Reciprocity in fracture and defect mechanics

For defects in solids, when displaced within the material, reciprocity relations have been established recently similar to the theorems attributed to Betti and Maxwell. These theorems are applied to crack- and defect-interaction problems. The contents of the present paper has been developed together with Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. George Herrmann, Stanford University, California, who passed away on January 7, 2007.     

Prof. Dr. Geert De Schutter, 2001 Robert L'hermite Medallist

RILEM Bulletin

Prof. Dr. Geert De Schutter, 2001 Robert L'hermite Medallist     

专访英国标准协会标准总裁 斯考特·斯蒂德曼博士

正作为英国标准协会标准总裁,斯考特·斯蒂德曼博士领导国家标准机构代表英国参与国际标准化工作,并为行业与政府提供标准化咨询和建议,推动产业创新与经济增长。此前,斯蒂德曼博士在剑桥大学从事学术研究,专注于英国及世界各国的大型基础设施建设与建筑项目研究长达二十年。他曾先后担任皇家工程学院副院长、土木工程师学会副会长,此外,他一直兼任皇家工程学院旗下核心刊物《Ingenia》主编。由于其对工程领域的卓越贡献,2010年被授予大英帝国司令勋章。     

专访澳大利亚标准协会首席执行官 布朗温·埃文斯

正布朗温·埃文斯博士从2013年10月起就任澳大利亚标准协会CEO,在此之前,她担任科利耳公司高级副总裁,负责质量、临床和监管工作。她在发电、工程教育、标准制定和医疗器械等诸多领域从事工程主管工作,拥有30多年的工作经验。2011年,布朗温加入沃伦工程开发中心,担任主管一职。目前她还担任Robogals咨询委员会主席和工程领导与管理中心董事会主席。此前,埃文斯博士曾担任过约翰·霍华德有限公司独立非执行董事、澳大利亚医疗技术协会董事会主席以及澳大利亚卧龙岗大学SECTE咨询委员会成员。     

Developmental and physiological circuits: dissecting complexity. A report on a talk given by Dr Leroy Hood

Dr Leroy Hood, the President and Director of the Institute for Systems Biology in Seattle, WA, USA, also spoke at the Nobel Symposium on self-organization. The main points of his talk are summarized in this paper.     

Through a Mediated Mirror: The Photographic Physiognomy of Dr Hugh Welch Diamond

This article explores the photographic physiognomy of Victorian asylum superintendent Hugh Welch Diamond. Through close readings of Diamond's photographs as well as commentary published by Diamond and Dr John Conolly, the author argues that Diamond expanded the meaning of the word physiognomy to include metonymic traits such as clothing and hairstyle. Diamond used physiognomy for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, and he staged his photographs to maximize their efficacy for both, creating a mediated mirror through which his patients viewed themselves. Through photographic physiognomy, Diamond tried to change the nature of asylum practice, using images of his patients to nurture them to health without physical restraints.     

Discussion of a paper by E. O. Frind

In a recent paper, Dr. Frind has formulated a two-dimensional isoparametric finite element based upon the Hermite bicubic interpolation scheme. The present discussion focuses upon certain simplifications in the derivation which appear to have diminished the accuracy of the resulting element, and suggests a simpler approach to the element formulation. This author agrees strongly with Dr. Frind's recommendation of the Hermite parametric element as an efficient and useful tool for general field problems; the present comments are offered to point out that, in fact, the accuracy comparisons presented by Dr. Frind are biased against the Hermite finite element.     

Würdigung von Herrn Professor Dr.-Ing.Hartwig Petermann und seinem Wirken am Pfleiderer-Institut für Strömungsmaschinen der TU Braunschweig

Ohne Zusammenfassung Es ist der Fachwelt eine besondere Freude und Ehre Herrn Prof. Dr.-Ing.Hartwig Petermann zu seinem 70. Geburtstag zur gratulieren und sein Werk und Wirken würdigen zu dürfen.     

