误差激励作用下三维矩形液舱晃荡数值仿真

原始激励的随机小幅变化会对晃荡载荷造成不确定影响,往往具有较强的随机性和非线性现象.通过计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Mechanics,CFD)方法构造三维矩形液舱载液率为85%的晃荡数值模型,并基于相同条件开展模型晃荡实验;通过追踪自由表面变化和晃荡冲击压力时程比较分析验证数值模型的有效性.基于原始激励构造一定误差变化范围(2%,5%和10%)内的误差激励,通过数值模拟分别提取拐角监测位置处的晃荡载荷时程曲线.研究结果表明:在不同误差激励下,虽然晃荡波形和频率基本一致,但压力峰值偏差与误差大小不呈现正相关效应,最大偏差约为33.17%;微小激励误差有可能对晃荡载荷结果造成较大的偏差影响.     

液化天然气船液舱的晃荡

几乎对于任何移动的船舶或车辆,若所装液体具有自由液面,则必须考虑晃荡问题．主要有2个引起晃荡现象的因素：一个是舱内液体共振激励,在很多实际情况下主要关心的是那些频率在流体运动的最低阶自然频率附近的激励;另一个是液舱的瞬态运动．     

VLCC液舱晃荡仿真模型

分别采用3D模型和2D模型对VLCC液舱进行晃荡仿真,通过对两个模型的流体流动情况和对应位置压力的比较,得出短期搜索及长期分析中采用2D模型方案进行VLCC液舱晃荡仿真分析是可行的结论. 讨论两种模型的计算效率,认为2D模型方案可以大大提高仿真效率,具有工程实用性.     

基于CFD的减摇水舱流体仿真

研究海洋救助船水舱稳定性优化问题,减摇水舱是最有效的减摇装置之一,可在全航速下实现船舶横摇减摇,通常是在台架和实船实验中验证水舱性能的直接有效性,但是耗时长,造价高,针对以上实验的局限性,提出采用CFD流体软件分析水舱的特性.减摇水舱内气体和液体运动是一种典型的VOF气液两相模型,通过对海洋救助船水舱模型建模,分析了水舱内阻尼板布置不同对水舱产生的最大对抗力矩调节,对抗力矩与横摇运动之间相位差以及水舱固有周期的动特性进行仿真.仿真结果表明,减摇水舱流体优化准确性能够满足平衡性要求,为水舱的设计提高有效的依据.     

基于装配的液舱三维建模与仿真

船体结构复杂,液舱及其主要构件占实际舱容约99%的型舱容.由于实际使用中发现近似计算存在的误差较大,准确地建立液舱模型就成为准确计算舱容的关键和研究热点.本文根据液舱舱体和构件特征,采用Top-Down设计方法和基于wAVE的全相关产品设计技术,通过建立引用集对液舱舱体和构件进行参数化建模,实现了液舱在多种浮态下的三维建模与仿真,为舱容计量提供了准确的三维模型.     

气密舱放气最小载荷对疲劳试验运行时间的影响

目前歼强类飞机全尺寸疲劳试验载荷谱中,空中机动工况考核次数较多,驾驶舱及油箱等气密舱放气时间成为影响疲劳试验运行时间的关键因素。通过分析某型飞机全机疲劳试验气密舱放气原理及过程,建立理想情况下气密舱放气数学模型。通过Simulink搭建系统仿真模型,首次在国内对全尺寸飞机疲劳试验中气密舱载荷退载到最小值的过程进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明,在给定条件下,将气密舱放气最小载荷值提高3.13%后,放气时间缩短14.08%,有利于提高疲劳试验运行速度,减小运行时间,为疲劳试验提速提供参考及理论依据。     

