羧甲基壳聚糖在药物缓释和组织工程学中的应用新进展

羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCS)作为一种新型且具有广泛应用前景的生物聚合物在药物缓释系统、组织工程学、医用支架装置等再生医学领域的应用和研究得到了广泛的关注,作为生物聚合物材料,其在生命科学领域的应用正在迅速发展。CMCS是一种双亲性醚,它由甲壳素衍生而来,具有高水溶性、优良的生物相容性、可控的生物降解性、骨再生性等物理化学和生物特性。除此之外,CMCS还可以装载拒水性药物且展现出较强的生物活度,这使它广泛用在不同药物缓释材料系统的制备和细胞组织培养方面。本文对基于CMCS的几种新型聚合物的药物缓释特性、修复治疗特征方面做出了详细解读,并进一步简述其制备工艺和不同器官或组织的应用。文章最后指出CMCS类生物聚合物遇到的应用限制及挑战,并提出展望。     

快速固化土质道面功能性面层材料性能研究

为探究快速固化土质道面强化用功能性面层材料的工程应用性能,设计并进行了功能性表面层材料性能研究试验,开展了改性聚脲弹性体、水性环氧树脂和羧基丁苯胶乳3种有机面层材料的抗滑性能试验、耐磨耗性能试验和试样磨耗表面形态分析研究以及紫外线抗老化试验.结果表明:道面材料在干燥状态下的摆值均大于潮湿状态下的摆值;涂刷功能性表面层材料之后,试样的耐磨性能均有所增强,并且其单位面积磨耗量降低较为明显;通过磨耗表面形态分析再次验证了改性聚脲弹性体抗磨耗性能最佳,水性环氧树脂次之,羧基丁苯胶乳最差.紫外线照射后拉伸强度以及断裂拉伸率均有所减少,但仍然满足实际工程力学性能要求.     

芘荧光材料的研究进展

目的研究芘及其衍生物在荧光探针以及有机电致发光方面的应用进展。方法简述芘荧光材料的来源及结构特点,分析荧光材料的特点,综述芘及其衍生物在荧光探针方面的应用研究进展,包括跟踪纳米复合水凝胶的形成过程,定量监测乳胶膜形成过程中聚合物的分散,研究燕麦β-葡聚糖溶液中的疏水微区,以及检测水溶液中的金属汞离子,综述芘及其衍生物在有机电致发光方面的应用研究进展,并展望其在水性防伪荧光油墨中的发展前景。结论芘荧光材料除了应用于荧光探针以及有机电致发光等方面,也可以作为功能性荧光颜料用来制成水性荧光油墨,从而应用于防伪包装中。     

含磷低聚倍半硅氧烷及其阻燃应用的研究进展

高分子材料具有广泛的应用前景,但其阻燃性往往成为限制其使用的因素之一。聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)具有独特的分子可设计性,近年来在聚合物阻燃领域受到广泛关注。本文针对聚倍半硅氧烷的研究现状,综述了其阻燃机理及一般合成方法。重点讨论了含磷低聚倍半硅氧烷(含磷POSS)的合成方法及其在聚合物中的应用效果。将常见的含磷POSS,按照结构形态分为五类:完整笼形、不完整笼形、笼-梯形、POSS基共聚物、POSS基官能化氧化石墨烯,并讨论了它们对不同聚合物带来的阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,不同的含磷POSS与一定的聚合物混合均能表现出优异的阻燃性能,具有广泛的应用前景。     

苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物连续多级处理高浓度铅离子废水的应用研究

铅离子废水作为国家标准标定的一类污染物,当其浓度过高或流量过大时,在不引入其他无机化学介质改变原有水质环境的条件下,处理难度徒增,短时间内难以达到排放标准.采用连续多级聚合物吸附策略来处理高浓度铅离子废水,选用马来酸酐为亲水性功能性单体,又引入苯乙烯作为疏水基团来调节整个聚合物链的亲疏水性,进而控制整体聚合物的亲疏水性...     

含磷酰杂菲共聚酯的合成及其性能研究

9．10-二氢-9-氧-10-磷酰杂菲-10-氧化物（DOPO）是一种含磷阻燃改性单体，人们将DOPO引入到聚合物中用以改善材料的阻燃性能。其中王春山等将DOPO引入了环氧树脂、聚酰胺以及PET、PEN、PBN等聚酯中，王玉忠等将其引入了液晶共聚酯中，引入了DOPO的聚合物均表现出了良好的阻燃性质。     

