PU/EP型水声吸声材料动态模量和声学参数的实验研究

采用聚氨酯(PU)和环氧树脂(EP)及云母填料合成了PU/EP二元IPN水声吸声材料,对该材料的动态模量和声速进行了测量,研究了EP含量和云母填料及含量对材料动态模量及声速的影响,并对材料的吸声性能进行了分析。结果表明,材料弹性模量越大,材料中声波传播速度就越大;随着填料含量的增加,声速的下降幅度增大。并用直观的物理量表征了抽象的声学量,为指导水声材料的设计提供了基础。     

海泡石/空心微珠/环氧树脂复合涂层在镁合金表面的隔热性能研究

通过SEM、TGA、隔热性能测试等方法研究了加入不同量无机填料的环氧树脂复合涂层的结构和性能。无机纤维海泡石的加入提高了环氧树脂的耐热性能,同时在空心微珠之间起到填充和阻热的作用。当纤维状无机填料海泡石与球状无机填料空心玻璃微珠的加入量分别达到15%时,厚度约3.0mm的涂层在经受500℃高温2 min后,镁合金基体背面温度大约为300℃。随着无机填料加入量的进一步增加,隔热效果反而变差。在实验结果的基础上,建立了两种填料高分子复合材料的传热模型,分析了两种填料在涂层隔热过程中的作用机理。     

聚氨酯/无机填料复合材料制备及性能

以空心玻璃微珠、氢氧化铝为无机填料,采用物理共混–浇注工艺制备了聚氨酯/无机填料复合材料。分别研究了空心玻璃微珠和氢氧化铝对浆料黏度、复合材料的力学性能、密度、成本的影响。结果表明,相对于氢氧化铝,添加改性空心玻璃微珠的异氰酸酯或组合聚醚的黏度更低,对流动性的影响更小。添加改性空心玻璃微珠,复合材料的力学性能有所降低,当改性空心玻璃微珠含量为40 g时,复合材料的弯曲强度和压缩强度分别降低53.4%,55.3%;添加氢氧化铝的复合材料的力学性明显提高,当氢氧化铝含量为140 g时,复合材料的弯曲强度和压缩强度提升36.0%,22.1%。添加40 g的改性空心玻璃微珠,复合材料的密度降低到0.73 g/cm~3,密度降低43.8%,具有明显的减重效果;添加140 g氢氧化铝时,复合材料的密度增大到1.30 g/cm~3,密度提高28.7%。改性空心玻璃微珠具有更明显的降成本效果。     

环氧树脂复合泡沫材料的制备研究

以缩水甘油酯环氧树脂(EP)、酸酐固化剂和空心玻璃微珠为主要原料,通过添加一定的活性稀释剂,高温固化制备了EP复合泡沫材料。研究了空心玻璃微珠的表面改性对复合泡沫材料性能的影响。结果表明,复合泡沫材料性能与空心玻璃微珠的表面性能密切相关,当EP/固化剂/稀释剂的质量比为100/120/15、KH-560改性的空心玻璃微珠用量为30份时,所制备的复合泡沫材料密度为0.826 g/cm3,压缩强度达115.8 MPa,比强度为140.2。     

改善玻纤增强阻燃PBT复合材料翘曲的研究

对加入不同添加量的几种无机填料(滑石粉、云母、硅灰石、玻璃微珠、蒙脱土、高岭土)的玻纤增强阻燃PBT(聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)复合材料进行了力学性能测试和翘曲观察,比较与分析了这几种无机填料改善复合材料翘曲的效果,并指出,在选择填料及设计配方时,应从体系的整体性能考虑,在其翘曲性能和力学性能间,找到一个平衡点。     

中空玻璃微珠填充聚氨酯发泡材料的吸声性能与动态力学性能研究

以聚氨酯（PU）为基体、磷酸三甲酚酯（TCP）为增塑剂、中空玻璃微珠（HGB）和偶氮二甲酰胺（AC发泡剂）为填料,采用熔融共混法制备了软质PU/TCP、PU/TCP/HGB、PU/TCP/HGB/AC材料,研究了增塑剂TCP、填料HGB和AC发泡剂的含量对PU材料的吸声性能和动态力学性能的影响。结果表明,在一定范围内,增塑剂TCP、填料HGB和AC发泡剂的加入显著提升了复合材料的吸声性能,当TCP含量为25 %（质量分数,下同）、HGB含量为10 %、AC含量为2 %时,材料的吸声性能最佳,平均吸声系数达到0.29,且频率为1 714 Hz时吸声系数最大,为0.55;以半峰宽衡量材料的吸声频率宽度,发现在一定范围内增塑剂TCP、填料HGB和AC发泡剂对半峰宽的长度分别有减少、增加的作用,为制备轻质宽频吸声材料提供了实验依据;对PU/TCP、PU/TCP/HGB材料的动态力学性能分析进一步验证了选用25 % TCP和10 % HGB配比对材料整体性能调控的合理性。     

