反渗透器旁路加压产水法

在生产高纯水的关键设备反渗透器（ＲＯ）进口处，加接两个阀及一条至ＲＯ药桶的塑料管，利用ＲＯ清洗泵进行加压（即ＲＯ旁路加压产水法），从而解决了水压低、水压不稳情况下的高纯水的正常产出，且节水、省电、延长了ＲＯ的工作寿命。     

反渗透膜在超纯水生产中的应用

介绍了ＮＴＲ－７５９反渗透膜的结构及其脱除性能，将反渗透（ＲＯ）膜与醋酸纤维（ＣＡ）膜进行了比较，着重叙述了ＮＴＲ－７５９在双级ＲＯ中用作中间和精处理时对低浓度的盐和ＴＯＣ的脱除特性，实际应用表明，ＮＴＲ－７５９是一种性能良好的反渗透复合膜，可广泛应用于高纯水的制备。     

纯水技术交流会在丹东召开

纯水技术经验交流会,经过主筹单位和东道主单位的努力,已于八一年九月十二日至九月十五日在丹东召开。参加交流会的代表共199名,代表来自全国各地26个省、市、自治区的149个单位。大会共收到学术报告和经验总结共51篇,31名代表在会上做了专题发言。交流内容涉及到预处理、电渗析、反渗透、超细过滤等新技术在纯水制备中的应用以及设备检测管理等。会上还介绍了国外纯水发展的动态及一些制水设备的结构。     

超纯水设备中的反渗透膜

随着半导体器件、集成电路及半导体材料生产的发展,对所使用的纯水的水质要求越来越高.它对微粒、细菌、总有机碳等有害杂质的控制极其严格,要求水质接近理论纯,水的电阻率达18MΩ·cm.国内外把这种高质量的纯水称为超纯水.七十年代国外在超纯水制备中采用了反渗透技术,并辅以离子交换、微过滤、紫外杀菌等方法,使超纯水的质量水平有很大的提高,有力地保证了集成电路工业发展的需要.     

复合反渗透膜(TFC)的劣化、失效与复苏

前言 随着高技术的发展,对高纯水提出了越来越严格的要求。近几年来引进的高纯水系统日趋增加。特别是对反渗透的引进,而反渗透膜多为TFC复合膜。由于TFC膜有高的脱盐率、脱硅率和脱TOC(总有机碳)率,加之流量大、耐热性能和机械性能好等原因,在国际、国内广泛得到应用。 一、TFC膜的结构与性质 TFC膜的结构为:     

彩色显像管厂纯水制造工程实例

本文以某彩色显像管厂80m~3/h纯水站为实例,介绍了一种以反渗透和离子交换为主体的纯水制造工艺及其布置图式。该站通过多年来的运行实践,出水水质稳定,水的电阻率在16～17MΩ·cm,其它指标如铁、铜、硅、钠和细菌等,经多次抽样分析,均达到生产上所规定的水质标准。     

半导体工业中超纯水制备工芤的特点和发展

介绍近年来半导体工业中超纯水制备工艺的特点和发展，包括纯水回收系统EDI技术，膜接触器技术等。     

控制超大规模集成电路用水中的溶解氧和总有机碳浓度的研究

本文介绍了溶解氧(DO)以及总有机碳(TOC)对超大规模集成电路(ULSI)用水的污染,并列出了高纯水中TOC的浓度与栅氧化缺陷密度的关系数据.研究了影响水中DO的因素以及用各种方法降低TOC的比较,本文设计了用脱氧膜接触器,降低高纯水中的溶解氧.结合用双级反渗透(RO)及电脱盐(EDI) 再加上185nm紫外光照射高纯水,使高纯水中的溶解氧和TOC分别降至0.6μg/L和0.7μg/L,并用键能理论解释了185nm紫外降低TOC的机理.     

采用热纯水漂洗消除时间雾缺陷

清洗工艺在抛光Si片加工中广泛使用,其纯水槽使用的纯水受区域和季节变化的影响,温度最大波动可以达到10℃以上。阐述了这种波动对清洗后Si片表面化学残留物浓度造成的影响,当冬季水温出现下降,Si片表面化学残留浓度上升,导致时间雾的出现。提出使用热纯水漂洗技术,通过纯水加热器对最终清洗机纯水溢流槽纯水进行加热,使纯水温度保持在稳定水平,在生产中可有效地消除时间雾缺陷并且将Si片表面化学残留浓度控制在良好的水平。     

对膜技术在电厂水处理中的运用分析

反渗透技术在我国诸多电厂得到了广泛应用，而电除盐是一种新兴的膜技术，虽然是同种类，但是工作原理各不相同，本文将从上述两种技术在电厂水处理中的运用为着入点，分析膜技术在实际过程中的应用。     

浅析反渗透膜材料在半导体工厂超纯水工艺中的应用

就反渗透膜材料在半导体厂超纯水工艺中的应用原理,使用条件类型,具体的项目实践进行简单介绍与说明.     

