Development Characteristics and Mechanism of Taobao Vil ages in Jiangsu Province Under E-Commerce Economy

With the e-commerce economy spreading to rural areas,Taobao villages in Jiangsu Province present a rapid development trend.This paper firstly summarizes the general development situation of Taobao villages in Jiangsu Province from the three aspects of quantity,product types,and spatial distribution.Then it analyzes the specific development characteristics of different product-based Taobao villages.Finally,from the four angles of industry bases,ecommerce platforms,e-commerce businessmen groups,and logistics support,it explores the driving mechanism of Taobao villages in Jiangsu Province and points out that more and more villages will be involved in the Internet revolution along with the further development of Internet and e-commerce.     

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Taobao Villages in Guangzhou

Through a case study on 24 Taobao villages in Guangzhou,this paper analyzes the relationship between the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of Taobao villages using the online data mining methodology,and compares e-commerce-based industry clusters with traditional industry clusters.The result shows that Taobao villages in Guangzhou are mainly distributed in peripheral areas of the central city,with low population and employment density; villages running the same kind of business present the trend of concentration.And the formation of Taobao villages is highly relevant to the distribution of factories,wholesale markets,express services,and low-rent housing,as well as the learning and demonstration effect among subjects.It further proves that,under the influence of e-commerce,the importance of economies of scale and economies of scope brought by geographic proximity has been weakened,while the importance of interaction and communication effect among subjects have been obviously strengthened.     

城乡一体化:空间的多重对立

在今天的中国城市中,教以万计的"城中村"(即城市中的村庄)作为一种乡村城市化的形式出现并迅速流行起来,虽然并不显而易见并且其出现并不引人注意。本文认为,这些奇怪的、混血的尝试(它们构成了诸如北京等城市里大部分集中的低成本住宅)结合了市民们非法建造的房屋与经过统一规划并实施的基础设施,可以被看作新兴的都市主义的一种全新的模式,例如在艾未未等人参与设计的北京草场地城中村这样的特例里,将普通的房子变成"大写的建筑"。这种新出现的混血城市事实上并不是纯粹的城市,它们常常含有明显的乡村和农耕特性,因此这一过程可能更应当被定义为"城乡一体化"。这样的"城乡一体化"概念可能会成为一种造城的模式,它不仅包容城乡的对立,也为充满异质性的环境开辟了可能性。     

可持续发展指向下的城中村改造

针对市场化的改造方式容易忽略城中村的存在所承担着的良性社会功能,不利于延续城中村原有和谐的混合居住形态,提出以可持续发展为指向的城中村改造思路,旨在重视城中村社会功能的可持续性,为城市发展过渡期提供与之适应的复合空间形态。     

交通基础设施与城市空间增长——基于城市经济学的视角

交通基础设施的投资与建设是城市空间增长的重要推动力。从城市经济学的视角出发,城市交通基础设施对城市空间增长的推动作用很显著,并且不同类型的交通基础设施对城市空间增长的影响方式和结果存在较大的区别。交通基础设施的建设通常推动城市空间以蛙跳(飞地)方式蔓延,形成远离市区的郊区制造业带,并且派生出富人区、"城中村"等空间分异现象以及"小产权房"等城市建设问题。     

城市规划对城市发展作用的历史研究——以近代青岛为例

作为中国近代一个有代表意义的城市——青岛,在城市的形成和发展过程中,城市规划起到了积极的促进作用。研究显示,合理的城市规划是城市发展的前提,城市规划在城市发展的不同阶段所起的作用是不同的,具体表现在城市空间发展方向、城市空间形态演变、城市形象、城市经济活动乃至城市社会结构等方面。近代青岛不仅用事实证明城市规划与城市发展的关系,而且对认识城市发展规律、进行城市规划决策都有借鉴价值。     

Contemporary tendencies in Colombian urban planning: the case of the ‘Planes Parciales’ in Medellín

