基于量化的DCT域数字音频水印方法

数字水印的主要研究目的是版权保护。依据DCT域系数的特点,提出了一种DCT域的音频水印算法,先将音频数据按固定长度分段,然后对每段进行DCT变换,利用当前水印调制DCT直流系数,达到嵌入目的。实验表明,算法具有较好的透明性,并经Stirmark软件攻击测试具有较强的鲁棒性。     

Blind audio watermarking algorithm based on DCT,linear regression and standard deviation

This paper proposes a blind audio watermarking algorithm to embed data and extract them by changing the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients. The key idea is to divide the selected frequency band of DCT into short frames and change the samples of each frame based on the watermark bits that are embedded in. The proposed idea uses linear regression and standard deviation to extract watermark bits. The experimental results show that the method has a high capacity about 3000 bps data payload, without significant perceptual distortion. Moreover, this idea provides robustness against common signal processing attacks such as Additive White Gaussian Noise, Resampling, Re-quantizing and Echo.     

基于提升小波与DCT的自适应音频水印算法

为了达到版权保护的目的,利用提升小波变换计算速度快、离散余弦变换（DCT）后直流系数的听觉容差性强的特点,提出了一种在提升小波域进行DCT的自适应音频水印算法。原始音频信号经提升小波变换后分解为低频子带和高频子带,对其低频子带进行DCT,将水印序列嵌入到DC系数上。考虑到水印音频信号的不可感知性和鲁棒性之间的平衡问题,采用了水印序列自适应调整嵌入。实验结果表明,该水印算法计算复杂度低,且对噪声、 低通滤波等常见信号攻击及恶意替换操作均表现出很强的鲁棒性。     

基于DWT和DCT的自适应双重音频水印

针对数字音频版权保护和内容认证的问题, 提出了一种用于版权保护和内容认证的自适应双重音频水印算法。算法对每段原始音频信号进行离散小波变换和离散余弦变换, 分别提取混合变换域的低频系数和中低频系数作为水印的构造和嵌入域, 利用音频载体的统计特性自适应地构造零水印和嵌入半脆弱水印, 实现音频版权保护和内容认证。实验结果表明, 该算法的不可感知性很好, 在抵抗多种攻击时具有良好的鲁棒性, 并且能够对恶意窜改进行定位。     

High payload multi-channel dual audio watermarking algorithm based on discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition

Digital watermarking technology is concerned with solving the problem of copyright protection, data authentication, content identification, distribution, and duplication of the digital media due to the great developments in computers and Internet technology. Recently, protection of digital audio signals has attracted the attention of researchers. This paper proposes a new audio watermarking scheme based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT), singular value decomposition (SVD), and quantization index modulation (QIM) with a synchronization code embedded with two encrypted watermark images or logos inserted into a stereo audio signal. In this algorithm, the original audio signal is split into blocks, and each block is decomposed with a two-level DWT, and then the approximate low-frequency sub-band coefficients are decomposed by SVD transform to obtain a diagonal matrix. The prepared watermarking and synchronization code bit stream is embedded into the diagonal matrix using QIM. After that, we perform inverse singular value decomposition (ISVD) and inverse discrete wavelet transform (IDWT) to obtain the watermarked audio signal. The watermark can be blindly extracted without knowledge of the original audio signal. Experimental results show that the transparency and imperceptibility of the proposed algorithm is satisfied, and that robustness is strong against popular audio signal processing attacks. High watermarking payload is achieved through the proposed scheme.     

鲁棒的混合域音频信息隐藏算法

提出了一种基于离散小波变换(DWT)和离散余弦变换(DCT)的音频信息隐藏算法。对载体音频整体进行小波分解,将其划分成若干频带,然后根据人耳听觉的频率掩蔽效应,选择对人耳听觉不敏感的频带所对应的小波系数,将小波系数分段进行离散余弦变换,将水印嵌入到DCT直流系数上。实验表明,嵌入水印后的音频文件不仅具有良好的不可感知性,而且对诸如噪声、低通滤波、重采样、回声和Mp3压缩等的攻击具有很强的鲁棒性,并能抵抗一定程度的样点裁剪攻击,算法的鲁棒性和不可感知性达到了很好的平衡。     

基于标记矢量量化的多重音频数字水印算法

提出一种基于矢量量化和DCT变换的多重音频数字水印算法.该算法将鲁棒水印和脆弱水印分别嵌入到载体音频信号中,同时完成版权保护和音频内容完整性认证的功能.鲁棒水印在进行码字标记的矢量量化过程中嵌入到DCT中频系数中,脆弱水印采用索引约束的方法嵌入到DCT高频系数中.鲁棒水印和脆弱水印都能实现盲提取.实验结果表明,本算法引...     

