液压型风力发电机组低电压穿越双变量协调控制研究

以液压型风力发电机组为研究对象,研究液压型机组低电压穿越控制问题。结合风电机组低电压穿越要求和液压型风力发电机组工作原理,提出一种比例节流阀开口度与变量马达摆角双变量联合控制的低电压穿越的控制方法。建立机组的数学模型,基于能量耗散原理和动态面控制方法构造低电压穿越双变量控制器。依托30 k VA液压型风力发电机组半物理仿真实验台进行仿真和实验研究,实现了低电压穿越过程中机组液压系统传输功率和输出转速的高精度控制,为液压型机组的低电压穿越控制的进一步研究奠定基础。     

双馈异步风电系统的建模仿真

当电网电压跌落时,风电机组须维持一定时间与电网连接而不解列,并且能提供无功以支持电网电压的恢复,即具有低电压穿越能力,而双馈风电机组低电压穿越能力最弱。分析建立了双馈风力发电机组的模型,通过使用MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真,来研究它的LVRT性能,及影响它LVRT性能的因素,探讨它的改进方案。     

变速双馈风电机组低电压穿越功能仿真

分析了变速恒频双馈风力发电机组的工作原理,建立了包含变频器的双馈风力发电机组动态数学模型,并利用MATLAB/Simulink软件搭建了并网型双馈风力发电机组的仿真模块,通过仿真试验分析了外部电网故障下变速恒频双馈风力发电机组的低电压穿越功能,为变速恒频双馈风力发电机组在大型并网风电场中的应用提供了可靠的理论依据     

基于RTDS的双馈式风电机组低电压穿越策略

在研究2 MW双馈式风力发电系统稳态和暂态数学模型、控制策略、低电压穿越Crowbar电路参数优选等理论的基础上,利用RTDS平台建立双馈式风力发电低电压穿越系统完备模型,定量模拟电网电压跌落,发现传统的Crowbar保护方案仍有一定改进空间,提出改变Crowbar电路投切时刻提升系统LVRT能力策略,从多角度验证深度电压故障跌落时双馈电机低电压穿越性能。研究结果表明,在严重的电网电压跌落情况下,所采用的研究方案可在保证双馈风力发电机组变换器装置自身安全的基础上,实现机组的不脱网运行,满足国网的风电低电压穿越运行要求。     

基于撬棒保护的双馈风力发电机组低电压穿越控制策略研究

随着风力发电机组装机容量不断增大,在电网中的渗透率不断提高,电力系统在电网故障导致电压骤降时,对风力发电机组能够不间断运行的能力(低电压穿越能力)提出了更高的要求。文章依据辽宁电力有限公司电力科学研究院风力发电机组低电压穿越抽检测试结果,利用德国电力系统仿真软件DIgSILENT/Power Fac-tory搭建了双馈风力发电机组,提出基于撬棒保护(crowbar protection)的控制策略以实现双馈风力发电机组低电压穿越功能,并通过仿真实验验证电网故障情况下双馈风力发电机组的不间断运行能力,将仿真结果与现场实际测试结果进行比较,验证风力发电机组的控制策略及模型的准确性。     

风电机组低电压穿越过程机械载荷特性研究

分析电网电压跌落引起风电机组各主要结构部件机械载荷变化的应力传递过程,通过建立风电机组电气-机械联合仿真模型,仿真研究低电压穿越过程对机械载荷特性的影响。基于低电压穿越期间载荷测试数据,分析低电压穿越期间塔筒机械载荷及其疲劳损伤情况。研究结果表明,低电压穿越过程对风电机组机械载荷特性具有重要影响,尤其是当风力发电机组不具备低电压穿越能力而导致风电机组脱网时。     

大规模集中接入条件下风电涉网特性分析

结合当前新能源迅猛发展的现状,分析了双馈风力发电机组的基本原理,利用simulink模型仿真分析了大规模集中接入条件下风电运行特性及风险,并最终提出了"风机低电压穿越改造"、"开放风电机组无功调节能力"两相项关键措施。仿真结果表明,文中提出的技术措施可为大规模集中接入条件下,风电及电网的安全稳定运行供借鉴。     