After decades of internal conflict, Colombia is experiencing economic growth and urbanization. It remains, however, one of the most socially unequal countries in Latin America. Medellín, acclaimed the most innovative city, implemented large-scale transport infrastructures to link socially excluded areas to the city; new educational and cultural facilities; new public spaces and housing projects, rooted in the Barcelona model. This so-called ‘social urbanism’ has shifted local perceptions, though its socio-economic impact has been questioned. This paper focuses on the less analysed transformations in planning policy and management through two instruments: the Land Use Plan (Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial – POT) and the ‘Plan Parcial’. The research, based on a desktop review, interviews and site visits, examines the application of these instruments in Medellín, reflecting on how they contribute to achieving the aims of ‘social urbanism’. The paper explores the differences between ‘rhetoric’ and practice that are reflected in those between the city’s overarching plan (POT) and the implementation of ‘planes parciales’, focusing on redevelopment, urban renewal and urban expansion. Such differences mirror the deficiencies in the adaptation of the ‘urban project’ Barcelona model in Medellín, and provide the basis for a call to develop ‘social urbanism’ that is genuinely more socially, territorially comprehensive and inclusive.     

Brownfield Redevelopment Based on Theories of Urban Regeneration and Landscape Urbanism:A Case Study on Changchun Tractor Factory

Urban development and construction has led to a series of problems,such as the deficiency of land resources,difficulty in old city renovation,and backward landscape construction,etc.Brownfield refers to the abandoned and polluted lands of industrial,commercial,or other uses,whose redevelopment can not only effectively stimulate the intensive utilization of urban lands and the growth of urban economy,but also improve the quality of the urban ecological environment.Considering that the research on brownfield redevelopment methodologies in China is still at its initial stage,the application of the theories of urban regeneration and landscape urbanism in brownfield redevelopment will be conducive to solving various urban problems and promoting brownfield land use values.This paper,based on an analysis on the theoretical connotations of urban regeneration and landscape urbanism and their infl uences on brownfi eld redevelopment,argues that the urban regeneration theory can serve as the"framework"while the landscape urbanism theory as"skeleton"of brownfi eld development,both of which can integrally form the"organic body of brownfi eld redevelopment."It further puts forward fi ve primary principles for brownfi eld redevelopment which are elaborated through a case study on Changchun Tractor Factory.     

Landscape and the cultural politics of China’s anticipatory urbanism

China has seen a proliferation of monumental urban projects in recent years extending to lower tier cities. This paper examines the production of new urban landscapes in the Kangbashi New District of Ordos Municipality to assess the political economy and cultural logics of China’s current-day city-making programmes. The concept of ‘anticipatory urbanism’ is developed to interpret how monumentality in the built environment is aimed at foretelling new developmental futures promising to deliver power to the local state and prosperity to residents. The analysis assesses public responses to landscape transformations and discusses how speculation in the production of new city spaces generates conflict and crisis for the local state. Anticipatory urbanism is found to feed off government ambition and undermines sustainable urban growth.     

波特兰空中缆车，波特兰，俄勒冈州，美国

波特兰以其思想前卫和环境优越而著称。这座城市通过限制用地增长，提高密度和兴建公共交通网络的一系列规划措施．来改善其城市核心区及其市区的品质。一个由道路车辆、公共汽车线路和轻轨构成的系统．作为广义的交通基础设施，已经起到了减少道路拥堵和空气污染的作用。在这种背景下．空中缆车被设想成为城市两个部分之间的连接。     

食物都市主义的概念、理论基础及策略体系

食物都市主义(Food Urbanism)是2011年国际景观设计师联盟年度会议的研讨主题之一,它通过风景园林和城市规划设计手段正深层次地推动城市可持续发展和城市食物安全.研究对食物都市主义进行了概念辨析,指出食物都市主义包含食物生产和食物系统两个范畴,并分析其出现的社会背景、理论基础及策略体系.食物都市主义对我国城乡...     

