新时代冶金工程专业人才培养现状和改革探索

分析了新时代背景下我国冶金工程专业招生现状以及毕业生就业现状,指出我国冶金工程专业招生及毕业生就业面临着严峻的挑战,冶金工程专业人才培养模式亟需进行改革。针对冶金工程专业招生及毕业生就业现状,从提高生源质量以及改善人才培养环节两个方面提出了加大冶金学科宣传力度、创新人才培养模式以及培养企业亟需人才等相应的对策。     

大连轻工业学院硅酸盐专业情况简介

大连轻工业学院硅酸盐专业成立于1958年,为四年制。1962年开始有第一期毕业生,当时的专业面比较宽,包括玻璃、陶瓷、搪瓷等,以后逐步确定以玻璃、陶瓷为重点。1966因文革停止招生,直到1973年开始招收工农兵学员,学制为三年。粉碎“四人帮”后,恢复了招生制度,1977年开始通过高考招生,学制为四年。专业培养目标是培养德、智、体全面发展的轻工硅酸盐工程的高级技术人材。毕业     

广东轻工业职业技术学院高分子材料加工技术专业

广东轻工业职业技术学院创建于1933年，是广东省全日制普通高校，校园占地100万多平方米，在校生约15000人。高分子材料加工技术专业（原名塑料加工专业）是学院老牌专业之一，创办于1960年，培养的毕业生遍及全国各机关、企业和科研机构。     

师范院校中应用型本科专业人才培养方案实施过程中存在的问题及对策研究

随着我国高校整合的一体化,越来越多的师范院校中开设了应用型本科专业,这些专业的开设,可以拓宽学校的招生范围,增加毕业生的就业面,为地区经济发展和社会进步做出贡献。同时,应用型专业大多是工科类专业,会与传统师范院校的教学过程、培养模式产生巨大的冲击,办学过程中会遇到许多难题。本文依托包头师范学院校级教学改革课题,针对近10年来本校应用化学专业在招生、人才培养、毕业生就业等方面的相关问题进行了归纳整理,提出了可能的对策和方法,以期对后续的办学过程以及其他院校的培养过程有参考意义。     

面向社会办学 给化工学校注入生机与活力

河北化工学校建于1911年,至今已有八十多年的历史,目前,学校建筑面积超过4万平方米,在校生规模1600多人,设有无机化工、有机化工、化工分析、化工机械、化工仪表、企业管理及计算机应用六个专业。校内有雄厚的师资力量(高讲38人、讲师56人)完善的教学设施(各类实验室三十多个及语言室和电教中心)。     

地方高校制药工程专业人才培养状况调查

本文阐述了制药工程本科专业点的设置与分布、招生情况、就业分配去向、专业设置方式以及课程设置情况,探讨了地方院校制药工程专业教育改革与发展思路.     

基于专业群建设缓解高职高专化工专业招生困境的途径

随着社会经济体制改革的不断深入,对化工各种人才需求也日益增加。近些年,苏北高职高专的化工专业面临招生困境,培养学生的数量远远不能满足化工企业对各类化工人才的需求,各高校通过各种途径解决招生困境。本文是基于专业群建设人才培养中的课程改革、社会实践能力的创新、产学研与工学结合的升级、毕业生就业水平的提高等途径来缓解化工专业所面临的招生困境。     

景德镇陶瓷学院今年美术专业校考报名人数创新高

正日前,记者从景德镇陶瓷学院招生就业处了解到,该校2014年美术专业校考考务工作顺利完成。2014年,陶院美术专业本科计划招生1030名,专业涵盖陶瓷艺术设计、雕塑、美术学等10个专业。招生面向全国,在北京、成都等18个城市设立了考点。景德镇陶瓷学院作为教育部确定的31年独立设置的本科艺术院校之一,以悠久的办学历史、浓郁的陶瓷文化氛围、雄厚的师资力量和良好的就业情况,吸引了众多考生报考。从1月13日开始,省外招考历时37天,共有37256人报考陶院,较2013年增加313人,在去年报名人数创历史新高的基础上,今年再创历史新高。     

我国化工工程师需求、现状与本科化工类专业招生关系研究

文章围绕石油和化工行业六大关键领域，分析了我国化工工程师的需求情况，并对我国化工工程师群体数量进行了统计：在明确人才署求的基础上，对我国本科化工类专业招生情况(即人才供给)进行了分析，建立招生指数模型，梳理了我国化工类专业历年人才供给情况；在分析人才需求与供给关系的基础上，就如何促进化工类专业招生、加强人才供给提出了建议。     