爆炸冲击条件下的加速度传感器结构分析

针对加速度传感器在爆炸与冲击测试中的应用,从理论与有限元仿真出发,分析传感器结构的静态响应与冲击响应.在15.4×104gn的静态载荷下,传感器结构最大应力超过材料的许用应力,将会发生结构断裂.在静态载荷下,加速度传感器在15.4×104gn的冲击加速度载荷下结构最大应力超过材料的许用应力,将会发生结构断裂.在加速度传感器的工作方向上施加幅值为15×104gn,半周期为5μs、10μs、20μs、30μs、40μs的半正弦加速度冲击载荷.在幅值为15×104gn、半周期为30μs的冲击载荷下,传感器的固定端处应力为334MPa,将会使传感器断裂失效.在幅值为15×104gn、半周期为5μs、10μs、20μs的冲击载荷下,固定端处应力超过材料许用应力,将也会发生结构断裂.悬臂梁在半周期为5μs、10μs、20μs的冲击下,将会出现断裂.大体上,冲击载荷的周期越小,固定端的应力越大集中越严重.由于传感器固有周期为9.5μs,加速度传感器在半周期为10μs的冲击载荷下出现谐振,固定端处应力变大集中加剧.分析加速度传感器在冲击载荷下的结构响应为传感器的结构设计与具体应用时的可靠性分析提供了理论依据.     

航行状态下减摇水舱减摇能力仿真研究

本文根据“船舶-水舱”系统的运动模型,研究被动式减摇水舱在航行状态下的减摇能力。分别在不同海况、航速以及航向等条件下进行仿真,总结出水舱在不同航行状态下的减摇规律。并分析了可控被动式水舱的控制机理,为研究水舱的控制策略奠定了基础。     

格栅对高速列车设备舱散热性能的影响

为研究在裙板不同位置增加格栅对高速列车设备舱散热的影响,建立3种不同设备舱的高速列车空气动力学模型,分别包括原始设备舱、裙板中间增加格栅的设备舱和裙板两端增加格栅的设备舱.基于三维不可压缩N-S方程和k-ε两方程湍流模型,利用FLUENT对250 km/h高速列车设备舱的温度场和流场进行模拟.对列车上行和下行时设备舱的流场与温度场进行分析,比较在不同位置增加格栅时设备舱内温度的变化.结果表明:在裙板不同位置增加格栅对设备舱内的温度场影响较大,在裙板中间增加格栅对头车和中间车设备舱的散热不利,建议在裙板两端增加格栅以更有利于设备舱散热.     

水面无人艇自适应危险规避决策过程收敛性分析

水面无人艇(unmanned surface vehicle,USV)是一种重要的海洋自主机器人,当前正被广泛研究并逐渐应用于实际.然而USV的安全航行问题仍严重制约其自主性能的提高,尤其是在复杂海况下的危险规避问题亟待解决.以Sarsa在线策略强化学习算法为基础,提出了USV在复杂海况下的自适应危险规避决策模型,并以渐进贪心策略作为行为探索策略,证明了USV自适应危险规避决策过程能够以概率1收敛到最优行为策略.论证结果表明,采用在线策略强化学习算法提升USV在复杂海况下的危险规避性能是可行的.     

基于流固耦合的非满载液罐车制动性能分析

为研究非满载充液罐车紧急制动过程中液体晃动剧烈程度,采用有限单元法对液罐车减速过程中液体晃动进行模拟.分析了相同充液比下全防波板的数量差异、相同表面积的部分防波板安装位置对液体冲击力的影响,同时,将液体压力作为负载加载到防波板上研究防波板应力变化.仿真结果得出：纵向布置的全防波板随数量的增加,可以明显降低减速过程中液体对前封头的冲击力；与相同表面积的下端防波板相比,上端防波板对降低冲击力的影响较小；将液体晃动得到的压力作为防波板载荷输入,应力最大值出现在第二块防波板处.     