新都市主义浪潮下的高层住宅发展策略

在全球化的后发达经济城市中,大量单一模数化的高层住宅将逐渐被拥有新大都市特色的住宅模式所替代。新都市主义强调个体消费对城市的回归,发展和城市相互支持并紧密相连的个性化高层居住模式。这种集城市功能于一体的都市住宅综合体在满足人们对城市资源的高度利用的同时考虑了居住空间与公共空间关系的新前景,个体性与市民性的实现,功能主义与城市可持续性的整合,而这些理念也是目前中国大规模城市化进程中所需要学习的。     

城市规划与社会问题

中国城市社会问题主要有:城市发展的结构性变化引发的社会问题、城市的盲目发展引发的社会问题、“城中村”和“边缘村”所引发的社会问题,以及城市资源分配存在不公、城市规划缺乏公众参与等。对策为:摈弃中国城市规划只注重“形体规划”的观念,更加注重研究城市社会问题产生的根源;城市改造和开发应充分考虑城市发展的长远利益和兼顾多数人的利益;积极倡导公众参与。     

City profile: Chengdu

Chengdu, located at the western edge of the Sichuan Basin, is the provincial capital of Sichuan Province. The fertile and well-watered basin has given the city a long and splendid history, which has left significant and lasting imprints on its urban form, landscape and cultural life. In the planned economy period, Chengdu serviced as the economic, cultural, logistical and technological center for southwest China, and built a competitive and broad industrial base which now helps the city maintain its leading position in the region. In 2007, Chengdu was assigned as one of two pioneer cities in coordinating urban–rural development. This paper introduces the urban development of Chengdu as a historical city, summarizes the city’s economic growth, urban spatial transformation and infrastructure construction as a major city in western China, and discusses its recent efforts in coordinating urban–rural development as a pioneering city in China.     

Science, politics and image in Valencia: a review of urban discourse in the Spanish City

In the urban sphere, discourse is fundamental to the social and political construction of urban reality. The urban landscape is, in part, a result of those discourses. It is, as Richard Schein suggests, a discourse materialized. The production of these discourses throughout urban history both represented and constructed urban reality at any given time. For much of history, the written word was central to such discursive representations, literary formulations and even biological metaphors that sought to interpret the city both for local inhabitants and outsiders. Today, the photographic image has usurped the former dominance of the word. This article uses archival research to trace historical representations of Valencia, Spain, a European Mediterranean city with a strong medieval tradition. Beginning with a focus on the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Century, when Valencia was economic ‘head’ of the Kingdom of Aragon, this paper will follow how the city developed in concert with evolving intellectual and political representations of it. In doing so, I highlight the important and enduring role of the organic metaphor as a device which framed intellectual and political discourse, and ultimately planning and governing strategies, into urbanism of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (as reflected in the writings of Patrick Geddes). Throughout Valencia’s history, urban discourse has availed itself of biological and medical metaphors, even metaphors drawn from the field of physics, in order to construct a generally agreed-upon image of the urban society at particular historical moment. Analysing the role of such metaphors in urban discourse is fundamental to any full understanding of development in the Mediterranean city, historical or contemporary.     

Delai Sam: social activism as contemporary art in the emerging discourse of DIY urbanism in Russia

Delai sam (do it yourself) is a deeply rooted phenomenon in Russian life. However, as a form of contemporary art, this phenomenon has taken on an activist tenor in post-socialist urban Russia. Founded in 2010, the Delai Sam Festival of Urban Actions represents a politicized approach to DIY urbanism in today’s Russia, in which artists, designers, activists and scholars are joining together to develop alternatives to official visions for the design and planning of their cities. This article critically examines the discourse of the first few Delai Sam festivals in Moscow and Saint Petersburg, and related urban interventions, to understand how these actions are both situated within their local context, and linked discursively to global trends in art and urban activism. DIY actions like Delai Sam open windows into the convergence of art and social activism, the aesthetic and the political, currently taking shape within the global city.     