用于MP3作品版权保护的数字水印新算法

以MP3压缩攻击特点与听觉掩蔽特性为基础，提出了一种可用于MP3音乐作品版权保护的混合域数字音频盲水印算法．首先，结合MP3压缩等攻击特点，对原始数字音频进行自适应的分段处理；再对每个音频数据段进行DWT和DCT；最后，结合听觉掩蔽特性与MP3压缩攻击特点，自适应确定量化步长，并将水印信号嵌入到音频数据段的低频分量中．仿真实验表明，所提出的算法不仅具有较好的透明性，而且对诸如重新采样、重新量化、叠加噪声、低通滤波等攻击均具有较好的鲁棒性．特别地，该算法对于最为普通的MP3压缩攻击具有极强的抵抗能力（尤其是高压缩比下）．     

Robust copyright marking using Weibull distribution

For multimedia document, watermarking provides many advantages; however, its vulnerability due to attacks using signal processing methods offers challenge in designing robust techniques. This paper presents a novel method for enhancing robustness in copyright marking into mid-frequency discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients of an image. We establish that Weibull distribution suitably models mid-frequency coefficients well and use it for hiding copyright data. Our method is robust against JPEG compression attacks at both high and low compressions. Further, it is statistically undetectable in comparison to existing techniques of data hiding based on DCT coefficients. This is because it insignificantly affects the DCT coefficients of the stego image without compromising with data hiding capacity of the host image. Simulation result on Lena, Gibbon, Boat, and Peppers images illustrates that our algorithm offers lower bit error rate (BER) and higher peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) leading to improved imperceptibility. Thus, it is useful in robust copyright marking.     

基于DWT的盲音频水印算法研究

提出了一种基于离散小波变换的盲音频数字水印算法,该算法采取分段重复嵌入方式在能量最强的小波系数内隐藏水印信号。仿真实验结果表明,该算法具有较强的鲁棒性和不可感知性,能有效抵御各种常见攻击,并且在水印检测时不需要原始的音频信号。     

A semi-fragile watermarking scheme for authenticating audio signal based on dual-tree complex wavelet transform and discrete cosine transform

In this paper, a novel semi-fragile watermarking scheme for authenticating an audio signal based on dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) is proposed. Specifically, the watermark data are efficiently inserted into the coefficients of the low-frequency sub-band of DT-CWT taking advantages of both DCT and quantization index modulation (QIM). First, the original digital audio signal is segmented and then performed with DT-CWT. Second, based on the energy compression property, the low-frequency sub-band coefficients of the DT-CWT domain are performed with DCT, and the DC component is utilized to embed one distorted watermark bit by the QIM technique. Finally, inverse DCT and DT-CWT are orderly implemented on the watermarked coefficients of each audio segment to get a watermarked audio signal. Simulation results show that the hybrid embedding domain constructed by DT-CWT and DCT is effective, and the proposed watermarking scheme is not only inaudible, but also robust against content persistent non-malicious audio signal processing operations, such as MP3 compression, noise addition, re-sampling, re-quantization, etc. Furthermore, the proposed scheme can effectively authenticate the veracity and integrity of audio content and greatly expands the applicability of the audio watermarking scheme.     

一种基于DWT的自适应大容量音频水印算法

提出了一个自适应的音频水印嵌入算法。对音频载体和水印图像分别进行了离散小波变换和离散余弦变换，根据人类听觉系统的时域掩蔽效应选择嵌入点，在小波系数中的对应位置嵌入水印信号。嵌入水印后的音频信号觉察不出明显的变化，并且嵌入后的水印具有较高的鲁棒性。     

Robust Multiplicative Patchwork Method for Audio Watermarking

This paper presents a Multiplicative Patchwork Method (MPM) for audio watermarking. The watermark signal is embedded by selecting two subsets of the host signal features and modifying one subset multiplicatively regarding the watermark data, whereas another subset is left unchanged. The method is implemented in wavelet domain and approximation coefficients are used to embed data. In order to have an error-free detection, the watermark data is inserted only in the frames where the ratio of the energy of subsets is between two predefined values. Also in order to control the inaudibility of watermark insertion, we use an iterative algorithm to reach a desired quality for the watermarked audio signal. The quality of watermarked signal is evaluated in each iteration using Perceptual Evaluation of Audio Quality (PEAQ) method. The probability of error is also derived for the watermarking scheme and simulation results prove the validity of the analytical derivations. Simulation results show that MPM is robust against various common attacks such as noise addition, filtering, echo, MP3 compression, etc. In comparison to the original patchwork method and its modified versions, and some recent methods, MPM provides more robustness and inaudibility of the watermark insertion.      