功能性填料改性聚合物材料的摩擦学研究进展

聚合物材料因其质轻、价廉、耐腐蚀以及优异的自润滑特性而广泛应用于工程机械润滑领域中。加入功能性减摩和增强填料复合改性聚合物树脂可以克服本征型高分子材料的一些固有缺陷,得到低摩擦因数、高耐磨性、高承载力以及耐高温等优异特性的摩擦学复合材料。本文综述了功能性填料如碳基材料、过渡金属硫化物、微胶囊、软金属、陶瓷纳米颗粒、矿物盐以及自润滑高分子对复合材料的减摩抗磨效果及机理。同时,力学性能是保证聚合物材料服役性能和使役寿命的关键参数,也会对材料的摩擦学性能带来显著影响。本文还重点论述了纳米颗粒和纤维等填料对复合材料的增强和增韧机理。最后,展望了功能性填料对力学性能与摩擦学性能的协效作用,以及计算机模拟在复合材料摩擦学中应用的发展趋势。     

水性含氟聚氨酯的合成及表征研究进展

含氟水性聚氨酯乳液综合了水性聚氨酯和含氟聚合物的优点,解决了传统水性聚氨酯耐水、耐油性差的缺点,大大拓展了其在各等领域的应用范围,因此受到广泛关注.本文介绍了氟改性聚氨酯乳液的各种合成方法以及最新研究状况,同时概括了氟化聚氨酯乳液表征手段,并对其在国内的发展前景做出展望.     

高功能性聚合物现状及应用

高功能性聚合物材料或树脂,是指对外来的光、电、热、力等各种刺激具有敏锐的应答功能,可进行选择性、特异性工作的材料。当前,世界各先进国家竞相发展高功能性聚合物,已成为高技术领域的热门课题。 1.新材料中的高功能聚合物     

PHA及其复合材料在组织工程中的研究进展

聚羟基烷酸酯(polyhydroxyalkanoates,PHA)是一类具有良好生物相容性的生物材料.但由于这类材料具有很强的疏水性,以及降解产物可能导致无菌性炎症的发生等缺点,限制了其在组织工程中的应用.介绍了近几年来PHA的研究进展,改性方法包括复合、共聚以及氧等离子体改性.这些方法不同程度地提高了材料的性能.     

磷系列新结构环保型阻燃聚酯研究进展

聚酯(PET)具有良好的物理性能,耐摩擦,绝缘性好,冲击强度高,尺寸稳定性好,吸湿性小,电性能好,耐溶剂等优点.但是,和大多数高分子材料一样,PET具有可燃性,氧指数较低等弱点.另外,随着环保要求的不断提升和人们环境意识的逐渐提高,研究和开发环保型阻燃聚酯受到了广泛的关注.而含磷阻燃剂在高温时形成具有P=O和P-O或P...     

自组装聚合物材料技术及其应用展望

综述了采用自组装聚合物材料技术的各种制备单分子膜的方法与技术,详细介绍了各种自组装聚合物的制备特点及可能在仿生与智能材料、先进复合材料、超微量子器件的研制等领域的应用;对该技术在材料科学研究方面的发展前景及关键技术的发展方向做了相应预测.     

Technological applications of functionalized polymers

In most of the major applications of polymeric materials their mechanical properties are often of paramount importance. Even in such applications as electrical insulators their stiffness, cut and abrasion resistance will be of importance as well as their low conductivity. Now, polymers containing specific functional groups are being utilized in analytical and many synthetic organic chemical procedures [1–4], in biologically and pharmacologically active systems, in food additives, and in the field of agricultural chemicals [5]. Following their successful applications in the laboratory and industrial processes, the introduction of active functional groups, other than those previously discussed, into polymers will be discussed in the present article. It is meant only to illustrate selected aspects of more general areas of polymers in the technological uses based on their specific active functional groups, in additon to the advantageous properties of the polymeric material.     

含磷石墨烯的制备及复合涂层的耐蚀性能

以植酸(PhA)为原料,采用热解法制备含磷石墨烯(PhA-G),并以硅树脂(SiR)为成膜物制备含磷石墨烯/硅树脂(PhA-G/SiR)复合防腐蚀涂层。通过拉曼光谱和XPS分析含磷石墨烯的结构,通过SEM、TEM和AFM观察含磷石墨烯的形貌,通过接触角、吸水率、电化学阻抗谱、极化曲线和盐雾实验等研究复合涂层的耐蚀性能。结果表明：相比于纯SiR涂层和氧化石墨烯/硅树脂(GO/SiR)复合涂层,PhA-G/SiR复合涂层对金属的保护作用更好;当含磷石墨烯添加量为3%(质量分数)时,PhA-G/SiR复合涂层表现出较好的疏水性和优异的防腐蚀性能,其接触角为103.5°,吸水率为3.72%;腐蚀电流密度为3.53×10^-10 A/cm²,电化学阻抗值达到3.82×10⁷ Ω·cm²,耐盐雾达到960 h。     

非线性光学聚合物材料的研究进展

非线性光学聚合物是新型的具有很高实用价值的功能材料，在光电子信息领域具有广阔的应用前景。文中简要介绍了非线性光学理论和极化原理，综述了非线性光学聚合物材料的研究现状及进展，首重阐述了掺杂型、侧主链型、交联型及共轭型等非线性光学聚合物的结构与性能，展望了今后的研究方向。     

