填充墙RC框架结构抗连续性倒塌性能数值模拟研究

为研究填充墙钢筋混凝土（RC）框架的抗连续性倒塌性能,对其进行了数值模拟研究。基于LS-DYNA软件,建立了填充墙RC框架的连续性倒塌分析的精细化有限元模型。模型中采用连续面盖帽模型模拟砖砌体,采用接触算法模拟砂浆。通过对4榀1/4缩尺的RC框架（两榀纯框架和两榀带填充墙框架）的Pushdown试验结果进行模拟分析,验证了有限元模型的精度,并分析了填充墙厚度和砌体强度对RC框架抗连续性倒塌性能的影响。分析结果表明：在所有失柱工况中,失去中柱的填充墙RC框架抗连续性倒塌的峰值荷载最大,填充墙对失去中柱的RC框架的提高作用有限;在移除角柱工况下,填充墙RC框架的抗连续性倒塌峰值荷载最小,填充墙对失去角柱的RC框架的提高作用显著。填充墙厚度比砌体强度对RC框架抗连续性倒塌峰值荷载的提升作用影响更为显著。     

开洞填充墙RC框架抗连续倒塌性能研究

为研究边柱失效工况下开洞填充墙钢筋混凝土(RC)框架的抗连续倒塌性能,在实验室制作了一榀1/4缩尺的三层两跨的开洞填充墙框架试件,并对其进行拟静力(Pushdown)加载。试验结果表明：填充墙可以大幅提高RC框架的抗连续倒塌性能,与纯框架相比,开洞填充墙RC框架的初始刚度、峰值荷载和极限荷载分别提高了521%、209%和86%。填充墙作为等效斜压杆传递了部分竖向荷载,使开洞填充墙RC框架的节点水平向外位移较大。此外,基于LS-DYNA软件建立精细化有限元模型和简化压杆模型,有限元分析结果表明：相比于精细化有限元模型,本文所提出的简化压杆模型可以更准确模拟填充墙在连续倒塌过程中的力学行为和抗力曲线,但对再现结构的破坏模式有所欠缺。填充墙的开洞会削弱墙体对RC框架抗连续性能的提升,在开洞率相等时,洞口开在中柱附近时的削弱作用最小;而填充墙开洞率和开洞数量的增加均会降低结构的峰值荷载。     

砌体填充墙RC框架结构平面内抗震性能有限元模拟

砌体填充墙RC框架结构是我国建筑结构中普遍采用的结构形式,历次地震震害表明填充墙的刚度效应和约束效应改变了主体结构的传力机理,导致整体结构的严重破坏。为了分析其砌体填充墙RC框架侧向承载力和刚度,研究砌体填充墙与RC框架之间的相互协同工作机理和砌体填充墙的开裂模式以及砂浆层的滑移,该文利用三维实体单元和基于表面的粘性接触面模型和摩擦原理,建立一种能够较好地模拟其平面内抗震性能的分离式有限元模型。对一个已有试验分别建立普通有限元模型和分离式有限元模型,二者的分析结果与试验结果的对比表明,分离式有限元模拟方法可以更加准确地预测砌体填充墙RC框架结构的侧向承载力和刚度,并且可以有效地模拟出砌体填充墙的开裂模式,通过塑性应变可以判断出RC构件的失效。     

砌体填充墙钢框架结构三支杆模型的抗连续倒塌分析

组合结构中填充墙对结构的强度、刚度及延性有显著的影响。在连续倒塌工况下框架和墙之间的相互作用直接影响组合结构的刚度和动态特性,在设计中直接忽略填充墙作用的方法并不经济、安全。提出一种简单方法,将填充墙等效为三支杆模型来估算砌体填充墙钢框架在角部压碎模式下的刚度、竖向承载力。通过已有的砌体填充墙钢框架失效的数据建立非线性简化模型,对此模型进行连续倒塌分析得到填充墙对组合结构刚度、动态特征的影响。研究表明填充墙能有效提高结构抗连续倒塌能力。     