基于小波变换的自同步音频水印算法

该文提出了一种基于DWT的自同步音频水印算法．该算法具有如下特点：(1)在隐藏水印信息的同时，嵌入一个同步信号，使水印具有自同步能力；(2)同步信号与水印隐藏于DWT域低频子带，在改善同步信号鲁棒性的同时，利用DWT的时频局部特性，有效地提高在变换域内搜索同步信号的效率，较好地解决了同步信号鲁棒性与其搜索计算量之间的矛盾．实验表明，所提出的方法在抵抗各种通用的音频处理和攻击(如高斯噪声、MP3压缩、重采样、重量化、裁剪等)方面具有良好的性能．     

基于DCT系数符号的音频零水印算法

为了解决现有音频水印算法透明性与鲁棒性之间的矛盾,提出了一种基于DCT系数符号的音频零水印算法。算法按水印尺寸对时域音频数据做等长分帧,求取每帧数据的绝对值平均值,依次按时序做离散余弦变换（ DCT）。算法选取数值最大的DCT系数,利用水印属性与最大DCT系数符号做异或运算,得到水印密钥,实现了零水印的嵌入。实验结果表明该算法可以很好地抵抗各类常规的信号处理破坏,水印鲁棒性较强。     

一种新颖的音频双水印算法

论文提出一种既能对音频作品进行版权保护又能对其进行内容认证的音频双水印算法。首先对音频信号进行整数小波分解,然后对低频系数运用零水印技术构造鲁棒水印,达到对音频作品进行版权保护的目的。同时对整数小波分解后的高频系数进行量化处理生成脆弱水印,达到对音频作品进行内容认证的目的。实验表明,双水印系统中的鲁棒水印对常见的音频水印攻击具有较强的鲁棒性,脆弱水印对滤波等常见的信息处理具有很强的敏感性。     

基于混沌扩频和能量系数差的音频盲水印算法

提出一种基于混沌扩频和能量系数差的小波域数字音频盲水印算法。采用混沌扩频序列对原始水印进行加密,小波算法对原始音频信号进行分解,引入心理声学模型选取适当的阈值,根据高频系数分量和低频系数分量的能量差值与阈值的大小关系,实现对水印信息的嵌入、提取和盲检测。在提取过程中结合线性伸缩恢复的方法消除时间轴上线性伸缩带来的影响。实验结果表明,该算法对多种音频文件的操作和攻击均具有良好的鲁棒性。     

基于量化技术的音频水印算法

针对数字音频作品版权保护的实际需要,提出一种利用二值图像作为版权标识的音频水印算法。利用伪随机序列对作为版权标识的二值图像进行置乱,同时对音频信号进行离散小波分解,然后根据置乱后的水印信息对所选取的小波系数进行量化处理,最后进行小波逆变换得到含水印信息的音频信号。实验表明,本算法对各种常见的水印攻击均具有较强的鲁棒性,可以有效解决数字音频作品版权保护等问题,具有一定的实用价值。     

基于重心的抗同步攻击的音频水印算法

抗同步攻击是音频水印领域公开的难题. 相对重心是音频的一个稳定的全局特征量, 对 TSM (Time scale modification)等同步攻击不敏感. 本文提出一种基于相对重心的抗同步攻击的音频水印算法,提出的算法通过量化音频的相对重心生成水印, 生成的水印由混沌序列加密后以量化的方法嵌入载体音频三级小波近似分量均值中. 为了降低同步攻击后同步位置的连续偏移, 水印嵌入提取过程采用了均匀分帧的方法. 实验结果表明提出的算法能抵抗常规信号处理操作, 同时 能抵抗20%的TSM操作(包含音调不变TSM和重采样操作)和 1/10的抖动操作, 有很好的鲁棒性.     

基于听觉掩蔽模型和量化的音频水印算法

提出一种基于听觉掩蔽模型的音频数字水印算法,根据掩蔽阚值量化音频经DCT变换后的低频系数来嵌入水印。实验结果证明所嵌入的水印具有很好的不可感知性,对加白噪声、低通滤波和重采样等各种攻击具有良好的鲁棒性。