EP/PUR梯度互穿网络聚合物的制备及其拉伸性能研究

提出一种新的方法对梯度互穿网络聚合物(IPNs)中梯度组分的分布进行设计,并采用逐层浇注的方法制备了不同层数的环氧树脂/聚氨酯(EP/PUR)IPNs,对其拉伸性能进行了研究。研究结果表明,EP/PUR梯度IPNs的拉伸性能受梯度层数的影响,梯度层数越多,拉伸弹性模量越小,拉伸强度高,但当梯度层数超过7层后,拉伸强度有所降低;EP/PUR梯度IPNs的拉伸性能优于EP和EP/PUR普通IPNs。     

基于SiO2气凝胶及空心微珠填料的织物用隔热涂料的性能研究

为提高织物用隔热涂料的隔热性能，将SiO₂气凝胶和SiO₂空心微珠复配作为填料，研究了填料种类和添加量对涂层隔热性能及疏水性能的影响。结果表明：气凝胶和空心微珠分别添加15%和20%时，隔热效果最好，隔热率分别为21.16%和16.17%。10%气凝胶和20%空心微珠进行复配时，涂层隔热效果进一步提升，隔热率可达到24.83%，且此时疏水性能最好，水接触角可达116.82°，这表明隔热材料的复配能进一步提高涂层的隔热性能和疏水性能，可有效拓宽功能性，展现出更加宽阔的应用前景。     

EP/纳米SiO2/空心微珠复合材的性能研究

选用微米级空心微珠和纳米SiO2作为填料,制备环氧树脂(EP)／纳米SiO2／空心微珠复合材料,研究空心微珠用量对复合材料的拉伸性能和冲击性能的影响,采用扫描电镜(SEM)研究复合材料的断裂模式,初步讨论了复合材料的隔热性能。结果表明,纳米SiO2和空心微珠的加入可以提高复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度,并且当空心微珠用量为10％、纳米SiO2用量为3％时,复合材料的各项力学性能最佳。随着空心微珠含量的继续增加,复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度均有不同程度的降低,拉伸弹性模量却有提高趋势。此外,空心微珠的加入使复合材料的脆性提高、韧性降低,隔热性能却有所改善。     

空心玻璃微珠改性环氧树脂的制备及其性能研究

以双酚F环氧树脂为基体,以空心玻璃微珠为填料,制备环氧树脂绝缘复合材料。用硅烷偶联剂KH-570对空心玻璃微珠进行表面改性,并研究改性后的空心玻璃微珠对复合材料力学性能、热机械性能以及电绝缘性能的影响。实验结果表明:随着填料含量的增加,力学性能表现出先增加再降低的趋势,并在空心玻璃微珠含量为4%时,性能达到最优;热机械性能和介电性能均随填料含量的增加而呈现降低的趋势,并在空心玻璃微珠含量为8%时,介电常数最低。     

NBR/CR-Based High-Damping Rubber Composites Containing Multiscale Structures for Tailoring Sound Insulation

High-damping acoustic composites with unique sound insulation feature is reported, demonstrating surprisingly stable soundproof properties over a wide bandwidth of frequency (63–6300 Hz) with good mechanical properties. The extraordinary acoustic properties are attributed to the multiscale synergy of lamellar and hollow structures by multifillers adding. The acoustic composites are designed and fabricated through a low-temperature one-time rubber mixing process using nitrile butadiene rubber(NBR), chloroprene rubber (CR) as matrix and mica powder (MP), hollow glass beads (HGB), and montmorillonite (MMT) as multifillers. The soundproof mechanism is discussed in detail. Results indicate that the synergism of damping and sound absorption behaviors in the composition has a considerable impact on the acoustic characteristics, which can be controlled by the blending ratio of NBR/CR matrixes and the multiscale structures of MP/HGB/MMT multifillers. The designed multifillers acoustic composites can adapt to broadband engineering noise control including walls in express train constructions, panels of vessel or aircraft cabins, and large transportation pipelines.     