全填充墙钢筋混凝土框架不同失效工况下的抗连续倒塌机理研究北大核心

为研究失效工况对全填充墙钢筋混凝土(RC)框架结构抗连续倒塌性能的影响,基于有限元软件ABAQUS,建立了不同失效工况下的全填充墙RC框架的抗连续倒塌分析的精细化有限元模型,选取了合适的本构模型,并与已有的试验研究结果进行了对比,验证了建模方法和本构关系选取的合理性。在此基础上,通过对比分析了不同失效工况下的全填充墙RC框架结构抗连续倒塌的全过程荷载-位移关系、试件的整体破坏模式以及填充墙的局部破坏模式。结果表明:中柱失效工况下全填充墙RC框架的峰值荷载最高,次边柱失效工况下次之,边柱失效工况下最低;全填充墙RC框架边界在强约束作用下,与失效柱相连的框架梁发生破坏,但相邻柱并不发生破坏,且填充墙会形成撑杆效应,而弱约束作用下,试件框架梁和相邻柱均会发生破坏,边界一侧无约束作用下,破坏会向有边界约束侧的相邻跨发生传递。     

阻尼填充墙简化力学模型研究

对阻尼填充墙砌体单元与框架柱的相互作用过程、阻尼填充墙的抗侧力及耗能机理、阻尼填充墙对框架梁的作用、填缝措施的作用等进行分析,揭示阻尼填充墙的工作机理,给出阻尼填充墙的破坏形态;在此基础上,用两根串联有弹簧-黏壶单元的斜撑表征阻尼填充墙对框架的刚度和耗能贡献,提出阻尼填充墙的简化力学模型——双斜撑模型;通过理论推导,得出阻尼填充墙双斜撑模型相关参数的计算公式,并采用该模型对框架阻尼填充墙进行水平循环荷载作用下的滞回性能分析,分析结果表明,阻尼填充墙双斜撑模型的分析结果与试验结果及仿真结果吻合良好。     

填充墙的平面内损伤对其平面外承载力折减系数的影响

在真实地震场景下,填充墙一般会受到平面内和平面外两个方向共同的地震作用。填充墙的平面内和平面外抗震性能之间存在着较强的耦合作用,平面内损伤会导致平面外承载力降低。建立填充墙钢筋混凝土(RC)框架的有限元模型,通过模拟结果与试验数据的对比验证了模型的有效性,并利用模型进行了数值分析,探讨了砌体填充墙在双向荷载下的抗震性能以及加载模式、高宽比、高厚比和砌块抗压强度对填充墙平面内损伤后的平面外承载力的影响。最后,在试验数据和数值分析结果的基础上,提出了填充墙的平面内损伤对平面外承载力的折减系数计算式。该计算式基于填充墙平面外荷载传递机制,引入了一个综合考虑水平和竖直两个方向的几何参数。与现有计算式相比,新计算式与试验数据的拟合情况较好。     

钢筋混凝土平面等效桁架模型

针对钢筋混凝土结构有限元分析模型复杂性和难以确定的断裂损伤关系,提出了一种简便的钢筋混凝土有限元模型——平面等效桁架模型。通过RC结构平面应力单元和平面等效桁架单元在同样的节点荷载作用下的位移等效,分析了桁架单元中各桁架杆件的初始等效轴向刚度、等效截面积和等效弹性模量。借鉴有限元求解模式,建立RC平面桁架单元的单元刚度矩阵、应变矩阵和轴力矩阵,进而得出RC平面等效桁架整体式模型和相应的破坏准则。最后,用可视化的VISUAL BASIC语言编制程序计算了Scordelies和Bresler试验梁,理论分析和计算结果表明,对平面应力(应变)问题。用此单元达到简化计算模型,通过一维桁架杆件的开裂或压碎方便模拟构件裂缝的发生和延伸和结构刚度的退化,并有较好的计算精度。     

考虑填充墙影响的教学楼框架结构推覆分析

针对砌体填充墙框架结构在地震作用的下的受力特点,分析了填充墙RC框架结构产生震害的主要原因。建立填充墙简化分析的等效斜撑模型,利用SAP2000有限元分析软件进行填充墙框架结构教学楼的地震反应推覆分析。侧向加载模式分别采用振型荷载模式和均布荷载模式,主要考察填充墙对典型RC框架结构教学楼在大震作用下抗震性能的影响。分析结果表明:在大震作用下,结构达到能力谱方法确定的性能点时,按现行规范设计的框架结构教学楼的层间弹塑性变形能够满足规范要求。但填充墙的影响改变了框架结构塑性铰的分布和发展水平,尤其半高填充墙对框架柱的约束使得底层框柱可能发生剪切破坏,使结构在大震下倒塌的危险性增大。研究结果可为此类结构在大震作用下的抗震性能评价及抗震加固提供参考。     