浅析新城市主义在可持续发展中的作用

新城市主义理论和实践已初见成效,其先进的理念与思路推动了社会的可持续发展。文章首先明确了新城市主义和可持续发展的概念及其对城市发展建设的关注点,总结了新城市主义理论规划设计原则,最后提出新城市主义在可持续发展中所起的积极作用。     

淘宝村的空间透视——一个基于流空间视角的理论框架

淘宝村是电商基于信息时代的市场需求对地理因素进行自主选择、集聚并调适的空间产物。这里集中着信息网络和地理空间相融合并吸附"人流"、"物流"、"资金流"、"技术流"等的"流空间"。淘宝村受"流空间"影响并作出地理空间的响应,又溢出"流空间"对周边外部空间进行影响。内部尺度下,"物流"与"人流"协同运行,其他隐性"流空间"对人的空间决策行为产生影响,而淘宝村的地理空间会对此作出响应。外部尺度中,淘宝村地理分布与"物流"、"技术流"等紧密相关,而商品交易格局促成了特殊的城乡关系网络。该研究重点探索人在信息时代空间演进过程中的空间观和作用机制,补充"流空间"与地理空间双向影响与相互构建的空白。后续提出基于"流要素"调控的空间重构策略,将成为指导信息化乡村空间治理的技术依据。     

Durban’s Back of Port Project: a Local Spatial Knowledge Production Process Framed by Urban Entrepreneurialism

Cities position themselves to compete in the global economy using large-scale entrepreneurial interventions, which have the potential to significantly alter urban landscapes (Harvey 1989). Within this broad urban entrepreneurial approach, it is useful to reflect on localised knowledge production processes and the actors and power embedded in them, which result in particular urban development outcomes in cities. This paper analyses a spatial planning exercise, the Back of Port (BoP) Project, initiated in Durban in 2007 by its administrative entity eThekwini Municipality, and produced by local consultants, which reflects a particular form of urban entrepreneurialism. The BoP Project aimed to increase the competitiveness of the Durban port through improving city infrastructure, addressing congestion at the port-city interface and ensuring economic growth in the city, in a highly contested and political space. The resultant knowledge production process and the spatial framework that was produced, were shaped by global urban policy and the politics and practices of local government, civil society organisations and the knowledge fields of specialist consultants. The BoP spatial planning exercise reveals how urban policy is unfolding in a city in the South, in response to global processes of urban economic development, national imperatives and local challenges. The research reveals that knowledges associated with an economic and functional discourse-coalition became hegemonic, whilst counter-hegemonic knowledges around social and environmental justice struggled to frame the spatial plan.     

Landscape change and the urbanization process in Europe

Urbanization is one of the fundamental characteristics of the European civilization. It gradually spread from Southeast Europe around 700 . ., across the whole continent. Cities and the urban networks they formed were always an important factor in the development and shaping of their surrounding regions. Polarization of territory between urban and rural and accessibility are still important aspects in landscape dynamics. Urbanization and its associated transportation infrastructure define the relationship between city and countryside. Urbanization, expressed as the proportion of people living in urban places shows a recent but explosive growth reaching values around 80% in most European countries. Simultaneously the countryside becomes abandoned. Thinking, valuing and planning the countryside is done mainly by urbanites and future rural development is mainly focused upon the urban needs. Thinking of urban places with their associated rural hinterland and spheres of influence has become complex. Clusters of urban places, their situation in a globalizing world and changing accessibility for fast transportation modes are some new factors that affect the change of traditional European cultural landscapes. Urbanization processes show cycles of evolution that spread in different ways through space. Urbanization phases developed at different speeds and time between Northern and Southern Europe. Main cities are affected first, but gradually urbanization processes affect smaller settlements and even remote rural villages. Functional urban regions (FURs) are a new concept, which is also significant for landscape ecologists. Local landscape change can only be comprehended when situated in its general geographical context and with all its related dynamics. Patterns of change are different for the countryside near major cities, for metropolitan villages and for remote rural villages. Planning and designing landscapes for the future requires that this is understood. Urbanized landscapes are highly dynamic, complex and multifunctional. Therefore, detailed inventories of landscape conditions and monitoring of change are urgently needed in order to obtain reliable data for good decision-making.