EP/CFDSF/CNTs复合材料的力学性能和电学性能

采用浓硝酸和浓硫酸改性碳纳米管(CNTs),然后以环氧树脂(EP)为基体、碳纤维双层间隔织物(CFDSF)为增强体制备了EP/CFDSF/CNTs复合材料,研究了改性CNTs含量对EP/CNTs和EP/CFDSF/CNTs复合材料力学性能及电学性能的影响。结果表明,随改性CNTs含量增加,两种复合材料的弯曲强度和缺口冲击强度均先升高后降低,当改性CNTs的含量为2.5份时,两种复合材料的力学性能最好,EP/CFDSF/CNTs复合材料的弯曲强度和缺口冲击强度分别为145.18 MPa和18 kJ/m~2,分别较EP/CNTs复合材料提高了12.5%和18.4%。随改性CNTs含量增加,两种复合材料的体积电阻率降低,当达到渗滤阈值即改性CNTs的含量为2.5份后下降明显,EP/CNTs复合材料的体积电阻率为25.9Ω·cm,而EP/CFDSF/CNTs复合材料的体积电阻率为20.85Ω·cm。     

聚丙烯/炭黑/废纸纤维导电复合材料的性能研究

通过熔融共混方式制备了聚丙烯/炭黑/废纸纤维导电复合材料，研究废纸纤维含量和炭黑含量对复合材料体积电阻率、力学性能、流变性能和热稳定性能的影响，并通过扫描电镜分析了废纸纤维及炭黑在复合材料基体中的分散情况。结果表明：废纸纤维的加入有效降低复合材料的体积电阻率。当炭黑含量为12%时，随着废纸纤维含量由0增至10%，复合材料体积电阻率由2.41×1014Ω·cm降至9.3×108Ω·cm。废纸纤维能够有效提高复合材料的力学性能，当炭黑含量为12%、废纸含量为10%时，复合材料的拉伸模量、弯曲模量、冲击强度相比于未添加废纸时分别提高24%、35%和11.7%。废纸纤维的加入增加复合材料的平衡转矩，降低熔体流动速率，含量较高时影响作用明显。废纸纤维的加入降低聚丙烯/炭黑复合材料的热稳定性。     

聚苯乙烯/膨胀石墨导电复合材料性能研究

以聚苯乙烯为基体,膨胀石墨为填料,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯为增塑剂,通过熔融共混法制备复合材料。并研究了复合材料的导电性能、力学性能和熔体流变性能与膨胀石墨含量的关系。主要结论如下:随着膨胀石墨含量的增加,复合材料的体积电阻率逐渐减小,渗流阈为5%,复合材料的体积电阻率最小为8.65×10~5(Ω·cm),膨胀石墨的含量为13%。当膨胀石墨含量在5%~10%之间时,复合材料的导电性迅速变化。而复合材料的拉伸强度则随之先减小后增大,当膨胀石墨含量为5%时,拉伸强度最小为4.52 MPa。冲击强度小增大后减小,当膨胀石墨含量为5%时,冲击强度最大,为7.5 kJ/m~2。     

PEEK/GF/CNTs复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用模压法制备了PEEK/GF/CNTs复合材料,研究了复合材料的力学、电性能、导热、耐摩擦等性能。结果表明:当CNTs含量为8%时,PEEK/GF/CNTs复合材料的拉伸强度最大为80.63 MPa;其导热系数随着CNTs含量的增加而增加,当CNTs含量为10%时,导热系数最大,为0.354 8 W/(m·K);体积电阻率随着CNTs含量的增加而逐渐减小;当CNTs含量为8%时,PEEK/GF/CNTs复合材料摩擦系数最佳值为0.113;CNTs能有效阻止PEEK基体从PEEK/GF/CNTs复合材料表面翘起、剥落;CNTs的加入降低了PEEK的结晶性能。     

聚氯乙烯/炭黑/镀铜纳米石墨微片导电复合材料的研究

利用超声作用制备粒径为10μm,平均厚度约为100nm的纳米石墨微片（nano-Gs）,然后采用无钯无SnCl2化学镀铜新工艺对nano-Gs表面进行化学镀铜。通过熔融共混法制备聚氯乙烯（PVC）/镀铜nano-Gs和PVC/导电炭黑（CB）/镀铜nano-Gs复合材料。结果表明,当镀铜nano-Gs含量达到逾渗阈值12%（质量分数,下同）时,PVC/镀铜nano-Gs复合材料的体积电阻率达到了最低值104Ω·cm,但其拉伸强度及缺口冲击强度较纯PVC均有所下降;当镀铜nano-Gs含量达到10%,CB含量达到2%时,PVC/CB/镀铜nano-Gs的体积电阻率达到了最低值103Ω·cm,比PVC/镀铜nano-Gs降低了一个数量级,且其拉伸强度及缺口冲击强度较纯PVC均有所提高。     