基于等效斜压杆理论的RC框架填充墙承载力计算方法研究北大核心

系统总结了国内外基于等效斜压杆理论的RC框架填充墙承载力计算方法,综合考虑填充墙对结构整体抗震能力的有利和不利影响,并结合试验研究,提出了一种相对简单可行的计算方法。该方法考虑了填充墙开窗洞、开门洞的影响。为验证该方法的合理性,还进行了基于等效斜压杆理论的RC框架填充墙数值模拟研究。结果表明,RC框架填充墙承载力理论计算值与有限元模拟值均与试验值吻合良好,提出的计算方法可供既有框架填充墙结构承载力评估时参考。     

带砌体填充墙框架弹性抗侧刚度计算方法对比分析

对于带砌体填充墙框架,当填充墙与框架紧密接触时,填充墙将会提高纯框架的侧向刚度,可能改变结构的平面及竖向侧向刚度分布,影响其在地震作用下的承载力及耗能能力等抗震性能。 为研究带填充墙框架在弹性阶段抗侧刚度的合理计算方法, 整理了以等效斜压杆模型为主的国内外相关计算公式, 并结合近年来带填充墙的框架在低周往复荷载作用下的试验, 将理论计算结果与试验实测值进行对比分析。结果表明： 在带填充墙的RC框架中,直接考虑填充墙弯曲变形和剪切变形得到的弹性阶段抗侧刚度计算值为实测值的1.94~8.05倍;在等效斜压杆模型中,斜压杆的宽度对抗侧刚度的计算结果影响很大;斜压杆宽度的取值应考虑填充墙与框架之间相对刚度的影响,其中MSJC提出的斜压杆宽度计算公式较为合理。     

基于易损性的RC空间框架填充墙结构连续倒塌能力分析

为研究填充墙对RC空间框架抗竖向连续倒塌能力的影响,对一栋6层双跨RC框架结构采用OpenSees有限元软件进行了建模,利用集中塑性的beamWithHinges单元模拟填充墙的性能。考虑到结构的不确定性,在有限元模型的基础上采用改进的拉丁超立方体抽样法获得了性能不同的100个纯框架结构和100个框架填充墙结构,并采用PDA方法和竖向IDA方法对取得的样本进行了易损性分析和对比。分析结果表明：填充墙提高了框架结构的抗倒塌能力,发生连续倒塌概率相同的情况下,框架填充墙结构的承载能力要比纯框架结构的高10%~20%。此外,两种分析方法对纯框架结构的抗连续倒塌能力分析差别较小,而对于带填充墙的框架结构,PDA方法计算结果则偏于保守。     

A macro-modelling approach for the analysis of infilled frame structures considering the effects of openings and vertical loads

During the last decades, several macro-models have been proposed for the modelling of the infill panels' contribution to the lateral strength of frames. Despite all this effort, a robust model, which takes into account the influence of the vertical load, is not yet available. Furthermore, the influence of the very common case of infill walls with openings, such as windows and doors, has been neglected in all the code provisions that have been published so far. In this paper, an updated macro-model, based on the equivalent pin-jointed diagonal compressive strut, is presented. The proposed macro-model is able to represent the stiffening effect of the infill panel with openings by taking into account both the size of the opening and the vertical load acting on the frame. Detailed and in-depth parametrical investigation, based on finite element analysis, shows that the proposed mathematical macro-model can be used as a reliable and useful tool for the determination of the equivalent compressive strut width since it accounts for a large number of parameters, which are not generally accounted for by the already available models in the literature.     

RC框架填充墙的计算模型探讨

为了使建筑结构设计过程中,合理考虑填充墙的作用,总结并探讨了RC框架填充墙的计算模型。砌体填充墙计算模型主要包括斜压杆模型、匀质化连续有限元模型及精细化有限元模型。通过分析及实例验证表明,填充墙采用匀质化连续模型,墙-框截面采用界面单元模型计算,能较好地评价RC填充墙框架的性能,应用于实际工程是可行的。     