Study of the mechanical properties of mica-filled polypropylene-based GMT composite

Mica-filled polypropylene (PP)-based GMT (PP–mica–GMT) was prepared by a double-belt press and its mechanical properties were tested. The effect of the mica content on the mechanical properties of PP–mica–GMT was investigated. It was found that with a lower mica content in matrix the tensile and flexural properties were improved; however, at a high mica content level, the tensile and flexural properties decreased. With respect to the impact strength, there is a maximum value at an approximate 20 wt % mica content level. These results were attributed to the influence of mica on fiber–matrix adhesion. It is most likely that low mica content enhances fiber–matrix adhesion; however, high mica content is unfavorable to fiber–matrix adhesion. Maleic anhydride-grafted PP (MPP) was used to enhance the fiber–matrix adhesion at a higher mica loading level for PP–mica–GMT. With increasing MPP content in the matrix, the tensile properties were significantly improved, whereas the Izod impact strength decreased. In addition, with 5 wt % MPP and 40 wt % mica in the PP matrix formulation, the effect of the mica particle size and glass fiber content on the mechanical properties of PP–mica–GMT was investigated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 2719–2728, 2001     

聚酰亚胺共混和复合改性的研究进展

综述了聚酰亚胺(PI)与其它高聚物的共混以及与无机物的复合改性研究进展,着重介绍了PI与环氧树脂、聚氨酯、聚四氟乙烯和聚醚醚酮的共混,以及PI与碳纤维、玻璃纤维、石墨、玻璃微珠、凹凸棒土、无机纳米粒子的复合改性的研究情况,并展望了PI共混和复合材料的应用前景和发展趋势.     

结构设计及气泡型填料对水声吸声材料的影响综述

综述了水声吸声材料的结构设计现状以及气泡型填料改性水声吸声材料的研究概况,介绍了有望作为水声吸声材料的高分子树脂颗粒吸声材料的研究进展,指出了新型水下吸声材料的发展趋势。     

中空玻璃微球和增塑剂改性ACM的性能研究

采用物理共混的方法制备了中空玻璃微球填充的ACM复合材料,研究了硅烷偶联剂WD-40对中空玻璃微珠形态及复合材料性能的影响,考察了不同含量的中空玻珠微球和增塑剂DOP对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:经过表面处理的中空玻璃微球与ACM的相容性显著提高,控制合适的中空玻璃微球和DOP添加量可获得力学性能最优的ACM复合材料。     

高分子水声吸声材料的研究进展

概述了水声吸声材料的吸声机理,综述了常用的吸声结构以及相应结构的国内外水声吸声材料的研究现状.指出具有优良吸声性能且耐水压、低频、宽频段的高分子水声吸声材料是高分子水声吸声材料的发展趋势.     

Dielectric Characteristics of Syntact Materials Based on Hollow Ceramic Microspheres with Organosilicon Binders

The problems of using hollow ceramic microspheres based on smoke emissions generated by power plants to obtain syntact materials with increased dielectric characteristics are considered. Comparative dielectric properties of the materials considered and materials based on hollow glass microspheres are described.     

The synthetic kinetics and underwater acoustic absorption properties of novel epoxyurethanes and their blends with epoxy resin

Reaction kinetics between isocyanate-terminated prepolyurethane (PPU) and glycidol using dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as a catalyst was investigated by monitoring the change in the intensity of the absorbance peak of NCO stretching band at 2,270?cm^?1 on Fourier transform infrared spectrum at different temperatures. The results indicated that the reactions of TDI- and IPDI-type PPU with glycidol followed second-order kinetics, and their activation energies could be efficiently reduced by DBTDL. For TDI-type PPU, the reaction activation energies were 80.37?kJ?mol^?1 without catalyst, 49.86?kJ?mol^?1 with 0.1?% of DBTDLs, and 37.85?kJ?mol^?1 with 0.2?% of DBTDLs, respectively. For IPDI-type PPU, the reaction activation energies were 69.16?kJ?mol^?1 without catalyst, 63.05?kJ?mol^?1 with 0.1?% of DBTDLs, and 55.57?kJ?mol^?1 with 0.2?% of DBTDLs, respectively. This corresponding TDI- and IPDI-type epoxyurethane (EPU) were blended with epoxy resins (EPs) and cured by the Michael adduct of ethlylenediamine with butyl acrylate (molar ratio?=?1:1) curing agent, to prepare EPU/EP blend elastomers for underwater acoustic absorption materials. The TDI-type EPUs had good acoustic absorption properties and the average acoustic absorption coefficient of TDI-type EPU was 0.75, the maximum acoustic absorption coefficient was 0.94; the EPUs blended with E-51 EP had better acoustic absorption properties than those from E-44; and the EPU from PPG-2000 had better underwater acoustic absorption properties than that from PPG-1000.