炭黑/废纸导电纤维的制备及其在聚丙烯中的应用

利用多巴胺氧化自聚合将炭黑粘附到废纸纤维表面,制备了炭黑/废纸柔性导电纤维,分析了炭黑含量对纤维导电性能的影响,然后,将该导电纤维与聚丙烯熔融共混制备复合材料,分析了导电纤维添加量对复合材料导电和力学性能的影响。结果表明,聚多巴胺将炭黑均匀粘附在废纸纤维表面,纤维的电阻率随着炭黑含量增加而逐渐降低,当炭黑含量为15%时,废纸纤维的电阻率log ρ下降至2.16Ω·cm。柔性导电纤维能更好地控制聚丙烯复合材料电导率降低幅度,当纤维添加量为15%(炭黑含量为2.27%)时,复合材料的表面电阻率为3.71×10¹⁰Ω,体积电阻率为2.45×10¹¹Ω·cm,能达到抗静电级别。此时,复合材料的弹性模量和拉伸强度分别为565.65和17.01 MPa,模量提高了1.07%,但强度降低了32.82%。     

煤矸石改性聚丙烯性能研究

采用熔融共混制备了不同配比的聚丙烯（PP）／煤矸石（coal gangue）复合材料,与纯PP材料相对照,分别研究了复合材料的表面电阻率、体积电阻率,热变形温度以及拉伸强度,弹性模量、硬度等力学性能。结果表明：加入煤矸石能明显降低PP的表面电阻率和体积电阻率,起到较好的抗静电效果。当煤矸石含量约为20％时．复合材料的表面电阻率和体积电阻率均达到最小,分别为2．4×10^8Ω·cm和3．8×10^8Ω·cm,抗静电效果最佳;随着煤矸石填充量的增加,复合材料的力学性能呈现先下降后上升的趋势。材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均在10％时下降至最小,而复合材料的硬度则随煤矸石用量的增加逐渐增强,其综合力学性能约在煤矸石含量为15％时达到最佳值;热变形温度随煤矸石用量的增加没有明显的下降。因此煤矸石含量约为15％的PP改性复合材料可用于生产静电逸散材料。     

碳纳米管在聚烯烃改性中的应用

综述了碳纳米管(CNTs)/聚烯烃复合材料的研究进展,评述了今后CNTs/聚烯烃复合材料的研究方向。CNTs对聚烯烃的力学性能、电性能和光学性能有促进作用：CNTs/聚乙烯复合材料的拉伸强度提高了约20%;ω(CNTs)为0.30%的CNTs/超高相对分子质量聚乙烯的体积电阻率小于1×10~9Ω·cm,达到了抗静电的要求,ω(CNTs)为0.01%的CNTs/聚乙烯薄膜的紫外线总透过率从67.5%降到32.0%。     

PP/PCL/石墨/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及电性能分析

采用熔融共混法制备了石墨（G）、碳纳米管（CNTs）与聚丙烯（PP）、聚己内酯（PCL）导电复合材料，通过改变G的添加量制备了系列导电复合材料。主要测试了熔体流动速率、力学性能、导电性能、电热性能，并进行了电子显微镜观察结构、差示扫描量热法分析、热失重分析。结果表明，PCL与PP混合后，PP的拉伸强度提升了4.375 MPa，在加入G/CNTs之后，力学性能受影响较大下降了约73.5 %；G/CNTs的加入还能有效降低PP的电阻率，使其从绝缘体变为半导体材料电阻率为7.83×10⁶ Ω·m；PP与PCL共混后复合材料的热稳定性得到了显著提高，初始分解温度从368.88 ℃升高至398.95 ℃，在加入G/CNTs管后又进一步提高至408.78 ℃。     