填充墙钢筋混凝土框架结构基于位移的改进抗震设计方法

按现行抗震规范设计的底部空框架填充墙钢筋混凝土框架结构,可能无法实现“强柱弱梁”的预期延性破坏机制。为此,建立了填充墙与主体框架协同作用的等效斜撑-框架模型,改进等效单自由度体系阻尼比与刚度的确定方法,提出了填充墙钢筋混凝土框架结构基于位移的抗震设计方法;针对底部为空框架的填充墙钢筋混凝土框架结构进行不同性能目标下的静力推覆分析,实现其“使用良好”、 “修复后使用”和“防止倒塌”性能水平的抗震设计。采用动力弹塑性时程分析方法和能力谱法验证了基于位移的改进抗震设计方法的有效性。分析表明,应用基于位移的改进抗震设计方法,可综合考虑填充墙对主体框架的利弊作用,实现结构性能抗震设计目标。     

钢筋混凝土框架填充墙结构抗震性能分析

针对砌体填充墙框架结构在地震作用下的受力特点,结合汶川地震,分析了填充墙框架结构产生震害的主要原因。建立了填充墙简化分析的等效双压杆模型。着重研究了地震荷载作用下,填充墙对框架性能的影响。结果表明,砌体填充墙对提高结构的抗侧刚度和强度有一定的作用,改变了框架结构塑性铰的分布和发展水平。同时也表明,砌体填充墙在地震作用时有一定的耗能能力。     

Experimental study on separating reinforced concrete infill walls from steel moment frames

In a multistory building frame, stiff reinforced concrete (RC) infill walls may be terminated above the first story for architectural purposes, which may create a soft-first-story structure. To eliminate this detrimental situation, this paper proposes to separate the RC infill wall from the steel moment frame by slits. An experimental program of four one-bay-by-one-story steel moment frame specimens along with pushover analyses of multistory frame models were presented to validate the proposed idea. This study conducted cyclic loading tests on a total of four moment-resisting-frame specimens, which included one bare frame; one with ordinary RC infill wall; and two with side slits between RC wall and frame members. Furthermore, pushover analyses of multistory frame models with soft first story configurations were also conducted to illustrate the effect of RC infill walls with or without slit separation. Both experimental and analytical results showed that the stiff RC infill wall dominated the lateral resistance and drift capacity of the test specimens, and that by adding slit-separated features at the edges of infill walls improved the drift capacity. It is concluded that the slit-separated features can be a viable option to eliminate the soft-story problem caused by vertically irregular configuration of RC infill walls.     

Correlation analysis of a reinforced-concrete building under tsunami load pattern and effect of masonry infill walls on tsunami load resistance

The 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami caused damage to many buildings and killed a lot of people in several Indian Ocean countries, including Thailand. Several reinforced-concrete (RC) buildings in Southern Thailand that were gravity-load-designed buildings suffered damage due to the tsunami. To understand the behaviour of RC buildings under tsunami loads, the one-story building, which was the former office of the Thai Meteorological Department located in Phang-Nga province, was tested under tsunami load patterns. In this research, the RC building is modelled for three-dimensional non-linear static pushover analysis. In the building model, masonry infill walls are idealised as diagonal struts by using uniaxial non-linear springs, and plastic hinges are modelled by non-linear fibre elements. The results of the building model agree well with test results. The effect of masonry infill walls is investigated by considering various wall arrangement patterns. The building with masonry infill walls can resist the lateral load two times higher than the resistance of the building without masonry infill wall. The masonry infill walls with the appropriate arrangement can significantly improve the load-resisting capacity of the building under tsunami loads.     

Analytical estimation of lateral resistance of low‐shear strength masonry infilled reinforced concrete frames with openings

Presence of openings in an infill wall alters its behavior and reduces load resistance and stiffness of the infilled frame. In this paper, a simple method for estimating the lateral resistance of infilled frames with openings is proposed based on experimental data. Six half‐scale, single‐story single‐bay reinforced concrete frame specimens were tested under in‐plane lateral loading. The lateral strength of reinforced concrete (RC) frame could be estimated by assuming the formation of plastic hinges in the end regions of the members. In the specimens with central openings, the major load resistance mechanism of the infill panel was the formation of a compression strut and lateral strength of infill panel could be considered as the smallest values of the diagonal tension and corner crushing modes. In the specimens with eccentric openings, the load resistance mechanism of masonry infill was the formation of a compression strut and bed‐joint sliding in 2 opposite loading directions; thus, the lateral resistance of infill panel could be estimated in diagonal tension and corner crushing modes in one direction and bed‐joint sliding mode in another direction. Furthermore, the deformation capacity and structural performance levels are suggested for solid and perforated infill panels based on test observations.