La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ超细粉体的溶胶凝胶-自燃烧法制备及其性能表征

采用溶胶凝胶-自燃烧法合成La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ(LSCF)复合氧化物粉体,用XRD、TG-DTA、TEM等对产物形成过程及微观结构进行了表征.结果表明,溶胶凝胶-自燃烧法一步合成了粒径为30～70nm的具有钙钛矿结构的La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ超细粉体,粉体具有较高烧结活性,1100℃下烧结2 h相对密度达到95%.利用热膨胀仪测量发现样品从室温到1000℃的平均膨胀系数为19.3×10-6/K;直流四探针法电导测试表明,样品在200～600℃温度范围内电导率随温度的升高而升高,由580 S·cm-1升至最大值1000 S·cm-1,在600℃后样品的电导率随着温度的升高缓慢降低,样品的电导率在200～800℃温度范围内均高于580 S·cm-,能很好地满足中低温SOFC的使用要求.     

La0.7Sr0.3Cu1-xFexO3-δ系阴极材料的制备与性能研究

采用固相法和EDTA-柠檬酸联合络合法制备了中温固体氧化物燃料电池La0.7Sr0.3Cu1-xFexO3-δ阴极材料,利用直流四探针和交流阻抗技术测试了材料的导电性能和电化学性能,结果表明加入Fe后材料的电导率有所降低,但在高温下仍然具有较高的电导率(＞100 S·cm-1).EDTA-柠檬酸联合络合法制备的试样比固相法合成的具有更高的电导率(在800℃时,EDTA-柠檬酸联合络合法制备的试样电导率为255 S·cm-1,而固相法的为156 S·cm-1).700℃时的复阻抗测试结果表明Fe的加入降低了La0.7Sr0.3CuO3-δ的极化电阻,其中La0.7Sr0.3Cu0.4Fe0.6O3-δ的极化电阻最小,为2.51 Ω·cm2.     

新型混合导电陶瓷Sm_(1-x)Sr_xAl_(1-y)Fe_yO_(3-δ)的制备及电性能

采用有机凝胶法结合固相烧结技术制备Sm1-xSrxAl1-yFeyO3-δ(SSAF,x=0.10~0.20,y=0.10~0.70)系列新型混合导电陶瓷。利用TG—DTA、XRD、FTIR、Archimedes法和直流四线法分别对凝胶前驱体的热分解及相转化过程、烧结体的相结构、相对密度和电导率进行表征,研究烧结温度及Sr和Fe掺杂量对样品的结构、电性能及输运机制的影响。结果表明:凝胶前驱体在900℃焙烧5h可以形成结晶良好的四方钙钛矿相纳米粉体;随着烧结温度的升高,Sm0.9Sr0.1Al0.5Fe0.5O3-δ(SSAF9155)陶瓷的电导率和相对密度都先增大后减小,1450℃烧结5h制得的SSAF9155陶瓷具有最高的电导率和相对密度;SSAF陶瓷的电导率主要取决于p型电导,且随Sr和Fe掺杂量的增加而增大,在中低温段电导率随着温度的升高而增大,遵从Arrhenius关系,导电行为符合p型小极化子跳跃导电机制;样品的表观活化能随着Fe掺杂量的增加而减小,随着Sr掺杂量的增加而增大。     

La0．7Sr0．3Cu1-xFexO3-δ系阴极材料的制备与性能研究

采用固相法和EDTA-柠檬酸联合络合法制备了中温固体氧化物燃料电池La0．7Sr0．3Cu1-xFexO3-δ阴极材料，利用直流四探针和交流阻抗技术测试了材料的导电性能和电化学性能，结果表明加入Fe后材料的电导率有所降低，但在高温下仍然具有较高的电导率（〉100 S·cm^-1）。EDTA-柠檬酸联合络合法制备的试样比固相法合成的具有更高的电导率（在800℃时，EDTA-柠檬酸联合络合法制备的试样电导率为255 S·cm^-1，而固相法的为156S·cm^-1。）700℃时的复阻抗测试结果表明Fe的加入降低了La0．7Sr0．3CuO3-δ的极化电阻，其中La0．7Sr0．3Cu0.4Fe0.6O3-δ的极化电阻最小，为2．51Ω·cm^2。     

碱土金属双掺杂钴铁酸镧的结构和电性能

应用共沉淀法合成了中温固体氧化物燃料电池刚极材料La0.7Sr0.3-xCaxCo0.9Fe01O3-δ(x=0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)的粉料.采用XRD,SEM和直流四极探针法研究了其晶体结构和电导率随温度变化规律以及其与电解质Ce0.8Sm0.2O2的化学相容性.实验表明Ca2+和Sr2+双掺杂取代La3+进入晶格后,合成的粉料具有六角晶系钙钛矿结构;随着Ca2+含量x增加,La0.7Sr0.3-xCaxCo0.9Fe0.1O3-δ晶胞a轴方向缩短c轴方向拉长,晶胞体积减小且样品的电导率也在降低.随温度升高到490℃,电导率出现最大值,温度继续升高晶格氧逸出而导致电导率降低.400℃～700℃时,样品的电导率均高于450S/cm.当x=0.10和0.15时,其电导率基本相等且高于760 S/cm.合成的粉料与电解质Ce0.8Sm0.2O2具有良好的化学相容性.     