CNTs添加量对航空航天用EP/CFDSF复合材料性能的影响

研究了在环氧树脂(EP)中同时加入碳纤维双层间隔织物(CFDSF)与碳纳米管(CNTs)来提高EP强度的相关作用机理,探讨CNTs对EP/CFDSF/CNTs电学特性的影响。研究结果表明,随着CNTs含量的不断增加,试样的弯曲强度与冲击强度均发生了先增大后降低的现象,EP/CFDSF复合材料的力学性能明显高于EP材料。当CNTs的添加量为2. 5份时,EP/CFDSF试样的冲击强度和弯曲强度测试值达到最高,依次为18. 1 k J/m~2和146. 5 MPa,比纯EP材料的强度显著提高。不含CNTs时复合材料断面具有平整的微观形貌;添加了2. 5份CNTs的试样断面区域表现为明显的凹凸变化特点。随着CNTs添加量的增加,试样的电阻率明显下降,2. 5份CNTs的两种试样体积电阻率分别为19. 6Ω·cm和14. 8Ω·cm。     

碳纳米管增强环氧／石墨复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用粉末冶金法制备了碳纳米管增强环氧／石墨复合材料,并研究了酸洗处理对复合材料弯曲强度、硬度和导电性能的影响。结果表明：与未处理碳纳米管相比,酸处理的碳纳米管增加了环氧／石墨复合材料的弯曲强度和硬度,降低了电阻率。酸处理的碳纳米管增强环氧／石墨复合材料的弯曲强度达到21．9MPa,比未添加碳纳米管时提高了近22％;同时复合材料的硬度达到最大值21．7HS,比未添加碳纳米管时提高了近10％;复合材料的电阻率达到了最小值45036μΩ·cm,比未添加碳纳米管时复合材料的电阻率降低了近17％。     

Influence of carbon nanofiber structure on properties of linear low density polyethylene composites

Three types of carbon nanofibers (MJ, Pyrograf®III PR‐19 and PR‐24) were incorporated into linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) using intensive mixing. The electrical volume resistivity of composites decreased with the addition of CNFs from over 10¹² Ω cm for pure LLDPE to less than 10⁴ Ω cm for carbon nanofibers (CNF) contents of 15 wt% or more. Tensile modulus increased from 110 MPa for pure LLDPE to 200 MPa and 300 MPa for 15 wt% MJ and 15 wt% PR composites, respectively. However, the tensile strength remained fairly unchanged at about 20 MPa. Strain‐to‐failure decreased from 690% for pure LLDPE to 460% and 120% for 15 wt% MJ and 15 wt% PR composites, respectively. It was inferred that the interfacial interactions of LLDPE matrix with MJ fibers is better than that with PR fibers, resulting from the rougher surface of MJ fibers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Mechanical and barrier properties of nanocrystalline cellulose reinforced poly(caprolactone) composites: Effect of gamma radiation

Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) reinforced poly(caprolactone) (PCL) composites were prepared by compression molding. The NCC content varied from 2 to 10% by weight. NCC played a significant role in improving the mechanical properties of PCL. The addition of 5 wt % NCC caused a 62% improvement of the tensile strength (TS) value of PCL films. Similarly, tensile modulus (TM) values were also improved by NCC reinforcement but elongation at break (Eb) values decreased montonically with NCC content. The water vapor permeability (WVP) of PCL was 1.51 g·mm/m²·day·kPa, whereas PCL films containing 5 wt % NCC showed a WVP of 1.22 g·mm/m²·day·kPa. The oxygen transmission rate (OTR) and carbon dioxide transmission rate (CO₂TR) of PCL decreased by 19 and 17%, respectively, with 5 wt % NCC incorporation. It was found that the mechanical and barrier properties of both PCL and PCL‐NCC composites further improved with 10 kGy gamma irradiation treatment. The combination of NCC and radiation significantly increased the TS, TM, and Eb (by 156, 123, and 80%, respectively, compared to untreated PCL). The WVP, OTR, and CO₂TR decreased by 25–35% with respect to untreated PCL. The surface and interface morphologies of the PCL‐NCC composites were studied by scanning electron microscopy and suggested homogeneous distribution of NCC within the PCL matrix. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Preparation and properties of functionalized graphene/waterborne polyurethane composites with highly hydrophobic

The long‐chain functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (FGN) were functionalized by isophorone diisocyanate and then octadecylamine, the graphene functionalized/waterborne polyurethane (WPU) composites were prepared by solution mixture. The results showed that the FGN achieved good dispersion with exfoliated and intercalated nanostructure and strong interfacial adhesion with WPU, which made the nano–composites have a significant enhancement of thermal stability and mechanical properties at low FGN loadings. With 1.5% of FGN added, the tensile strength of the composites reached the maximum of 17 MPa, which improved by 41.6%, the water absorption of the composites is only 6.7%. With the incorporation of 2 wt % FGN, and the static contact angle of the composites reached to about 120°, showing the high hydrophobicity. At the same time, the volume resistivity of the composites was changed from 2.34 × 10¹² Ω·cm to 3.77 × 10⁹ Ω·cm. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42005.     

