锥束CT图像矩形包围盒快速重建

针对传统锥束CT重建存在大量冗余计算的问题,建立了锥束CT图像矩形包围盒快速重建方法。该方法将重建空间限定为三维矩形包围盒,大大减少了待重建体素的数量,接着将Z线优先算法反投影部分的计算移植到GPU上加速重建。实验结果表明:该方法显著提高了锥束CT图像的重建速度,可推广应用于采用类似算法重建的CT系统。     

锥束CT扫描方式对ART算法图像重建的影响研究

平板探测器锥束CT的扫描方式对ART(Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques)算法图像重建会产生影响.本文用128×128×128三维Shepp-Logan头部模型作为仿真对象,探讨了不同源-扫描中心距离、投影数、缺角度下扫描方式对图像重建的影响.结果表明,源-扫描中心距离与扫描中心-探...     

基于FDK算法的锥束CT重建近似算法性能比较

相比通常的扇束和平行束CT重建,锥束CT有诸多优点(如空间分辨率高,扫描速度快等)。近似锥束重建算法理论结构简单,重建速度快,易于实际应用。对新出现的几种近似锥束重建算法作了简单介绍,并利用这些算法对3D Shepp-logan模型的仿真模拟对这些算法的特点作了比较和讨论。     

锥束CT的改进FDK算法及加速实现

锥束CT成像中,FDK重建算法得到广泛应用。提出一种可以扩大锥束CT旋转轴方向重建体积的FDK方法。在反投影步骤中,对重建物体的每个体素点被反投影的总次数进行计算,之后进行权重计算,最终得到三维重建图像。同时,采用CUDA技术,利用GPU对改进的FDK算法进行并行计算加速实现,提高重建效率。实验结果表明,改进的FDK算法可以增大重建体积,重建更多物体信息,采用CUDA技术后,速度大幅度提升。     

锥束CT重建FDK算法的两级并行计算研究

三维锥束CT图像的FDK算法重建由于运算量大,在重建高分辨率的图像时,重建所需时间通常难以满足实际应用的需求,集群并行计算是解决上述问题的常用方法之一.在一个SMP集群系统上,采用MPI和Pthreads两种模型相结合的方法,通过节点之间的消息传递和节点内部的共享内存,实现了FDK算法的两级并行.     

基于半扇束扫描的CT图像迭代重建算法

为解决探测器尺寸受限导致的CT图像重建区域面积受限以及X射线辐射剂量较大问题,提出一种半扇束扫描模式下的CT图像迭代重建算法。该算法将探测器水平偏置,稀疏角度下采集物体投影数据,利用ART-TV迭代算法对投影数据进行重建,达到预设迭代次数后,输出重建图像。实验结果表明:半扫描可扩大重建面积,降低探测器成本;利用迭代重建算法,降低剂量的同时重建优质CT图像。     

锥束CT图像的自适应滤波预处理方法

根据锥束CT系统噪声的性质与序列切片图像的特点,提出一种锥束CT图像的自适应滤波预处理方法.首先建立噪声判断准则,将当前滤波像素的噪声分为两类:对于高斯噪声,采用自适应中心加权的改进均值滤波算法处理,并提出用高斯噪声的层间标准差估计取代层内偏移窗口标准差估计,提高了对序列图像进行滤波的准确性;对于脉冲噪声,采用自适应中值滤波算法处理.通过叶片蜡模的锥束CT切片图像预处理实验,表明该方法在去除噪声和保护细节两方面均表现良好.     

