标准化与计算机辅助工艺文件管理

工艺科学管理的重要标志之一,是应用计算机,建立数据库,进行工艺数据管理,实现计算机辅助工艺管理。我厂从1989年至今已将各种工艺文件的内容输入了计算机,建立了工艺数据库和工艺文件计算机管理系统。而工艺标准化是应用计算机辅助工艺文件管理的基础,是该技术能否发挥作用的关键。     

在产品开发中的创新工艺链——在产品开发的早期阶段创新加工方法的潜能

集成化的工艺设计提供了利用创新加工方法合理化潜能的可能性。通过将选择工艺及早集成到设计过程中,并考虑材料和加工方法特定边界条件的情况下来规划产品的特征。这样就可能优化地协调产品、材料和工艺,并由此缩短了工艺链。为了实现集成的工艺设计的系统化,对加工方法的选择以及创成工艺链进行了研究。工艺链一般由核心工艺(成形工艺)和若干辅助工艺(改变性能的工艺、变形工艺或连接工艺)所组成。其目标是开发一个将创新工艺及早与产品形成过程相结合的工具。     

从我厂实践谈企业工艺标准化的重要作用

工艺标准化是整个企业工艺工作的组成部分,它对企业工艺管理、工艺纪律、工艺水平的提高起着重要的作用。只有搞好企业工艺标准化才能使加强工艺管理、提高工艺水平、严格工艺纪律收到良好的效果。 企业工艺标准化,就是根据国内外工艺技术成就和先进管理方法,并结合生产实际,对工艺工作中的共同性问题、重复使用的方法和要素,     

虚拟MEMS加工工艺的定义、关键技术与实现框架

首先提出了虚拟MEMS加工工艺的概念,它是利用图形动态生长,来模拟每步工艺过程,整个工艺过程中形状变化均包含在虚拟工艺中。其次,分析了实现虚拟工艺所涉及的关键技术：工艺描述、工艺模型和加工过程的可视化。第三,给出了基于专家系统技术的虚拟工艺实现框架。最后,实现了一种表面硅工艺的例子,初步验证了实现框架时间和精确度的可行性。     

船舶焊接工艺知识管理技术研究

船舶焊接工艺设计涉及的工艺知识范围广泛,用到的信息和知识繁杂。因此,对船舶焊接工艺知识进行系统化表示,建立丰富的工艺知识库,不仅是船舶焊接工艺设计的基础,而且对船舶制造技术的提高具有重要意义。本文基于船舶焊接工艺知识管理系统（SWPKM）的开发,采用了面向对象建模和产生式规则技术,对船舶焊接工艺知识进行了全面分析,论述了船舶焊接工艺知识表示、工艺知识库构建等。     

试论企业工艺标准体系

工艺是降低产品劳动和物质消耗,保证产品 质量和产量的重要手段。工艺水平直接反映着企 业的生产力、产品水平及质量、新产品开发及消 化吸收能力、市场应变能力、产品竞争力、劳动 生产率及综合经济效益的大小。工艺的执行及工 艺水平的实现有赖于工艺管理,工艺管理的依据 就是工艺管理制度和工艺标准,而工艺管理(工 作)标准是由工艺管理制度及责任制“升华”而 来(“升华”不同于“转化”)。工艺管理的趋向 是工艺标准化。企业工艺标准体系的建立是实现 工艺标准化的前提。本文就企业工艺标准化体系 谈些看法。     

试述内孔滚压工艺原理

本文阐述内孔滚压工艺的原理,及滚压工艺参数及其合理的选择,并对滚压工艺进行深入研究,掌握滚压工艺特点,丰富内孔加工工艺方法。     

等径角挤压工艺的研究进展

等径角挤压(ECAP)是一种以纯剪切方式实现块体材料大塑性变形从而获得超细晶材料的工艺。介绍了ECAP工艺的技术原理、工艺路线、研究现状及该工艺存在的优缺点。阐述了目前基于传统ECAP工艺的改进工艺的研究状况,包括ECAP模具的改进以及传统ECAP工艺与其他工艺的合成两个方面的内容,并预期了今后ECAP工艺的发展方向。     

从我厂实践谈提高工艺文件标准化水平

一、工艺标准化的作用 工艺标准化是加强工艺科学管理,提高工艺技术水平,缩短生产工艺准备周期的手段。任何一种产品,要具有高水平的产品质量,首先应具有先进的工艺。企业内部的工艺工作,在产品的各个生产阶段和每个生产环节,都是相当繁重和复杂的。无论是单件、小批量或中批量生产,还是大批量生产类型的企业,都要做大量的工艺工作。编制数量可观的工艺文件。开展工艺标准化,既能保证工艺文件的成套性,格式的一致性,技术的先进性、质量的可靠性和管理的科学性,又     

某型机外涵承力环精益加工研究

本文以某型航空发动机外涵承力环为典型零件,介绍了腐蚀工艺、热处理工艺在钛合金材料中的应用,介绍了缩短钛合金零件加工周期的方法,同时还介绍了在数控加工中利用层铣刀提高数控铣加工效率的技术。根据腐蚀工艺和热处理工艺的工艺特点,通过调整加工余量的方式,改变热处理工艺和腐蚀工艺的工艺顺序,从而杜绝了零件的半精加工工序,缩短了零件的工艺路线,提高了零件的加工效率,缩短了零件的加工周期。解决了钛合金零件冗长的工艺路线的问题,为今后钛合金零件的加工技术提供参考。     