微波固相烧结制备La0．7Sr0．3-xCaxCo0．9Fe0．1O3-δ阴极材料及性能表征

以碳酸盐和氧化物为原料，采用微波固相烧结法制备了La0．7Sr0．3-xCaxCo0．9Fe0．1O3-δ（简称：LSCCF，x=0．05，0．10，0．15和0．20）粉料。用XRD和sEM对LSCCF粉料的晶体结构和颗粒形貌进行了研究。结果表明：微波固相反应在1200℃下烧结0．5h便可以形成密度为5．366g／cm^3，晶粒尺寸小于500nm钙钛矿结构的粉料。而常规固相反应法在1300℃下烧结7h只形成了密度为3．426g／cm^3，晶粒尺寸小于2000nm钙钛矿结构的粉料。电导率测量结果表明：随着烧结温度的升高和Sr^2＋含量的增加，LSCCF样品的电导率变大，600℃～800℃范围内微波烧结制备的La0．7Sr0．3-xCaxCo0．9Fe0．1O3-δ样品的电导率最小值为672S／cm。且高于常规固相烧结制备的相同组成样品的电导率最小值425S／cm。LSCCF粉料与Ce0.8Sm0.2O2电解质的混合物在800℃下烧结10h后没有新相生成，表明LSCCF粉料与Ce0.8Sm0.2O2电解质具有良好的化学相容性。     

Bi掺杂Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)CeO_3电解质材料的导电性研究

Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)CeO_3具有特殊的质子传导特征,可作为新型电解质材料应用于中低温燃料电池。主要研究了Bi掺杂对Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)CeO_3材料电导率的影响及其相关机理。采用高温固相法合成了不同Bi掺杂量的Ba0.6Sr0.4Ce1-xBixO3(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.2)粉体。利用XRD及SEM分析了Bi掺杂量对材料物相组成和断口形貌的影响。通过电化学工作站分别测试了Ba0.6Sr0.4Ce1-xBixO3在空气和氢气气氛下的电导率,并分析了材料在不同气氛下的导电机制。结果表明:不同掺杂量的Ba0.6Sr0.4Ce1-xBixO3在空气中1300℃下保温10 h均可形成结构单一且气密性较高的电解质。掺杂Bi可有效提高Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)CeO_3体系的电导率,当Bi掺杂量x为0.2时,Ba0.6Sr0.4Ce0.8Bi0.2O3电导率最高。在氢气气氛下,700℃时,Ba0.6Sr0.4Ce0.8Bi0.2O3的电导率达到了9.1×10-3 S·cm-1。     

Fe掺杂对Bi2Sr2Co2Oy热电性能和自旋关联的影响

采用固相合成法制备出系列Fe掺杂的Bi2Sr2Co2Oy，样品，并对样品进行XRD分析，电阻率（p）、热电势（固和顺磁共振研究。结果表明：Fe掺杂浓度x≤0．3时样品基本为单相。Fe掺杂使体系的电阻率略微增大，热电势显著升高，这可能与Fe掺杂降低了空穴载流子浓度有关。Fe掺杂浓度x=0．05样品获得最大的功率因子（power factor，S^2／P）。顺磁共振结果显示，不掺Fe的样品有着较强的顺磁共振（ESR）信号，随着Fe含量的增加，ESR信号向低频方向移动，并逐渐宽化减弱直至消失。这表明Fe掺杂改变了体系的自旋关联状态，占据了Co位参与了Co—O—Co之间的自旋关联。研究结果表明合适的元素掺杂可以有效地调整体系的自旋关联状态，改善材料的热电性能。     

La-Ca-Co-Zn 掺杂M型锶铁氧体的相变过程和磁性能研究

采用陶瓷法制备La-Ca-Co-Zn 掺杂的M型锶铁氧体Sr0.3La0.3Ca0.4Fe10.625Co0.225Zn0.1O19。使用高温X射线衍射仪、振动样品磁强计、热分析、和扫描电子显微镜等对Sr0.3La0.3Ca0.4Fe10.625Co0.225Zn0.1O19 在25°C 到1450°C的相变过程进行了分析,并且讨论了其磁性能。实验结果表明：La-Ca-Co-Zn 掺杂的M型六方铁氧体的形成主要分为两个部分,在大概700℃左右,SrCO3 和Fe2O3先反应生成中间相Sr3Fe2O7-d,然后Sr3Fe2O7-d再和剩下的Fe2O3反应生成M相,并且Sr3Fe2O7-d中的Fe离子化合价与温度有关;随着温度升高,La3+, Ca2+, Co2+ 和 Zn2+开始逐渐溶入中间相或者随后生成的M相中,且在M相中分布均匀;和高温射线衍射仪检测结果不同的是在700℃左右退火时,得到了钙钛矿相;在1200℃烧结,可以得到单一程度很高的M相,但有少量的第二相存在,第二相的存在有利于提高烧结致密度;当烧结温度为1380℃时,铁氧体开始分解;Sr0.3La0.3Ca0.4Fe10.625Co0.225Zn0.1O19 铁氧体粉末退磁曲线的矩形度要低于SrFeO12的退磁曲线矩形度。     

La-Y-Ni系A5B19型退火合金的相结构和电化学性能

采用真空电弧熔炼和热处理制备了A5B19型储氢合金La0.4Y0.6Ni3.52Mn0.18Al0.1,研究了退火温度(1173～1373 K)对合金La0.4Y0.6Ni3.52Mn0.18Al0.1相结构和电化学性能的影响规律.结果表明,随退火温度增加,主相A5B19型(3R-Ce5Co19+2H-Pr5Co19)...     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.