不同硫酸浓度对2A12脉冲硬质阳极氧化工艺的影响

采用自制脉冲恒流电源,对硬质铝合金2A12在高、低硫酸浓度下的阳极氧化工艺进行研究。结果表明：2A12合金在低硫酸浓度中进行硬质阳极氧化,氧化膜的硬度和膜层厚度较在高浓度硫酸溶液中的高;无论是硫酸溶液浓度高低．硫酸溶液浓度、槽液温度、氧化电流密度等均影响2A12铝合金硬质阳极氧化膜的硬度和膜层厚度。     

基于人工神经网络的铝铜合金硬质阳极氧化工艺优化

目的探究Al-5%Cu合金硬质阳极氧化处理的最佳工艺。方法采用硬质阳极氧化试验装置对Al-5%Cu合金进行硬质阳极氧化处理,并用扫描电镜和显微硬度计研究了在硫酸电解液中生成的硬质阳极氧化膜的微观组织结构、厚度及硬度。综合采用正交试验以及人工神经网络的方法,设计了三因素三水平的实验方案,研究了硫酸溶液温度、电流密度和阳极氧化时间对硬质阳极氧化膜的硬度及膜层厚度的影响。利用人工神经网络系统对Al-5%Cu合金阳极氧化的工艺参数进行了优化。结果采用硬质阳极氧化技术可以增加Al-5%Cu合金的表面硬度。制备的氧化膜厚度较均匀,表面质量较好,硬度较高。硫酸溶液的温度是影响表面氧化膜层微观组织及硬度的主要因素。结论 Al-5%Cu合金进行硬质阳极氧化的最佳工艺条件范围为:氧化液温度-9~-7℃,电流密度4~4.8 A/dm2,氧化时间115~120 min。     

铝及铝合金硬质阳极氧化新工艺的研究

论述研制铝及铝合金在40℃下的硬质阳极氧化的新工艺。槽液的主要成分是硫酸、草酸、酒石酸和三乙醇胺,铝及铝合金经阳极氧化处理后,氧化膜硬度高、外观光亮、抗腐蚀性强。该工艺在提高铝硬质阳极氧化槽液温度、增加膜的硬度和节能等方面都县有很大的实用价值。     

铝合金硬质阳极氧化工艺优选

利用正交试验,对影响铝合金硬质阳极氧化所得氧化膜性能的工艺参数进行了试验,得到了6063铝合金硬质阳极氧化的优化工艺.试验结果表明:电流密度对硬质氧化膜的厚度影响最大,氧化温度和电流密度对硬质氧化膜的硬度影响较大.较好的氧化工艺参数为:电流密度4.0 A/dm2,氧化温度0℃,氧化时间75 min.     

工业纯铝硬质阳极氧化的工艺研究

铝硬质阳极氧化法是一种厚层阳极氧化工艺,是铝及铝合金在硫酸电解液中,经过阶梯电流作用而进行的电化学反应.传统铝的硬质阳极氧化需要较低的温度和较高的电压.对工业纯铝在硫酸溶液中采用硬质阳极氧化的方法制取氧化膜的工艺进行了研究,在传统硫酸硬质阳极氧化工艺的基础上进行了改进.相同工艺条件下,在硫酸溶液中加入适量添加剂,可使氧化膜的成长速度大大提高,并拓宽了阳极化允许的温度范围,提高了阳极氧化生产效率.     

工艺参数对2195铝锂合金阳极氧化膜的耐蚀性影响

以2195铝锂合金为研究对象,研究了硫酸阳极氧化技术中硫酸浓度、氧化电压和氧化时间对新型铝锂合金阳极氧化膜的微观形貌、厚度和耐腐蚀性影响,并确定了合适的制膜工艺。利用扫描电镜分析氧化膜的表面微观形貌和厚度,利用电化学工作站评估氧化膜的耐腐蚀性能,并对其腐蚀机理进行探究。结果表明:随着硫酸浓度的增加,氧化膜成膜速率先增加后减少;随着氧化电压的增加,氧化膜的电压增加,氧化膜膜厚依次增加,但是当电压过高时,会发生"起灰"现象;随着氧化时间的增加,氧化膜的厚度依次增加,当氧化时间达到30 min后,氧化膜成膜速率增加;当硫酸浓度为180～200 g/L,温度为14℃,氧化电压为14 V,氧化时间为50 min时,氧化膜具有最好的耐腐蚀性。     

铝合金2A12在低硫酸浓度下脉冲硬质阳极氧化工艺研究

采用脉冲恒流电源研究了硬质铝合金2A12(LY12)在不同低硫酸浓度下脉冲硬质阳极氧化工艺,探讨了溶液浓度、氧化温度、氧化时间、电流密度与膜厚、显微硬度、氧化电压与膜层质量之间的关系,从而获得铝合金2A12在低硫酸浓度下硬质脉冲硬质阳极氧化的最佳工艺方案。结果表明:将氧化温度控制在-2～0℃,硫酸浓度控制在2%左右时能够得到质量较高的氧化膜。     

LY12铝合金低温硬质阳极氧化工艺研究

温度对铝合金硬质阳极氧化膜的质量有显著影响,低温条件下制备的氧化膜质量远优于常温氧化膜.研究了低温(-6～-9℃)条件下LY12铝合金硬质阳极氧化工艺,分析了氧化温度、时间、电流密度对氧化膜颜色、厚度、显微硬度的影响,探讨了氧化电流密度与氧化电压的关系.结果表明,在氧化温度-6～-9℃、电流密度1.6～1.8A/dm2、氧化时间60min的条件下对LY12铝合金进行硬质阳极氧化,可以达到工件硬质阳极氧化膜厚35～45μm,硬度380～450HV的要求,且氧化膜颜色深而均匀,主要含C,O,Al,P,S元素.     

温度梯度降温对铝合金阳极氧化膜性能的影响

采用自制的硬质阳极氧化装置,在铝合金6061薄板表面沿着铝基体方向形成较大的温度梯度降温条件,对铝板进行硫酸硬质氧化试验。对氧化膜形貌、硬度、膜厚分别进行了观察和分析。结果表明,相同条件下,采用温度梯度法制备的硬质阳极氧化膜,其均匀性、膜的厚度和硬度都大大优于传统的硬质阳极氧化膜,膜的质量得到很大的提高。     

工艺参数对Al合金阳极氧化膜腐蚀行为的影响

用电化学极化和扫描电镜(SEM)观察法,研究了电流密 度、氧化时间和氧化温度等工艺参数对LC4铝合金阳极氧化膜的厚度、显微形貌和在NaCl溶 液中耐蚀性的影响，讨论了影响氧化膜耐蚀性的机制，提出了提高耐蚀性的最佳阳极氧化工 艺参数.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.