液体晃动条件下飞艇水箱动力响应仿真分析

为了增加重载飞艇的载重能力,在满足结构强度要求下飞艇上的贮水水箱需要采用薄壁结构、轻质材料等方法来减轻重量。水箱在空中受到风载荷或其他载荷的作用,会导致水箱中的液体发生晃动,水箱在液体晃动和外部载荷共同作用下,可能会遭到破坏。考虑流固耦合作用对水箱结构的影响,分别从液体小幅晃动和大幅晃动两种情况对水箱动力响应进行研究。对于大幅晃动的情况,以试验所得风载荷加速度函数作为激励,利用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法进行仿真分析。分析结果表明,小幅晃动条件下,即使水箱发生共振,其结构也不会遭到破坏;大幅晃动条件下,1.3 mm以下壁厚钢材料水箱和2.1 mm以下壁厚铝合金材料水箱结构会遭到破坏。该分析结果可为水箱部分设计参数的确定提供参考依据。     

圆柱形贮箱液晃系统稳定性边界分析

本文研究了纵向激励下液晃系统的稳定性边界.首先利用等效摆模型获得纵向激励下液体晃动的等效动力学Mathieu方程,然后利用摄动法得到随阻尼、储液高度及贮箱直径变化时的液晃系统的稳定区域.结果表明,液体晃动阻尼、储液量及贮箱尺寸对晃动稳定性具有显著影响.     

基于拉格朗日描述的罐车内液体晃动模拟

基于拉格朗日描述的柔性多体系统动力学理论,采用绝对节点坐标有限元方法描述液体大变形运动,开展铁路液罐车内液体晃动模拟研究.本方法能够模拟液体自由表面的连续性变化,并适用于研究具有复杂外形容器的内部液体晃动问题.基于流体力学牛顿体基础理论,推导液体粘性方程和满足体积不可压缩的条件方程;采用基于绝对节点坐标方法描述的实体单元进行液体网格划分;采用罚函数方法描述液体与罐体之间的接触关系,组建液体-罐体耦合多体系统动力学方程.仿真计算液罐车内液体的横向和纵向晃动行为,发现液体自由表面形状呈非线性变化,不同断面处的高度和形状不同.     

基于SPH方法的弹性体贮箱内液体晃动特性分析

采用Abaqus中的光滑粒子流体动力学(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics,SPH)求解器分析贮箱液体晃动.通过理论解验证SPH算法分析液体晃动的可行性;考察贮箱模型分别为弹性体和刚体时的压力变化,可知刚体贮箱的峰值压力比弹性体的大且其峰值出现更早;考虑贮箱为弹性体,研究在各因素下充液贮箱的晃动特性,包括充液量、晃动转角、液体材料属性和周期等.当贮箱充液量为2/3左右时,贮箱受液体晃动影响最明显;随着晃动转角的增大或周期减小,贮箱结构变形显著增大;液体材料属性对贮箱的影响有限.     

谐波平衡法求解俯仰运动矩形贮箱中液体非线性晃动

针对俯仰运动贮箱中液体的晃动用变分原理建立了一类新的Lagrange函数,以此为基础可以解析方式来研究俯仰运动贮箱中液体的非线性晃动．首先将速度势函数Φ在自由液面处作波高函数叩的Taylor级数展开,从而导出自由液面运动学和动力学边界条件非线性方程组;然后用谐波平衡法(HBM)假设其解为各次主导谐波叠加的形式,并代入方程组中得到含有未知系数相应多个代数方程式;最后用Broyden法对代数方程组求解．以无挡板开口二维、刚性矩形贮箱为例,研究了液体的大幅晃动,就液体晃动的幅值而言,在一定激励频率范围内,理论计算值与试验结果吻合较好,同时液面波高出现明显的零点漂移现象．     

微重环境下Cassini贮液腔中液体晃动特性研究

针对我国某一型号大型卫星液体燃料Cassini贮箱（腰为圆柱,两底为半球）,应用有限元方法研究了微重环境下液体的小幅晃动问题和横向受迫晃动问题,采用Galerkin方法得到了系统的有限元离散方程；得到了晃动固有频率和等效力学模型参数.针对周期脉冲激励,推导了液体作用于贮箱壁的晃动力和晃动力矩计算公式并给出了数值计算结果和分析结论.     

