公路施工企业动态联盟体利益分配模型探讨

动态联盟建立时要考虑动态联盟各成员的利益分配,利益分配的关键在于确定分配比例,本文构建了综合考虑投资、风险、成本节约等因素利益分配模型,并运用层次分析方法对利益分配系数进行求解。     

基于生态服务价值评估模型的环境退化成本研究

针对土地利用开发项目下的生态系统退化成本评估问题,选取了调节服务、供给服务、支持服务、人文服务为主要评价指标,并进一步分为9个二级指标,通过建立基于Costanza的生态系统服务价值评估模型,分别对小工程项目蚌埠市某小学、大项目某铁路的建设造成的环境退化成本进行了评估,得到的结果与实际较为吻合。通过对生态系统服务总价值相较于生态服务价值系数的敏感度分析,得出生态系统服务价值对价值系数缺少弹性的结论,验证了研究结果的可靠性。     

流量系数分配法在单管系统供热计量中的应用

我国北方大量既有单管供暖系统分户热计量的改造成本很高。根据多年的实践经验,对原有单管供暖系统的结构进行了简单的改造。改造后的系统在一定条件下用户调节室内温度对系统流量的影响很小,可视为定流量系统,从而可用流量系数分配法代替流量计量。采用该方法可节约大量的改造成本。     

EPC联合体合作关系演化博弈分析

EPC 联合体合作关系质量对项目目标能否顺利实现有着至关重要的影响。基于演化博弈理论,研究 EPC 联合体内部设计单位和施工单位之间合作关系,通过双方收益和成本得出双方合作关系支付矩阵,构建并求解演化博弈理论的复制动态方程及演化稳定策略,并应用 Matlab 软件对影响 EPC 联合体合作关系的因素进行仿真。结果表明,设计单位和施工单位合作关系长期演化结果可能是均采取“合作”策略,也可能是均采取“不合作”策略;群体采取“合作”策略的比例与额外收益分配及其分配系数、收益实现系数及“不合作”策略损失及其风险系数成正相关,与合作成本和损失分配系数成负相关。针对双方合作困境给出了改善 EPC 联合体内部各参与方合作关系质量的建议。     

浅谈房地产开发项目的设计管理和成本控制

设计管理是房地产开发项目中贯穿全过程的重要内容,从拿地到规划报批、施工图设计以及施工现场的配合,各个环节均涉及到设计管理。图纸管理主要分三方面,分别为时间管理、技术管理、现场管理,满足开发全周期中对不同阶段图纸的需求。另一方面可通过设计管理实现成本优化控制,把工程成本进行拆分,收放有度的分配每一项工程费用,既要确保有档次及品质的客户体验感,又要在客户不敏感的分项控制成本,提升利润空间。     

共同配送经济利益分配的博弈分析

近年来,企业的各自配送导致物流配送成本不断提升,且会对环境造成一定的影响。随着配送技术和配送手段的不断提高以及客户需求的多样化,从节约成本,创造更多效益的角度出发,企业广泛采取共同配送这种影响较大且有效的先进物流方式。然而,共同配送会出现经济利益如何分配的问题,且这个利益分配问题决定着共同配送的未来发展情况。共同配送可以看作是合作博弈的一种,因此可用合作博弈进行理论分析,再通过采用Shapley值法来计算和分配各自的经济利益,不仅体现了共同配送参与者的理性,也保证了激励与公平,对共同配送的发展起到促进作用。     

房屋结构设计中减震阻尼系数优化探讨

当房屋结构设计阻尼比固定时,阻尼系数的组合种类很多,分配理论与方法也很多;而分配于各楼层的阻尼系数不同,总阻尼系数也不相同。本文作者从实际工作出发,对房屋结构设计中黏性减震阻尼系数的优化设计进行了一定的探索。     

石材营销中的客户关系管理

本文通过交易数量、交易金额、利润贡献率、资信状况对客户价值进行了分析,将客户划分为钻石客户、金牌客户、银牌客户、铜牌客户、重铅客户,为石材企业营销管理（或服务）资源的合理分配提供依据,并对客户关系实施有效管理,为企业创造更大价值。     

企业战略、客户集中度与成本粘性

不同以往对成本粘性影响因素的研究,文章基于企业战略视角,探究客户集中度对成本粘性的影响。以2007—2016年我国沪深A股制造业上市公司为研究对象,实证检验了客户集中度对成本粘性的影响,客户集中度越高,成本粘性越弱。与此同时,综合考虑了客户集中度的质量差异,发现稳定客户关系组中客户集中度对成本粘性的削弱作用更强。继而在客户集中度影响成本粘性的基础之上,进一步论证企业战略对二者关系的影响。研究表明,企业战略差异能够有效影响客户集中度在成本粘性方面的作用。相比于差异化战略,低成本战略下客户集中度对成本粘性的削弱作用更强。     

混凝土分离式连续箱梁桥弯矩分配系数

运用有限元法对60座不同截面的连续箱梁桥模型进行分析,得出每座模型的最大正弯矩及最大负弯矩分配系数,并通过多元线性回归分析得出弯矩分配系数与车道数、跨度及箱体个数等主要参数的关系,即内力分配系数经验公式,供设计人员参考。     

A risk-based model for performance-based regulation of electric distribution companies

In this study, a model is presented to obtain the parameters of penalty and reward scheme (PRS) in performance-based regulation (PBR) for each electricity distribution company (EDC) using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM). In the FCM algorithm, similar companies were categorized into clusters. By using AHP, score of effective factor in reliability index was obtained. In this model, external factors affecting EDCs performance were considered to reduce the risk of PBR implementation for companies and customers. The proposed model was applied on the EDCs in Iran. The results, including AHP score, parameters of PRS and PRS cost were calculated.     