“过程装备与控制工程”专业课程体系改革的实践和探索

专业建设是高校教学改革的一个重要组成部分,而课程体系建设又是专业建设的重要一环,我院坚持从适应社会主义现代化建设的需要和21世纪对人才培养的需要,及培养基础扎实、知识面宽、能力强、素质高、富于创新精神的新型人才的要求出发,广泛征求本专业毕业生的意见和建议,积极吸取兄弟院校相同专业的办学经验,集思广益,深入细致地讨论研究,进行了积极的探索和实践。 一、新的名称,新的挑战 “过程装备与控制工程”专业原名“化工机械与设备”,1998年由教育部确定了新的专业名称。化机专业是我院的一个老专业,迄今已招生21届,培养了1460多名毕业生。长期的教学实践使我们积累了一定的经验,教学大纲、教学计划、教学     

Laminar‐forced convection mass transfer to ordered and disordered single layer arrays of spheres

Laminar forced convection mass transfer to single layers of equidistantly and nonequidistantly spaced spheres perpendicular to the flow direction is studied. Average Sherwood numbers are reported as a function of geometric configurations and flow conditions, for open frontal area fractions between 0.25 and 0.95, Schmidt numbers between 0.7 and 10, and Reynolds numbers (based on the sphere diameter and the free stream velocity) between 0.1 and 100. For equidistantly spaced arrays of spheres, a general analytical expression is proposed for the average Sherwood number as a function of the Reynolds number, Schmidt number and the open frontal area fraction, as well as asymptotic scaling rules for small and large Reynolds. For all studied Schmidt numbers, equidistant arrays exhibit decreasing average Sherwood numbers for decreasing open frontal area fractions at low Reynolds numbers. For high Reynolds numbers, the Sherwood number approaches that of a single sphere, independent of the open frontal area fraction. For equal open frontal area fractions, the Sherwood number in nonequidistant arrays is lower than in equidistant arrays for intermediate Reynolds numbers. For very low and high Reynolds numbers, nonuniformity does not influence mass transfer. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1400–1408, 2013     

Estimation of the size of a finite population in sequatial sampling:truncatedcombinatiorial numbers

This note considers the problem of unbiased estimation of the size of a finite population, or the number of equiprobable classes in a population, when sequential sampling plans are aplied. Combinatorial numbers, e.g., Stirling numbers of the second kind or Lah numbers, occurring in sampling distributions when the sample size is fixed, have to be adjusted to take into account the stopping rule. This requires the concept of a truncated combinatorial number, and linearly truncated Stirling numbers and Lah numbers are instances discussed here. UMVU estimators of population size are expressible in terms of ratios of such truncated combiantorial numbers.     

HEAT TRANSFER TO SPHERES AT LOW TO INTERMEDIATE REYNOLDS NUMBERS

The Navier-Stokes equation and the energy equation are solved using the Galerkin finite element method for flow past a solid sphere at low to intermediate Reynolds numbers. The calculated results are compared with exact theories valid for small or large Peclet numbers. A correlation is provided to predict the numerical results for ranges of Prandtl number from 0.001 to 1000 and Reynolds numbers from 1 to 100. A new correlation is proposed that matches the theoretical results at low Peclet numbers, the numerical results at intermediate Peclet numbers, and the existing experimental data at intermediate to high Peclet numbers.     

Mass/heat transfer from a neutrally buoyant sphere in simple shear flow at finite Reynolds and Peclet numbers

Theoretical analyses of mass/heat transfer from a neutrally buoyant particle in simple shear flow indicate that mass/heat must diffuse across a region of closed streamlines of finite thickness at zero Reynolds number, whereas spiraling streamlines allow the formation of a thin mass transfer boundary layer at small but non‐zero Reynolds numbers (Subramanian and Koch, Phys Rev Lett. 2006;96:134503; Subramanian and Koch, Phys Fluids. 2006;18: 073302). This article presents the first numerical results for mass/heat transfer at finite Reynolds and Peclet numbers. The simulations indicate that fluid particles in the flow‐gradient plane spiral away from the particle for Reynolds numbers smaller than about 2.5 while they spiral toward the particle for higher Reynolds numbers. Solutions of the Navier‐Stokes equations coupled with a boundary layer analysis of mass transfer yield predictions for the rate of mass transfer at asymptotically large Peclet numbers and Reynolds numbers up to 10. Simulations of mass transfer for zero Reynolds number and finite Peclet numbers confirm Acrivos' (Acrivos, J Fluid Mech. 1971;46:233–240) prediction that the Nusselt number approaches a finite value with increasing Peclet number. Simulations at finite Reynolds numbers and Peclet numbers up to 10,000 confirm the theoretical predictions for the concentration gradient at the particle surface at angular positions away from the flow‐gradient plane. However, the wake near the flow‐gradient plane remains too large at this Peclet number to yield a quantitative agreement of the overall rate of mass transfer with the theory for asymptotically large Peclet number. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011     

Computation of forced convection in slow flow through ducts and packed beds—I extensions of the graetz problem

A computational study of forced convection processes in ducts and packed beds at low Reynolds numbers has been made. The results give a better understanding of these processes, especially for small Peclet numbers. It is demonstrated that two distinct forms of Nusselt numbers are relevant for low Peclet numbeRs. One, used mostly by theorists, is related to the local driving force; the other, used mostly by experimentalists, is related to easily measurable temperatures and concentrations. As an example the Graetz problem has been solved numerically over a wide range of Peclet numbers, and new asymptotes have been obtained for the region of small Peclet numbers.     