The Brazilian experience with a photovoltaic powered reverse osmosis plant

This article describes a system that combines the technologies of reverse osmosis and photovoltaics to realize a pioneer project for drinking water supply to a rural community in semi‐arid Brazil (latitude 3°44′S), with a local yearly average temperature of 28°C and a yearly solar potential of about 2000 kW h m⁻². Two strategies are investigated: first the PV‐RO (photovoltaic powered reverse osmosis) plant is equipped with a DC motor; and second, a three‐phase induction motor is used. Through the analysis of the stored data the second option is chosen as the better alternative. This strategy has a specific electrical consumption (energy required to produce 1 m³ drinking water) of 3·03 kW h m⁻³, a recovery ratio of 27% (relation between drinking water product flow and brackish water input flow) and a drinking water cost of US$ 12·76 per m³. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Electrocapacitive Deionization: Mechanisms,Electrodes, and Cell Designs

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging water desalination technology for removing different ionic species from water, which is based on electric charge compensation by these charged species. CDI is becoming popular because it is more energy-efficient and cost-effective than other technologies, such as reverse osmosis and distillation, specifically in dealing with brackish water having low or moderate salt concentrations. Over the past decade, the CDI research field has witnessed significant advances in the used electrode materials, cell architectures, and associated mechanisms for desalination applications. This review article first discusses ion storage/removal mechanisms in carbon and Faradaic materials aided by advanced in situ analysis techniques and computations. It then summarizes research progress toward electrode materials in terms of structure, surface chemistry, and composition. More still, it discusses CDI cell architectures by highlighting their different cell design concepts. Finally, current challenges and future research directions are summarized to provide guidelines for future CDI research.     

Aquaporin-Based Biomimetic Membranes for Low Energy Water Desalination and Separation Applications

The emergence of biomimetic materials developed using nature's inspiration and biological domains can drive a paradigm shift in the design and operation of future-generation materials in separation applications. In recent years, biomimetic membranes have drawn interest of many researchers for water treatment applications. Among the biomimetic membranes, protein-based membranes, specifically those synthesized by aquaporin, have received much attention in recent years due to their high osmotic water permeability and excellent ability to remove small molecules, thereby overcoming the trade-off between the water flux and the contaminant's rejection. The separation efficiency and fouling properties are significantly improved by taking advantage of the strategies evolved in nature. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art aquaporin-based biomimetic membranes (ABMs), mainly focusing on their synthesis, characterization, and performance as selective layer in composite membranes for reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and forward osmosis for water desalination. Fabrication methods and characterization techniques of ABMs and their performance in water desalination are also reviewed, while the main obstacles for their successful commercial viability in wastewater treatment are provided. The applications of ABMs in various separation processes other than water desalination and their potential market are presented to inspire future researchers in this versatile area.     

基于Modem的纯净水电话定购与查询系统设计

文中介绍了纯净水电话定购与查询系统的基本原理，结合Modem开发以及数据库技术，通过软件系统开发，实现了纯净水的电话定购和查询业务。     

Integrated Saltwater Desalination and Energy Storage through a pH Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Battery

Here, a pH neutral aqueous organic redox flow battery (AORFB) consisting of three electrolytes channels (i.e., an anolyte channel, a catholyte channel, and a central salt water channel) to achieve integrated energy storage and desalination is reported. Employing a low cost, chemically stable methyl viologen (MV) anolyte, and sodium ferrocyanide catholyte, this desalination AORFB is capable of desalinating simulated seawater (0.56 m NaCl) down to 0.023 m salt concentration at an energy cost of 2.4 W h L^?1 of fresh water—competitive with current reverse osmosis technologies. Simultaneously, the cell delivers stored energy at 79.7% efficiency with a cell voltage of 0.85 V. Furthermore, the cell is also capable of higher current operation up to 15 mA cm^?2, providing 4.55 mL of fresh water per hour. Combining energy storage and water desalination into such a bifunctional device offers the opportunity to address two growing global issues from one hardware installation.     

Impact of particles in ultra pure water on random yield loss in IC production

The influence of environmental particle contamination on offline measured defects and manufacturing yield in integrated circuits is discussed. One of the sources of particle contamination is ultra pure water used in different production tools at different stages of processing. Particle count data measured in ultra pure water is compared with the offline defects caused by process tools and the relation has been statistically confirmed. Particle count data is also compared with the defect density of large size products. An impact of particle contamination on yield of 4-6% has been found. In this study, fundamentals are provided to define the meaningful specifications of ultra pure water for wafer fabrication.