The Data Analyses of a Vertical Storage Tank Using Finite Element SOFT Computing

With the rapid development of the petrochemical industry, the number of largescale oil storage tanks has increased significantly, and many storage tanks are located in potential seismic regions. It is very necessary to analyze seismic response of oil storage tanks since their damage in an earthquake can lead to serious disasters and losses. In this paper, three models of vertical cylindrical oil storage tank in different sizes, which are commonly used in practical engineering are established. The dynamic characteristics, sloshing wave height and hydrodynamic pressure of the oil tank considering the liquid-structure coupling effect are analyzed by using ADINA finite element software, which are compared with the result of the standard method. The close numerical values of both results have verified the correctness and reliability of finite element model. The analytic results show that liquid sloshing wave height is basically in direct proportion to ground motion peak acceleration, the standard method of portion sloshing wave height calculation is not conservative. The hydrodynamic pressure generated by liquid sloshing caused by ground motion is not negligible compared with the hydrostatic pressure. The tank radius and oil height have a significant effect on the numerical value of hydrodynamic pressure. The ratio of the hydrodynamic pressure and hydrostatic pressure, which is named hydraulic pressure increase coefficients, is related to the height, which given by the GB 50341-2014 code in China have a high reliability. The seismic performances of tank wall near the bottom needs to be enhanced and improved in the seismic design of the oil tank.     

Numerical simulation of liquid sloshing phenomena in partially filled containers

In the simulation of the dynamic load excited by sloshing in a partially filled tank, appropriate boundary conditions need imposing to calculate the impact pressure. Traditionally, a thin artificial buffer zone is adopted near the tank ceiling and a linear combination of free surface dynamic and rigid wall boundary conditions are imposed inside the buffer zone. This investigation demonstrates that no special treatment is needed to describe the free surface, because a two-fluid approach based on a level set method is used to solve the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations in both water and air regions and the interface is treated as a variation of the fluid properties. All the boundary conditions adopted are those usually accepted in solutions of Navier-Stokes or Euler equations. Sloshing in a rectangular tank excited by a horizontal harmonic motion is assessed numerically at different filling levels and excitation frequencies. The dependency of numerical solution on grid resolution, time step size and the interface thickness are investigated. Further, numerical tests are conducted for a rectangular tank with both 45° and 60° chamfered ceiling corners subject to a harmonic rolling motion. The comparison of computed results with experimental data show the developed numerical method is capable of the simulation of dynamic pressure loads exerted on the tank walls and ceiling excited by fluid sloshing.     

Analytical and numerical study of the effects of an elastically-linked body on sloshing

In order to investigate the effects of an elastically-linked moving body on liquid sloshing inside a tank, an analytical formulation and a numerical approach were proposed to assess hydrodynamic loads in a partially filled rectangular tank with a body connected to the tank by springs. The analytical approach was developed based on the potential theory to calculate fluid velocity field, and the dynamics of the liquid sloshing coupled to the moving body are described as a mechanical system with two degrees of freedom. The coupling between the fluid and the moving body is given by a damping force calculated based on the body geometry and the fluid velocity field. The proposed numerical approach is based on the Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method, which is a Lagrangian particle-based method and very effective to model nonlinear hydrodynamics due to fluid–structure interaction. In the numerical approach, the rigid body is modeled as a cluster of particles and the motions are calculated considering its mass, moment of inertia, hydrodynamic loads and springs restoring forces. The elastic link between the body and tank is modeled by applying Hooke’s law. Simple cases of floating body motion were used to validate the numerical method. Finally, analytical and numerical results were compared. Despite its simplicity, the analytical approach proposed in the present work is an efficient approach to provide qualitative understanding and a first estimate of the moving body effects on the sloshing inside the tank. On the other hand, the numerical approach can provide more detailed information about the coupling phenomena, and it is an effective mean for the assessment of the reduction of the sloshing loads due to the moving body with elastic link. Finally, the effectiveness of the concept as a sloshing suppressing device is also investigated.