基于硬件实现的锥束CT图像重建系统的存储机制设计

为了实现三维锥束CT图像重建加速系统的小型化,建立了基于FPGA的三维图像重建系统。并对该系统中所采用的FDK重建算法所需的数据存储量和数据传输量以及由SDRAM、SRAM和FPGA内部缓存组成的存储系统的数据吞吐率进行了研究。首先,根据FDK算法的滤波与反投影两个步骤介绍了三维锥束CT图像重建系统的数据规模。接着,介绍了一种以SDRAM为外部主存,以SRAM为外部缓存和以FPGA内部SRAM资源作为内部高速缓存的存储机制。然后,介绍了该存储机制的实现方法以及测试方法。最后对该三维图像重建系统的数据吞吐能力进行了测试,并将之与FDK算法所需的数据传输量进行了对比分析。试验结果表明:该存储机制的数据连续存取速度为151.9MB/s,数据随机存取速度为100MB/s,基本满足小规模的三维图像重建的数据存储与传输带宽的要求。     

巨大长型物体的双直线扫描断层成像

本文从实际应用背景出发，对直线源轨迹的扇束重建公式进行了简单推导，给出了相应的计算机模拟结果，同时根据实际情况提出了双直线轨迹的图像重建公式，最后将此算法推广到三维锥束图像重建，克服了传统三维图像重建中在锥角处误差很大的缺点。     

X射线非完整扫描情况下的缺陷检测研究

CT技术是一种先进的无损检测手段,被广泛应用于医学和工业领域.针对大型工业构件的无损检测问题,提出了一种x射线非完整扫描情况下的缺陷检测方法.在构件使用之前预先采集一套原始的非完整扫描投影数据,采用代数重建算法进行图像重建,将重建图像作为基准图像.再采集构件使用之后不同时刻的非完整扫描投影数据,将其重建图像与基准图像进...     

Derivative-Hilbert-Backprojection based image reconstruction from truncated projections in helical cone-beam CT

In helical cone-beam computed tomography(CT), Feldkamp-Davis-Kress(FDK) based image reconstruction algorithms are by far the most popular. However, artifacts are commonly met in the presence of lateral projection truncation. The reason is that the ramp filter is global. To restrain the truncation artifacts, an approximate reconstruction formula is proposed based on the Derivative-Hilbert-Backprojection(DHB) framework. In the method, the first order derivative filter is followed by the Hilbert transform. Since the filtered projection values are almost zero by the first order derivative filter, the following Hilbert transform has little influence on the projection values, even though the projections are laterally truncated. The proposed method has two main advantages. First, it has comparable computational efficiency and image quality as well as the conventional helical FDK algorithm for non-truncated projections. The second advantage is that images can be reconstructed with acceptable quality and much lower computational cost in comparison to the Laplace operator based algorithm in cases with truncated projections. To point out the advantages of our method, simulations on the computer and real data experiments on our laboratory industrial cone-beam CT are conducted. The simulated and experimental results demonstrate that the method is feasible for image reconstruction in the case of projection truncation.     

Three-dimensional weighting reconstruction algorithm for circular cone-beam CT under large scan angles

Improving imaging quality of cone-beam CT under large cone angle scan has been an important area of CT imaging research. Considering the idea of conjugate rays and making up missing data, we propose a three-dimensional(3D) weighting reconstruction algorithm for cone-beam CT. The 3D weighting function is added in the back-projection process to reduce the axial density drop and improve the accuracy of FDK algorithm. Having a simple structure, the algorithm can be implemented easily without rebinning the native cone-beam data into coneparallel beam data. Performance of the algorithm is evaluated using two computer simulations and a real industrial component, and the results show that the algorithm achieves better performance in reduction of axial intensity drop artifacts and has a wide range of application.     

基于异构多GPU的锥束CT图像重建研究

针对锥束CT图像重建系统中GPU型号不一致问题,提出了基于异构多GPU的重建模型。该模型基于FDK算法进行重建,采用了按计算能力进行任务分配的方法,确保各GPU计算平衡。采用数据流分解的方法,实现了海量数据的图像重建。给出了该重建模型基于CUDA的实现方法,包括采用流管理和异步函数来实现多GPU并行计算以及滤波和反投影核函数的流程设计。利用高精度工业CT系统进行模型的实验验证。结果表明：所建立的重建模型正确有效,能充分发挥系统中异构多GPU的计算能力,执行效率高。     

