KKD车轮辐板热轧过程中裂纹成因分析

针对KKD车轮在热成型过程中车轮辐板产生裂纹的问题，采用低倍检验、显微组织和化学成分分析等方法对裂纹产生原因进行了分析。结果表明，裂纹的产生与冶金质量无关，系车轮轧机铜套碎裂轧人车轮表面所致。加强轧机设备点检后，此类问题未再发生。     

TTCI数据概率评估840D车轮辐板孔裂纹扩展速率的研究

840D车轮辐板孔裂纹扩展速率da/dt具有很大分散性,其分散性主要来源于车轮载荷分散性,可用da/dt=Q·a(a≤35 mm时)来表达,裂纹扩展参数Q代表了da/dt的分散性.现场调查获得840D车轮辐板孔裂纹有效数据共3974组,是裂纹长度a及其形成时间t的孤立数据点.通过统计方法分析表明不同裂纹长度下的裂纹形成时间分布(TTCI)很好地符合双参数威布尔分布.建立了裂纹扩展的概率模型,通过不同裂纹长度及其对应的不同可靠度下的裂纹形成时间,拟合获得了不同可靠度下的裂纹扩展速率参数Q.数据分析表明Q服从正态分布,即,Q～N(0.918,0.3112).     

840D车轮辐板孔疲劳失效及裂纹容限研究

通过裂纹和断口的观察、理化检验、模拟仿真及其力学计算,分析了840D车轮辐板孔裂纹的特征、机理和原因.结果表明:裂纹属于高低周复合机械疲劳,裂纹主要在制动加机械载荷工况下萌生和扩展.统计分析确定了裂纹扩展速率,结合裂纹发展形态和理论计算给出了临界裂纹长度,进而评估出裂纹容限为20mm.     

车轮辐板阻尼涂层对钢轨波磨的影响

目的研究车轮辐板涂敷有阻尼性能的涂层对小半径曲线钢轨波磨的影响,并根据试验结果提出减缓或抑制钢轨波磨的建议。方法基于摩擦自激振动导致钢轨波磨机理,利用ABAQUS有限元仿真软件,建立轮对、钢轨、轨枕、车轮辐板涂层有限元模型,模拟曲线半径为300 m的工况,采用ABAQUS中内置的复特征值分析方法,分析轮轨系统在小曲线半径工况下的稳定性。结果在曲线半径为300 m的工况下,轮轨间因存在饱和蠕滑力引起自激振动,于频率f=502.32 Hz时产生不稳定振动,从而引起钢轨波磨。通过在车轮辐板内侧和双侧涂敷有阻尼涂层,可有效增强轮轨系统的稳定性,减缓钢轨波磨的发生趋势。只在车轮辐板外侧添加涂层会增加钢轨波磨的发生概率。车轮辐板双侧和内侧涂层模型中,涂层厚度的增加会提高系统稳定性;外侧涂层模型中,涂层厚度的增加会降低系统的稳定性。涂层的阻尼系数对钢轨波磨有较大影响,提高涂层阻尼系数可有效减缓钢轨波磨发生趋势。结论在地铁小半径曲线上,通过在车轮辐板内侧涂敷有阻尼涂层,可有利于减缓钢轨波磨现象,当涂层阻尼系数增大至1.5e–3时,可有效抑制钢轨波磨。     

热处理参数对车轮辐板残余应力及疲劳评价的影响

残余应力是影响车轮抗疲劳性能的重要因素之一,基于有限元法对车轮残余应力进行了分析,并将车轮辐板圆弧段残余应力计算值与测试结果进行了比较。利用Sines疲劳准则对辐板疲劳进行了计算评价,分析了热处理参数变化对车轮辐板制造态残余应力的影响,以及辐板残余应力在辐板疲劳评价中的作用。结果表明:在Sines疲劳SP值计算时,由于辐板两端圆弧段残余应力的作用显著大于其它因素,辐板SP分布形态与残余应力的分布形态基本一致;当热处理工艺参数在基准参数附近较大范围内波动时,所引起的辐板残余应力的变化对疲劳SP值的最大影响幅度约为辐板最大疲劳SP值的15%;热处理工艺参数的波动不足以对车轮辐板的疲劳评价结果产生决定性的影响。     

12.减震钢板的皱折、宽度偏差及板间分离实验研究——关于提高冷辊成型产品精度的探讨

<正> 1.前言新研制的钢-塑-钢夹层钢板是将两块钢板用塑料粘合而制成的一种新结构钢板。这种夹层钢板用于汽车,可减轻车身的重量、降低噪声等级。由于这种夹层钢板在成型过程中可能产生裂纹、收缩不均和皱折等缺陷,加之两板之间因存在塑料而影响到焊接效果,目前还仅限于在汽车工业中使用。这种夹层钢板主要用于汽车构件,例如百叶板、车顶板和车壁板等需用减震材料的地方,以降低开关百叶板时及雨水打在车顶板上时的噪声等级并减轻车壁板的重量。然而,这种钢板在成型时容易产生缺陷,目前     

铸钢车轮铸造工艺模拟与优化

采用ViewCast软件对铸钢车轮辐板处疏松缩孔的形成机理及分布规律进行了数值模拟研究.模拟研究结果表明,在铸造凝固过程中车轮辐板的最薄部位和轮辋辐板之间的过渡部位会出现不同程度的疏松缩孔现象.原因是辐板最薄处的冷却速度过快,阻断了过渡部位在凝固过程中的补缩通道,增加了形成缩孔的可能性.通过对铸造工艺进行改进,采用施加保温材料的方法,可以达到轮辋向辐板顺序凝固,从而减少形成缩孔和疏松的倾向.     

铸钢车轮铸造工艺模拟与优化铸钢车轮铸造工艺模拟与优化

采用View Cast软件对铸钢车轮辐板处疏松缩孔的形成机理及分布规律进行了数值模拟研究。模拟研究结果表明，在铸造凝固过程中车轮辐板的最薄部位和轮辋辐板之间的过渡部位会出现不同程度的疏松缩孔现象。原因是辐板最薄处的冷却速度过快，阻断了过渡部位在凝固过程中的补缩通道，增加了形成缩孔的可能性。通过对铸造工艺进行改进，采用施加保温材料的方法，可以达到轮辋向辐板顺序凝固，从而减少形成缩孔和疏松的倾向。     

有补偿空间的圆柱齿轮坯锻模设计

通过设计具有补偿空间的锻模,来满足在热模锻压力机(螺旋压力机)上采取闭式模锻的工艺,此模具结构的设计避免了热模锻压力机由于坯料过大时发生闷车或凹模胀裂等缺陷(螺旋压力机上齿轮辐板厚度尺寸难以保证的问题)。     

某型炮塔T形接头焊接残余应力分析

某型铝合金炮塔侧面装甲板底部出现裂纹,裂纹对装备的使用寿命具有一定影响。利用有限元软件ANSYS,采用间接耦合方法对T形接头进行焊接模拟,分析焊接对裂纹产生的影响。在焊接过程中,炮塔侧面装甲板在厚度方向上受热不均匀,热影响区焊接变形受到约束,冷却后侧面装甲板在厚度方向上横向残余应力较大容易导致层状撕裂。仿真结果与实际情况相近,为分析炮塔裂纹产生原因提供了指导。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.