基于Normal需求的二级零售系统最优库存水平确定

考虑客户需求是随机的且服从Normal分布,由一个分销中心和N个零售商组成的两级分销库存系统.假设两级库存补充均采取周期订货策略,当产品缺货时,顾客愿意等待特别订货的概率为一常数.我们的目标是在满足给定的客户服务水平的条件下,寻求两级库存总费用的最小化.对库存费用的计算进行了精确地推导,并且得到了最优的库存水平.     

EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN TRANSPORTATION AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND CUSTOMER BEHAVIOR ON THE SIZE AND MARKET AREA OF URBAN ESTABLISHMENTS

ABSTRACT This paper develops a model to examine how the size of urban public establishments is affected by changes in transportation and production technology and customer behaviour. The size and market area are determined by minimizing the sum of average travel cost and average production cost, subject to demand-supply and revenue-cost equalities. The results show that improved transportation technology and reduced transportation cost have the effect of enlarging the size and market area, and the extent of this depends on the customers sensitivity to travel time. The effects of raised factor prices in production depend on the elasticity of the customer's demand with respect to the produced price.     

运用现代智能算法设计个性化集合住宅

为使城市的高密度集合住宅获得灵活、个性的空间,提出采取由建筑师设计建筑物的主要形态,客户自行设计居住空间的方式。通过一个简化案例及其程序的分析,说明建筑师运用一系列现代人工智能算法,对客户设计的不同空间进行多目标的优化排列,可以使建筑物创造出最大的价值。     

舟山市民用压缩天然气（CNG）价格探讨

分析了舟山市压缩天然气（CNG）用户价格的承受范围，估算了CNG用户价格，认为舟山市CNG槽车供气不具有良好的经济性。     

A combined distribution and assignment model for continuous facility location problem

Consider a general, heterogeneous geographical space with a set of competitive facilities, where the customers' demand locations from each of the facilities are continuously dispersed over the area. The total demand generated from a particular location in the space is fixed, but the demands from this location to the set of competitive facilities are subject to a distribution function with respect to the relative transportation costs to these facilities. Furthermore, we take into account congested transportation cost in characterizing customer choices. Congestion effect is explicitly built into our model by using a flow-dependent and location-dependent transportation cost function. The routing behavior of customers over the space and the user equilibrium choices of facilities are modeled by constructing a spatial user equilibrium flow pattern. The problem is formulated as a combined distribution and assignment model. An iterative algorithm between the distribution function for the choice of facilities and a mixed finite element method for route choices is proposed to solve the resulting continuous facility location problem. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Received: May 1999/Accepted: May 2000     

The practicality of distributed PV-battery systems to reduce household grid reliance

The advent of low-cost solar photovoltaics (PV) and battery electricity storage has the potential to bring about fundamental shifts in the structure of the power sector in the United States. We analyze how PV-battery systems of various sizes could reduce the dependence of residential customers on the central grid and their impact on CO₂ emissions. We further analyze how the costs of such systems change as customers attempt to decrease their dependence on the grid, considering the installed cost of PV-battery systems and the cost of electricity under a net-energy metered rate structure. We analyze these relationships for residential customers in five locations across the U.S. We find that fully disconnecting from the grid with a PV-battery system is impractical for most residential customers without also having dispatchable backup generation. Finally, we estimate how the economics of behind-the-meter PV-battery systems may change if the costs of PV systems continue to fall.     

What attracts foreign direct investment in China’s real estate development?

Foreign direct investment in real estate development (FDIRE) in China has been disproportionately agglomerated in the coastal region while has considerably diffused to some inland provinces along the Yangtze River. There is also significant spatial autocorrelation in the provincial distribution of FDIRE. Controlling for the spatial effects, statistical analysis indicates that FDIRE follows their international customers to China and pursues local profit opportunities as well. They avoid high financing cost and labor cost provinces but favor provinces with higher housing prices. FDIRE in China responds to the provincial differences in land and housing commercialization, and demands good regional governance, strong law enforcement and developed services. The findings imply that foreign investors in China’s real estate industry stress returns to capital while appreciate the conducive institutions when choosing locations.     

A smarter electricity grid for the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: Perceptions and policy implications

Saudi Arabia aspires to transition toward a smarter electricity grid with increased reliance on renewable energy, where customers will use or produce green energy and where smart meters will enable customers to tailor their behavior and decrease their carbon footprint. The success of the transition is dependent on householder acceptance. This research studies the public's disposition toward a smarter grid. The Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia is taken as a case study through a field questionnaire to assess public knowledge about energy sources and environmental impacts on the environments, people's disposition toward a smarter electric grid, and the main motivations for undergoing this transition. A logit model is used to investigate determinants. Stated willingness is taken as a variable representing an individual's disposition. We found that the public is willing to use green energy, accept smart meters, or become co-producers. However, their fear of unknown technologies and perceptions about their high cost are major obstacles to their adoption. Enhancive knowledge, especially about ecological sensitivity, and governmental incentives will help to win public acceptance. Also, government subsidies that lower prices should be cut and dynamic pricing should be implemented to motivate electricity saving behavior.     

水泥搅拌桩复合地基承载力的可靠度研究

对影响水泥土搅拌桩复合地基承载力可靠度的不确定性因素进行了探讨，采用抽样检验的贝叶斯方法对依据计算模型得到的可靠度进行更新，同时，采用自编的改进遗传算法计算复合地基的可靠指标，对可靠指标进行了灵敏度分析，得到一些规律性和有益的结论。