静态CT行包安检系统关键技术研究

本文介绍了安检用静态CT技术的基本原理,对基于超顺排碳纳米管技术的冷阴极X射线源、基于光子计数技术的多能谱X射线成像技术和安检用静态CT系统图像重建算法等进行了研究。冷阴极X射线源由基于超顺排碳纳米管技术的冷阴极X射线管、两套高压系统和1个控制系统组成,在130 kV以下可稳定工作。研制并测试了一款具有三能谱成像功能的光子计数型X射线探测器系统。对安检用静态CT系统图像重建算法进行了讨论,提出了一种解决方法。安检用静态CT系统关键技术的研究为安检用静态CT系统的研制提供了技术基础。     

Slice-wise reconstruction for low-dose cone-beam CT using a deep residual convolutional neural network

Because of the growing concern over the radiation dose delivered to patients, X-ray cone-beam CT(CBCT) imaging of low dose is of great interest. It is difficult for traditional reconstruction methods such as Feldkamp to reduce noise and keep resolution at low doses. A typical method to solve this problem is using optimizationbased methods with careful modeling of physics and additional constraints. However, it is computationally expensive and very time-consuming to reach an optimal solution. Recently, some pioneering work applying deep neural networks had some success in characterizing and removing artifacts from a low-dose data set. In this study,we incorporate imaging physics for a cone-beam CT into a residual convolutional neural network and propose a new end-to-end deep learning-based method for slice-wise reconstruction. By transferring 3D projection to a 2D problem with a noise reduction property, we can not only obtain reconstructions of high image quality, but also lower the computational complexity. The proposed network is composed of three serially connected sub-networks: a cone-to-fan transformation sub-network, a 2D analytical inversion sub-network, and an image refinement sub-network. This provides a comprehensive solution for end-to-end reconstruction for CBCT. The advantages of our method are that the network can simplify a 3D reconstruction problem to a 2D slice-wise reconstruction problem and can complete reconstruction in an end-to-end manner with the system matrix integrated into the network design. Furthermore, reconstruction can be less computationally expensive and easily parallelizable compared with iterative reconstruction methods.     

三投影CT钢管截面的二值图像重建研究

尺寸检测是保证钢管质量的重要环节,相关在线快速检测技术是目前钢管生产中亟待解决的技术难题。射线CT成像技术作为一种高效图像检测手段,能通过重建钢管截面图像获取钢管的大部分尺寸参数,特别适合对钢管质量进行检测和控制。为减少检测时间,实现钢管尺寸的在线检测和控制,本工作研究采用多源多探测器的CT扫描方式,实现了投影数据的快速获取,并根据钢管截面空间域和像素域的特点,对最大后验概率(MAP)图像重建算法进行了修正,实现了不完全投影数据条件下截面图像的重建。模拟试验的结果表明,修正后的MAP算法可做到最少3组投影下的钢管截面图像重建,得到的尺寸精度基本满足国家标准的要求,这一方法具有一定的理论和实际意义。     

Performance evaluation of the backprojection filtered （BPF） algorithm in circular fan-beam and cone-beam CT

In this article we introduce an exact backprojection filtered （BPF） type reconstruction algorithm for cone-beam scans based on Zou and Pan＇s work. The algorithm can reconstruct images using only the projection data passing through the parallel PI-line segments in reduced scans. Computer simulations and practical experiments are carded out to evaluate this algorithm. The BPF algorithm has a higher computational efficiency than the famous FDK algorithm. The BPF algorithm is evaluated using the practical CT projection data on a 450 keV X-ray CT system with a flat-panel detector （FPD）. From the practical experiments, we get the spatial resolution of this CT system. The algorithm could achieve the spatial resolution of 2.4 lp/mm and satisfies the practical applications in industrial CT inspection.     

450keV锥束CT系统的散射校正研究

在450keV锥束工业CT成像系统中,对投影数据进行适当的散射校正是一步重要的数据校正.结合国内外散射校正方法研究的现状,对一种用散射校正板来进行散射校正方法的原理和实现进行了深入的研究.实验结果表明,这种校正方法能够对450KeV锥束CT成像系统进行有效地散射校正.