单组分有机硅导电涂料的制备及其性能研究

以耐高温有机硅为基体,银包铜粉为填料制备了一种导电涂料,通过对其涂膜的体积电阻率、附着力、冲击强度、粘度测试和TG分析,研究了银包铜粉含量对导电涂料电性能、物理力学性能的影响以及该涂料的适用期、耐热性和耐老化性。结果表明,当银包铜粉质量分数为导电涂料的60%时,产物体积电阻率可达6.27×10-4Ω·cm,附着力一级,冲击强度>50 kg·cm,常温8 h内粘度可保持在6.0 Pa·s,固化物热分解温度高达532.7℃,并具有优良耐老化性。     

微纳层叠共挤PP/PA6/CNTs原位微纤复合膜的制备及性能研究

采用双转子连续混炼挤出机与微纳层叠共挤出成型设备制备了聚丙烯/聚酰胺6/碳纳米管（PP/PA6/CNTs）复合材料和原位微纤复合膜,通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、流变仪、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、万能拉伸试验机及电阻测试仪对其微观结构、流变性能、结晶性能、力学性能和导电性能进行了表征。结果表明,与共混相比,微纳层叠共挤出法使得分散相PA6/CNTs形成了微纤,微纤的形成不仅提升了复合膜的动态流变性能,并且增加了基体PP相的结晶度,提高了PA6相的结晶温度,提升了复合膜的结晶性能;当CNTs含量为0.5 %（质量分数,下同）时,复合膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均达到最大值,分别为42.17 MPa和857.82 %,体积电阻率（R）下降到10⁴ Ω·cm,综合力学性能和导电性能达到最佳。     

Effects of particle size and electrical resistivity of filler on mechanical,electrical, and thermal properties of linear low density polyethylene–zinc oxide composites

The effects of particle size and electrical resistivity of zinc oxide (ZnO) on mechanical properties, electrical and thermal conductivities of composites made with linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) were investigated. Micron sized (mZnO), submicron sized (sZnO), and nano sized (nZnO) powders having resistivities of 1.5 × 10⁶, 1.5 × 10⁹, and 1.7 × 10⁸ were used to prepare composites with 5–20 vol % filler. The tensile strength was lowered and the modulus of elasticity of the composites was increased with ZnO addition. Rather than the particle size of the ZnO, its initial resistivity and aspect ratio affected the resistivity of composites. The resistivity of the LLDPE was lowered from 2.3 × 10¹⁶ Ω cm down to 1.4 × 10¹⁰ Ω cm with mZnO addition. Thermal conductivity of the composites was increased with ZnO addition 2.5–3 times of the polymer matrix. The composites can be used for electrostatically dissipating and heat sink applications due to their decreased electrical resistivity and increased thermal conductivity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2734–2743, 2013     

Electrical and thermal conductivity and tensile and flexural properties of carbon nanotube/polycarbonate resins

Adding conductive carbon fillers to insulating thermoplastic polymers increases the resulting composite's electrical conductivity. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are very effective at increasing composite electrical conductivity at low loading levels without compromising composite tensile and flexural properties. In this study, varying amounts (2–8 wt %) of CNTs were added to polycarbonate (PC) by melt compounding, and the resulting composites were tested for electrical conductivity (1/electrical resistivity), thermal conductivity, and tensile and flexural properties. The percolation threshold was less than 1.4 vol % CNT, likely because of CNTs high aspect ratio (1000). The addition of CNT to PC increased the composite electrical and thermal conductivity and tensile and flexural modulus. The 6 wt % (4.2 vol %) CNT in PC resin had a good combination of properties for electrical conductivity applications. The electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity were 18 Ω‐cm and 0.28 W/m · K, respectively. The tensile modulus, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and strain at UTS were 2.7 GPa, 56 MPa, and 2.8%, respectively. The flexural modulus, ultimate flexural strength, and strain at ultimate flexural strength were 3.6 GPa, 125 MPa, and 5.5%, respectively. Ductile tensile behavior is noted in pure PC and in samples containing up to 6 wt % CNT. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010