考虑LVRT的双馈风电机组对电网频率的影响分析

为研究具备低电压穿越(LVRT)性能的双馈感应风力发电机(DFIG)对系统频率稳定性的影响,首先利用转子运动方程和等效导纳模型对故障穿越期间和故障恢复期间系统频率与风机馈入系统的有功功率之间的关系进行理论推导,建立含双馈风电机组的电网频率响应解析模型,在此基础上分析了低电压穿越特性对系统频率稳定性的影响;然后基于PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台搭建了含风机的单机无穷大系统模型,仿真验证了电网频率响应解析模型的合理性并提出优化控制方案。结果表明,优化LVRT相关参数后,可有效改善电网频率稳定性。     

双馈风电机组的建模仿真及其等值方法研究

文章分析了双馈风力发电机组的数学模型及控制模型,基于PSCAD/EMTDC平台搭建了双馈风力发电机组仿真模型,以阵风和渐变风为例,对风力发电机组并网运行端口的稳态特性和故障特性进行仿真,其结果实现定子侧有功、无功解耦控制及电压的恒定,验证了所建模型的正确性。在考虑尾流效应的情况下,研究了不同类型的双馈风电机组等值思路,搭建了等值模型,对其等值前后的稳态、暂态特性进行对比分析,结果表明了该等值方法的有效性,为大规模并网型双馈机组风电场进一步研究提供了有利条件。     

适用于双馈风电机组的主动式crowbar电路

针对双馈型风电机组低电压穿越时的工况,在分析该工况对crowbar电路要求的基础上,概述了相关的技术背景,详述了crowbar电路的相关问题。     

双馈变速风电机组低电压穿越控制

当系统中风电装机容量比例较大时,系统故障导致电压跌落后,风电场切除会严重影响系统运行的稳定性,这就要求风电机组具有低电压穿越（Low Voltage Ride Through,LVRT）能力,保证系统发生故障后风电机组不间断并网运行。分析了双馈风电机组LVRT原理和基于转子撬棒保护（crow-bar protection）的LVRT控制策略,在电力系统仿真分析软件DIgSILENT/Power Factory中建立了双馈风电机组模型及其LVRT控制模型,以某地区风电系统为例进行仿真计算,分析转子撬棒投入与切除策略及动作时间对实现机组LVRT的影响。     

A novel line drop secondary voltage control algorithm for variable speed wind turbines

This paper addresses the design and implementation of the line drop secondary voltage control (LDSVC) for the doubly fed induction generator‐wind turbine (DFIG‐WT) complemented with reactive power allocation algorithm to achieve more efficient voltage regulation, reactive power compensation and to enhance the transient stability margin of the electric power system. The LDSVC is used to generate the local voltage reference, providing an improvement for overall voltage profile. The paper presents the influence of the integration of variable speed wind turbines‐based doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) while employing LDSVC for increasing the transient stability margin. This paper proposes an improved voltage control scheme, based on a secondary voltage controller complemented with an automatic gain controller (AGC). The scheme is applied to a wind energy system incorporating DFIG‐based wind turbines. The controller structure is developed and the performance of the self‐tuning AGC scheme is developed and analysed. The proposed controller is tested in response to system contingencies for different short circuit ratios. The performance of the secondary voltage control without and with AGC is verified. The influence of the AGC in improving the transient response and damping of voltage oscillations is verified. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Low voltage ride through of doubly-fed induction generator connected to the grid using sliding mode control strategy

Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) based on Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) connected to the grid is subjected to high transient currents at rotor side and rise in DC-link voltage during voltage sag at stator/grid side. To secure power system operation wind turbines have to meet grid requirements through the Low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability and contribute to grid voltage control during severe situations. This paper presents the modeling and control designs for WECS based on a real model of DFIG taking into account the effect of stator resistance. The non-linear control technique using sliding mode control (SMC) strategy is used to alter the dynamics of 1.5 MW wind turbine system connected to the grid under severe faults of grid voltage. The paper, also discusses the transient behavior and points out the performance limit for LVRT by using two protection circuits of an AC-crowbar and a DC-Chopper which follow a developed flowchart of system protection modes under fault which achieved LVRT requirements through results. The model has been implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK for both rotor and grid side converters.     