STEADY FILMWISE CONDENSATION ON A FINITE-SIZE HORIZONTAL DISK IN A HOMOGENEOUS POROUS LAYER

This study employs a boundary layer approximation to solve steady filmwise condensation in a homogeneous porous layer near a cold finite-size horizontal disk. Numerical solutions are obtained using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme with a shooting method. A theoretical analysis is performed to predict the influence of suction effects on the rate of condensation heat transfer. The dimensionless average Nusselt number and the thickness of the dimensionless liquid film on the disk surface are examined at various Darcy numbers, Jakob numbers, Prandtl numbers, modified Rayleigh numbers, and suction parameters. Finally, an algebraic correlation function is presented for the average Nusselt number based on the obtained numerical results.     

STEADY FILMWISE CONDENSATION ON A FINITE-SIZE HORIZONTAL DISK IN A HOMOGENEOUS POROUS LAYER

This study employs a boundary layer approximation to solve steady filmwise condensation in a homogeneous porous layer near a cold finite-size horizontal disk. Numerical solutions are obtained using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme with a shooting method. A theoretical analysis is performed to predict the influence of suction effects on the rate of condensation heat transfer. The dimensionless average Nusselt number and the thickness of the dimensionless liquid film on the disk surface are examined at various Darcy numbers, Jakob numbers, Prandtl numbers, modified Rayleigh numbers, and suction parameters. Finally, an algebraic correlation function is presented for the average Nusselt number based on the obtained numerical results.     

Viscous flow through particle assemblages at intermediate reynolds numbers — a cell model for transport in bubble swarms

The fluid mechanical behaviour of a bubble swarm was simulated using a cell model. The Navier-Stokes equations were solved numerically for the liquid flow in a uniform assemblage of circulating, spherical bubbles. Ranges of parameters studied included, Reynolds numbers, 0–1000 and porosities, 0.4–1. The numerical calculations show the effects of variations in Reynolds numbers and porosity on: surface vorticity and pressure distributions and form and friction drag coefficients. For all Reynolds numbers investigated a standing vortex ring was absent Predicted drag coefficients and Sherwood or Nusselt numbers agree with limiting analytical solutions for low and high Reynolds numbers. The theoretical results show good agreement with experimental data for porosity as a function of superficial gas velocity. Predicted and measured Sherwood and Nusselt Numbers were in substantial disagreement, making detailed comparison unwarranted The calculations should also be valid for dispersions of uniform, circulating, spherical droplets for the special case where the droplet viscosity is much less than the viscosity of the continuous fluid     

Mechanical coagulation in emulsion polymerizations

Coagulum formation for different emulsion polymerizations was correlated to various agitation parameters. For low Reynolds numbers, rotational speed was shown to be important, whereas, for high Reynolds numbers, power consumption was the important parameter. These results were theoretically tied to first-order coagulation kinetics by incorporating shear rate relationships for flow in an agitated tank. For low Reynolds numbers, the average shear rate was assumed to be proportional to the rotational speed of the impeller. And for high Reynolds numbers, Kolmogorov's theory of locally isotropic flow was employed to relate the average shear rate to the power consumption.     

Comparison of Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo technique in structure and relaxing dynamics of polymer in dilute solution

Structure and dynamics of polymer in solvent solution is an important area of research since the functional properties of polymer are largely dependent on the morphology of the polymers in solution. This structure related properties are especially important in case of surface science where the phase-separated morphology in the micro/nano scale dictates the properties of the product. Modeling polymers in solution is an efficient way to determine the morphology and thus the properties of the products. It saves time as well as helps to design novel materials with desired properties. Polymers in solution systems are generally modeled with bead spring model and Monte Carlo or importance sampling Monte Carlo simulations is used to find the optimal configuration where the energy of the system is minimized. Often in these simulations, random numbers are used in the Monte Carlo steps. Normally random numbers try to form clusters and do not cover the entire dimension of the system. Thus the minimum energy structures obtained from simulations with random numbers are not optimal configuration of the system. In the present work a lattice-based model is used for polymer solution system and importance sampling Monte Carlo is used for simulation. Quasi-random numbers generated from Hammersley sequence sampling (HSS) are used in the simulation steps for stochastic selection polymers and its movements. Quasi-random numbers obtained from HSS are random in nature and they have n-dimensional uniformity. They do not form clusters and the structural configuration obtained using quasi-random numbers are optimal in nature. The optimal configurations of the polymers as obtained from random number and quasi-random number are compared. The result shows that simulation with HSS attains a lower energy state after initial quench. At the late stage of spinodal decomposition, the structure factor decrease-showing Ostwald ripening which is not observed from simulation with random numbers.