Development of a pH-responsive imprinted polymer for diclofenac and study of its binding properties in organic and aqueous media

Three different molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for drug delivery of diclofenac in gastrointestinal tract were synthesized employing bulk polymerization method and their binding and release properties were studied in different pH values. Methacrylic acid (MAA), methacrylamide (MAAM) and 4-vinyl pyridine (4VP) were tested as functional monomers and ethylene glycole dimethacrylate (EDMA) was used as a cross-linker monomer in polymeric feed. Binding properties and imprinting factor (IF) of MIPs were studied in comparison with their non-imprinted ones (Blank) in organic and aqueous media. Diclofenac release in aqueous solvents at pH values of 1.5, 6.0 and 8.0, simulating gastrointestinal fluids, were also studied. The results indicated the specific binding of diclofenac to imprinted polymers. Duo to the stronger non-specific bounds in aqueous solutions, IF values decreased in water compared to acetonitrile as an organic medium. Our results proved that all polymers represented pH-responsive diclofenac delivery at above conditions. The data showed that imprinted polymer, prepared by MAA had superior properties, in comparison with other polymers, for minimum release (14%) of drug in gastric acid and maximum release (90%) in basic condition. The results indicated that diclofenac imprinted polymer could be used as a pH-responsive matrix in preparation of a new drug delivery system for diclofenac.     

Development of a pH-responsive imprinted polymer for diclofenac and study of its binding properties in organic and aqueous media

Three different molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for drug delivery of diclofenac in gastrointestinal tract were synthesized employing bulk polymerization method and their binding and release properties were studied in different pH values. Methacrylic acid (MAA), methacrylamide (MAAM) and 4-vinyl pyridine (4VP) were tested as functional monomers and ethylene glycole dimethacrylate (EDMA) was used as a cross-linker monomer in polymeric feed. Binding properties and imprinting factor (IF) of MIPs were studied in comparison with their non-imprinted ones (Blank) in organic and aqueous media. Diclofenac release in aqueous solvents at pH values of 1.5, 6.0 and 8.0, simulating gastrointestinal fluids, were also studied. The results indicated the specific binding of diclofenac to imprinted polymers. Duo to the stronger non-specific bounds in aqueous solutions, IF values decreased in water compared to acetonitrile as an organic medium. Our results proved that all polymers represented pH-responsive diclofenac delivery at above conditions. The data showed that imprinted polymer, prepared by MAA had superior properties, in comparison with other polymers, for minimum release (14%) of drug in gastric acid and maximum release (90%) in basic condition. The results indicated that diclofenac imprinted polymer could be used as a pH-responsive matrix in preparation of a new drug delivery system for diclofenac.     

STM investigation of carbon nanotubes connected by functional groups

Chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is essential for many applications. Attachment of functional groups to nanotubes can dramatically increase the solubility of the nanotube material. Sidewall functional groups should react with polymers and improve the mechanical properties of nanocomposites. Tubes interconnected by chemical bonds will have a reduced contact resistance and can be used for interconnection purposes in nanoscale circuits. Carbon nanotubes covered with functional groups attached to their exterior wall were analyzed using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and TEM. The functionalization was carried out in three steps: acid treatment in H₂SO₄/HNO₃ (3:1) mixture, reaction with SOCl₂ and reaction with diaminopropanol (DAP). The binding force between the nanotubes connected by functional groups and the mechanical stability of the connection was investigated.     

Microbiological Considerations of Polymer Solutions Used in Aqueous Film Coating

Environmental and other pressures are causing pharmaceutical manufacturers to convert earlier developed solvent based film coating procedures to aqueous systems. Factors influencing microbiological proliferation in cellulosic polymer solutions are discussed. Commonly employed water soluble cellulosic polymers have been evaluated for their resistance/susceptibility to microbiological growth. The implications of the findings to the use of such aqueous polymer solutions as pharmaceutical film coatings are discussed     

水相中色氨酸分子印迹聚合物微球的合成、表征及其识别性能研究

分别以色氨酸、α-甲基丙烯酸或丙烯酸胺、三羟甲基丙烷丙烯酸酯、甲苯作为模板分子、功能单体、交联剂和致孔剂,在较佳工艺条件下水体系中合成了色氨酸分子印迹聚合物微球;其形貌、粒径分布以及模板分子与功能单体之间的相互作用分别通过SEM、激光粒度分析仪及紫外分光光度法进行表征.其吸附能力分别通过静态吸附法测定其分离因子(α)和相对分离因子(β)来确定.实验结果表明,该法合成的色氨酸分子印迹聚合物对底物具有较高的吸附选择性和较大的吸附容量.