Power system frequency response from fixed speed and doubly fed induction generator‐based wind turbines

Throughout Europe there is an increasing trend of connecting high penetrations of wind turbines to the transmission networks. This has resulted in transmission system operators revising their grid code documents for the connection of large wind farms. These specifications require large MW capacity wind farms to have the ability to assist in some of the power system control services currently carried out by conventional synchronous generation. These services include voltage and frequency control. It is now recognized that much of this new wind generation plant will use either fixed speed induction generator (FSIG)‐ or doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based wind turbines. The addition of a control loop to synthesize inertia in the DFIG wind turbine using the power electronic control system has been described. The possibility of deloading wind turbines for frequency response using blade pitch angle control is discussed. A pitch control scheme to provide frequency response from FSIG and DFIG wind turbines is also described. A case study of an FSIG wind turbine with frequency response capabilities is investigated. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance of PI controller for control of active and reactive power in DFIG operating in a grid-connected variable speed wind energy conversion system

Due to several factors, wind energy becomes an essential type of electricity generation. The share of this type of energy in the network is becoming increasingly important. The objective of this work is to present the modeling and control strategy of a grid connected wind power generation scheme using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) driven by the rotor. This paper is to present the complete modeling and simulation of a wind turbine driven DFIG in the second mode of operating (the wind turbine pitch control is deactivated). It will introduce the vector control, which makes it possible to control independently the active and reactive power exchanged between the stator of the generator and the grid, based on vector control concept (with stator flux or voltage orientation) with classical PI controllers. Various simulation tests are conducted to observe the system behavior and evaluate the performance of the control for some optimization criteria (energy efficiency and the robustness of the control). It is also interesting to play on the quality of electric power by controlling the reactive power exchanged with the grid, which will facilitate making a local correction of power factor.     

A control scheme to enhance low voltage ride‐through of brushless doubly‐fed induction generators

The use of brushless doubly‐fed induction generator has been recently proposed for wind turbines because of its variable speed operation with fractional size converter without the need to brush and slip ring. This paper introduces a control scheme to improve low voltage ride‐through capability of doubly‐fed induction generator considering grid code requirements. The proposed control strategy is based on analysis of flux linkages and back electromotive forces and intends to retain the control‐winding current below the safety limit (typically 2 pu) during severe voltage dips. The time‐domain simulations validate effectiveness of the proposed scheme to protect the converter against failure as well as support reactive power required by German grid code. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Direct power control of wind‐turbine‐driven DFIG during transient grid voltage unbalance

In this paper, a direct power control (DPC) of a wind‐turbine‐driven doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) under unbalanced network voltage conditions is studied. Variations of the stator output active, reactive and electromagnetic powers are fully deduced in the presence of negative sequence supply voltage. The rotor side converter is controlled on the basis of DPC to eliminate the electromagnetic torque oscillations at double supply frequency under unbalanced stator supply. The rotor voltage references estimation requires only simple calculations without any integral operation. The proposed control scheme removes rotor current regulators and the decomposition processing of positive and negative sequence rotor currents. The performance of the proposed and conventional DPC schemes is compared under the same operating conditions. Simulation results using Matlab/Simulink are carried out for a 1.5 MW DFIG wind generation system to show the validity of the proposed scheme during unbalanced voltage supply. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

改进的双馈风电机组故障穿越控制策略研究

基于传统矢量控制技术,该文提出一种改进的矢量控制技术来抑制双馈感应电机故障期间的转子过电流,以提高双馈风电机组故障穿越能力。从分析传统矢量控制技术入手,提出一种改进的矢量控制技术,其主要特点是反映定子电压瞬态对转子电流的影响,但并未增加控制的复杂程度。从理论的角度对所提方案能提高双馈风电机组故障穿越能力的机理进行深入分析。最后,对基于PSCAD/EMTDC软件环境下搭建的2 MW双馈风电机组模型进行仿真研究。仿真结果表明所提方案能有效抑制双馈感应电机故障期间的转子过电流,从而提高双馈风电机组的故障穿越能力。     

双馈风力发电用交直交变流器控制策略的研究

概述了变速恒频双馈风力发电用交直交变流器的工作原理,转子侧变流器采用基于最大功率点跟踪的并网发电解耦控制策略,网侧变流器采用基于固定开关频率与电网电动势前馈相结合的双闭环控制策略,构建了110kW变速恒频双馈风力发电模拟平台,经过实验结果分析验证了上述控制策略的有效性和可行性。