Simulation of self-organised dislocation structures in f.c.c. and b.c.c. single crystals

Summary A computer simulation model based on the principle of cellular automata and molecular dynamics is developed for the problem of dislocation structure formation. The presented simulations show the influence of the used material data for f.c.c. and b.c.c. crystals, the cut-off radius used for simulation, the load conditions (tensile, relaxation and cyclic deformation), and the load direction in the glide plane. Also, an approach is presented which is based on non-linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics and self organisation theory. This dissipative approach enables us to state qualitatively and quantitatively the conditions which lead to dislocation structures. The Bauschinger-effect is simulated on a microscopic level.Dedicated to o. Univ.-Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr. techn. Dr. h. c. Franz Ziegler on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

Chaotic Homogeneous Porous Media. 1. Structure Theorems

Basic theorems of the structure of the chaotic homogeneous isotropic porous media that form the first group of theorems of transport theory in disordered systems are presented in the work.     

Two theorems on electromagnetic bistatic scattering

For an axially incident plane wave, two theorems are stated in which sufficient conditions are imposed on the constitutive parameters epsilon and mu of a three-dimensional scatterer to ensure the identity of scattering patterns in orthogonal planes, both near and far zone, such as E and H planes. The theorems represent an extension of existing scattering theorems that apply to bodies of revolution. The theorems are proven analytically, and the results are validated through detailed finite-difference-time-domain and method-of-moments computer simulations on a few noncanonical complex shapes characterized by quite general causal permittivity epsilon and permeability mu functions. The selected materials have Lorentzian functional forms and encompass ordinary materials as well as left-handed materials as special cases.     

Diagonal dominance and S.O.R. performance with skew nets

Alternative finite difference formulations for elliptic equations on skew nets are investigated for suitability for rapid convergence of S.O.R. iterations. In dealing with the differential equation directly, diagonal dominance is a key property for convergence theorems. Mixed derivatives boundary conditions threatens this property, but formulas are presented which protect it as long as the net skewness is not too severe. Test calculations are reported showing convergence for these formulas to be as good as that of optimal S.O.R. theory, whereas other more direct formulas give a very inferior performance.     

Transition from the Triple Helix to N-Tuple Helices? An interview with Elias G. Carayannis and David F. J. Campbell

Given the widespread use of many digitalized communication channels, knowledge production activities have rapidly become interrelated. As the term “network society” implies, knowledge-based innovation systems have been built mainly on the mediated social infrastructure, which has lead to the emergence of the N-Tuple Helix model. I wish to contribute to this special issue by offering an interview with Prof. Dr. Elias G. Carayannis and Dr. David F. J. Campbell, the two co-authors and co-creators of the Quadruple (Government, University, Industry and Civil Society) and Quintuple (Quadruple Innovation Helix plus Environment) Innovation Helix concepts that extend, expand and complement the Triple Innovation Helix rubric. This article starts with brief background information on N-Tuple Helices and concludes with some implications for developing and transitional economies.     

A note on Dr. J.L. Snoek

J.L. Snoek is the eponym of the renowned relaxation effect: the Snoek peak, which is associated with the redistribution of carbon atoms in the bcc iron lattice under the application of the oscillatory stress. A brief review of the Snoek effect and a sketch of Snoek’s life are given; the latter is based on two Dutch articles.     

Dr. Thomas Young—Natural philosopher

This year marks the 200th anniversary of Thomas Young’s presentation of his pivotal essay on cohesion in fluids in which, among other important insights into capillarity, he stated in qualitative terms the concept of the Contact Angle. This, together with the Young/Laplace Equation (relating the surface tension to the pressure and radius of curvature) have formed the foundations of Capillarity theory and practice. It is interesting and timely to review briefly the life and achievements of this remarkable man who formally trained as a medical practitioner. A child prodigy brought up in the classics, with a command of numerous ancient and existing languages, he was a rare spirit driven to understand all physical phenomena about him; a polymath in an age of scientific enlightenment, he left an indelible mark in the humanities, sciences and technologies—in linguistics, egyptology, optics, the strength of materials, bridge and road construction, among many other fields. What interests us particularly today is that he always returned to the intriguing question of how particles are associated and held together to form the various states of matter. He invoked a model of matter being held together by short range attractive and repulsive forces acting between particles and gave plausible explanations of phenomena such as rigidity, elasticity and rupture, and what interests us in particular for this Meeting, because of his involvement in the hydrodynamics of blood flowing through capillary vessels, he made astonishing insights into basic Capillarity.     

