions show good agreement with predicted results and are found to be uniform throughout, with the values between 55 and 57 in Rockwell C.     

激光相变硬化在Cr12汽车模具材料表面强化中的应用研究

利用不同的激光工艺参数对汽车模具Cr12材料表面进行激光相变硬化试验,探讨了激光工艺参数对激光相变硬化层深度的影响,研究了横向和沿深度方向显微硬度的分布情况以及硬化层的组织结构的变化。研究结果表明,采取适当的工艺措施,表面硬度在不同程度上都得到了提高,同时可以消除表面裂纹,从而成倍地提高了汽车模具的使用寿命。     

Predictive modeling and experimental results for residual stresses in laser hardening of AISI 4140 steel by a high power diode laser

A predictive model for residual stresses induced in a laser hardened workpiece of AISI 4140 steel with no melting has been developed and experimentally verified. A transient three-dimensional thermal and kinetic model is first solved to obtain the temperature and solid phase history of the workpiece, which is then sequentially coupled to a three-dimensional stress model to predict residual stresses. The phase transformation strains are added to the thermal strains at each time step during the heating and cooling cycles to obtain the resultant residual stresses in the workpiece. The importance of considering phase transformation has been explained through the comparison of the magnitudes of residual stresses with and without the inclusion of phase transformation kinetics. The model predicted strong compressive residual stresses of about 200 MPa in the heat affected zone due to austenite-to-martensite transformation. The predictions matched well with the X-ray diffraction measurements.     

过共析钢轨钢的连续冷却转变行为

以碳含量(质量分数)大于0.9％的过共析钢轨钢为研究对象,采用L78淬火膨胀仪研究了其在连续冷却过程中的微观组织及力学性能演变规律,并建立了过共析钢轨钢的连续冷却曲线,为制定过共析钢轨钢的合理轧后冷却工艺提供了理论依据.结果表明:当冷却速度在5～10℃/s内时,能够有效减少渗碳体与马氏体等异常组织的产生以及细化珠光体的...     

An experimentally based thermo-kinetic hardening model for high power direct diode laser cladding

High power direct diode laser (HPDDL) based cladding is found to be an economical process for repairing or building valued components and tools that are used in the automotive, aerospace, nuclear and defense industries. In this study, a 2-kW HPDDL of 808 nm in wavelength, rectangular-shaped laser spot of 12 mm × 1 mm with uniform distribution (top-hat) of laser power is used to carry out the experiments. An off-axis powder injection system is used to deposit tool steel H13 on the AISI 4140 steel substrate. A number of experiments are carried out by changing the laser power and scanning speeds while keeping a constant powder feed rate to produce different sizes of clad. An experimentally based finite element (FE) thermal model is developed to predict the cross-sectional temperature history of the cladding process. The temperature-dependent material properties and phase change kinetics are taken into account in this model. As-used experimental boundary conditions are adopted in this model. The acquired temperature history from the FE model is used to predict the temperature gradient, rates of heating and cooling cycles, and the solidification of the clad to the substrate. The FE thermal model results are coupled with thermo-kinetic (TK) equations to predict the hardness of the clad to the substrate. Metallurgical characterization and hardness measurements are performed to quantify the effect of processing parameters on the variation of clad geometry, microstructure, and the change of hardness of the clad to the substrate. The results show that a good metallurgically bonded clad of hardness uniformity is achieved.     

Laser transformation hardening on rod-shaped carbon steel by Gaussian beam

Laser transformation hardening(LTH) is one of the laser surface modification processes. The surface hardening of rod-shaped carbon steel (SM45C) was performed by lathe-based laser composite processor with Gaussian-beam optical head. The LTH characteristics by dominant processes, longitudinal and depth directional hardness distributions and behaviors of phase transformation in hardened zones were examined. Especially, two concepts of circumferential speed and theoretical overlap rate were applied. When laser power increased or circumferential speed decreased, the surface hardening depth gradually increases due to the increased heat input. Moreover, the longitudinal hardness distribution particularly shows periodicity of repetitive increase and decrease, which results from tempering effect by overlap. Finally, the feasibility of laser transformation hardening is verified by using the beam with Gaussian intensity distribution.     

钢轨高效化闪光焊技术

高速轨道工程建设急需钢轨高效化焊接技术。详细对比分析了国内外钢轨焊接技术与装备资料．给出了我国引进K型主流焊机焊轨工艺及试验结果,得出钢轨焊接采用脉动闪光焊工艺能够提高2-4倍的焊接效率。     

U74钢轨强化处理工艺的开发

开发了U74钢轨风．水双介质冷却工艺,研究了钢轨采用该工艺后的组织与性能。结果表明,采用风压0．15MPa、水量75L／h、冷却时间50～55s的工艺后,钢轨具有良好的综合力学性能和组织结构,满足铁道行业标准要求。     

50AT尖轨感应淬火的数值模拟

通过对尖轨轨头进行中频感应淬火处理,可提高其强度、耐磨性及延长尖轨寿命。轨头淬火后,会产生较大的残余应力。通过建立50AT尖轨模型,进行淬火模拟仿真得到淬火后残余应力分布,并采用盲孔测应力法对比验证应力结果。结果表明:轨底中部残余应力值较大,尖端部分残余应力值较小;选择轨底相同位置测点,得到模拟仿真应力值与实测应力相差较小。试验结果可用于指导尖轨淬火后残余应力的消除及振动时效时激振器的放置位置。