Briefe Emmy Noethers and P.S. Alexandroff

There are only five letters and two postcards which were written by Emmy Noether to P.S. Alexandroff that have been preserved. These will be edited in this paper. More than any other source, these letters and postcards give an insight into Emmy Noether's privacy, and her sympathy for the problems of her pen pal and colleagues. They illuminate her judgement of different colleagues, students, «mathematical grandchildren» and their papers. They also inform about relationships within the mathematicians' community and the working atmosphere in Goettingen and the US after 1933.

The author thanks Prof. Dr. Walter Purkert, Bonn, for the reference to the writings of Emmy Noether, and Prof. Dr. Albert Shiryaev, Moscow, for the kind publication permission.

     

Dr. Zauber's ionductance

The author examines whether the kinetic energy stored in moving ions can be exploited to make a nonmagnetic inductor     

“The ‘De-materialisation’ Myth” and the Limits to Growth: a Commentary on Dr. Trainer's Paper

Dr. Ted Trainer's paper in this issue contends that “de-materialisation” (decreasing energy and material inputs per unit of output) is a “myth” that must now be dropped from arguments against the “limits to growth” thesis. His specific arguments against de-materialisation are questioned in this commentary. This paper goes on to argue that even if de-materialisation has not taken place, it does not follow that near-term “zero growth” becomes necessary. On the contrary, the “limits to growth” position rests on erroneous Malthusian projections, and if the scarcity and spillover effects of growth are appropriately priced, conservation and substitution will be induced. Economic growth will facilitate technological and economic solutions to pollution and depletion. Institutional arrangements that will structure incentives, such as making better use of markets to set appropriate prices, are at the heart of the sustainability problem.     

Heil bei Hitler. Geschichte und Mißbrauch einer medizinischen Metapher

Hitlers’ concept of the term “Heil” (well-being etc.) embraced beside political and (pseudo-)religious, also medical connotations. In this respect it is deeply rooted in the European tradition that goes back until to the Greek-Roman Antiquity. The analysis of medical-biological metaphors in “Mein Kampf” illuminates their focus: a exogenous pathology of the people’s body caused by poison and infection. Beyond its metaphorism this explicative model stresses exclusively the collective character of disease and appeals to political and personal consequences relative to the preservation of health and the prevention of disease.The often violent realization of these demands after the accession to power of the Nazis illustrates impressively the primacy of Hitler’s perception of “Heil” in his personal way of acting.

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überarbeitete Version der ?ffentlichen Antrittsvorlesung vom 11.7.2002 an der Universit?t zu K?ln, Institut für Geschichte und Ethik der Medizin. Für zahlreiche Hinweise und kritische Anmerkungen danke ich Prof. Dr. Dr. Klaus Bergdolt, Monika Frank, Prof. Dr. Hans Günter Hockerts, Prof.Dr. Dieter Jetter, Prof.Dr.Axel Karenberg und Dr.Ferdinand Peter Moog M.A.     

New solutions of the II. Stokes problem for an oscillating flat plate

Summary We generalize the fluid flow problem of an oscillating flat plate (II. Stokes problem) in two directions. We discuss first the oscillating porous flat plate with superimposed blowing or suction. The second generalization is concerned with an increasing or decreasing velocity amplitude of the oscillating flat plate. Finally we show that a combination of both effects is possible as well.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. F. Ziegler on the occasion of his 60th birthday