磷酸盐生物玻璃粘接剂对HA植入体烧结的影响

通过在原料中添加磷酸盐玻璃粘接剂改善HA生物陶瓷的烧结性能，测定试样的线收缩率，研究了粘接剂对HA植入体烧结的影响。结果表明磷酸盐生物玻璃粘接剂能形成液相而促进材料烧结，降低烧结温度。     

Effect of bioglass additions on the sintering of Y-TZP bioceramics

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of bioglass additions on the sintering and mechanical properties of yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramics, Y-TZP. Samples containing different bioglass additions, varying between 0 and 30 wt.%, were cold uniaxial pressed at 80 MPa and sintered in air at 1200 °C or 1300 °C for 120 min. Sintered samples were characterized by X-ray Diffractometry and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Hardness and fracture toughness were determined using Vickers indentation method. As a preliminary biological evaluation, in vitro cytotoxicity tests by Neutral Red Uptake method (using mouse connective tissue cells, NCTC clone L929 from ATCC bank) were realized to determine the cytotoxicity level of ZrO₂-bioglass ceramics. The increasing of bioglass amount leads to the decreasing of relative density due to martensitic (tetragonal-monoclinic) transformation during cooling of the sintered samples. Y-TZP samples sintered at 1300 °C containing 5 wt.% of bioglass presented the best results, with high relative density, hardness and fracture toughness of 11.3 GPa and 6.1 MPa m^1/2, respectively. Furthermore, the un-cytotoxic behavior was observed in all sintering conditions and bioglass amounts used in this study.     

生物玻璃在组织修复中的研究进展

生物玻璃最早被应用于硬骨组织修复,近些年越来越多的研究证明其还可用于修复软骨和软组织,如皮肤、角膜、肺、神经组织等。具有代表性的生物玻璃包括硅酸盐生物玻璃和硼酸盐生物玻璃,这类生物玻璃在体内环境中能够快速释放大量的离子,发挥特殊的生物学效应,如抑菌活性,细胞附着、繁殖和迁移、血管生成等。掺杂元素对生物玻璃的性能起到重要的作用,进而调控组织修复中的不同效果。并且,生物玻璃的结构也对细胞的生长及组织修复有着重要的作用。由于生物玻璃韧性低、脆性高,常与金属、多聚物等制备成复合材料应用于组织修复。综述了生物玻璃物理化学性质与生物学活性的关系,同时介绍和探讨了基于生物玻璃衍生出来的复合材料及其应用,为开发新型的组织修复材料提供参考。     

Highly adherent bioactive glass thin films synthetized by magnetron sputtering at low temperature

Thin (380–510 nm) films of a low silica content bioglass with MgO, B₂O₃, and CaF₂ as additives were deposited at low-temperature (150°C) by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering onto titanium substrates. The influence of sputtering conditions on morphology, structure, composition, bonding strength and in vitro bioactivity of sputtered bioglass films was investigated. Excellent pull-out adherence (~73 MPa) was obtained when using a 0.3 Pa argon sputtering pressure (BG-a). The adherence declined (~46 MPa) upon increasing the working pressure to 0.4 Pa (BG-b) or when using a reactive gas mixture (~50 MPa). The SBF tests clearly demonstrated strong biomineralization features for all bioglass sputtered films. The biomineralization rate increased from BG-a to BG-b, and yet more for BG-c. A well-crystallized calcium hydrogen phosphate-like phase was observed after 3 and 15 days of immersion in SBF in all bioglass layers, which transformed monotonously into hydroxyapatite under prolonged SBF immersion. Alkali and alkali-earth salts (NaCl, KCl and CaCO₃) were also found at the surface of samples soaked in SBF for 30 days. The study indicated that features such as composition, structure, adherence and bioactivity of bioglass films can be tailored simply by altering the magnetron sputtering working conditions, proving that this less explored technique is a promising alternative for preparing implant-type coatings.     

卵磷脂对生物活性玻璃表面改性的研究

采用卵磷脂对生物活性玻璃粉体表面进行改性处理, 并研究了生物活性玻璃与卵磷脂的相互作用. 热分析(TG/DSC)、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析表明, 卵磷脂在生物活性玻璃表面附着,通过氢键等弱键相互作用. 表面改性后的生物活性玻璃粉体与壳聚糖复合后, 复合材料的力学强度与未处理的相比有明显提高. 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果显示, 经处理后的生物活性玻璃粉体在壳聚糖中分散均匀, 两者结合紧密, 表明卵磷脂改性可以有效地提高生物活性玻璃粉体与壳聚糖有机基质的界面结合强度.     

Fabrication and characterization of biomorphic 45S5 bioglass scaffold from sugarcane

A biomorphic 45S5 bioglass scaffold has been fabricated from natural plant sugarcane successfully by a novel biotemplating process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) technologies were employed to characterize the morphology, phase and chemical composition of the products. Experimental results show that the as-fabricated 45S5 bioglass scaffold retained the microstructure of sugarcane very well, and consisted of major crystal phase Na₂Ca₂Si₃O₉ of hexagonal system, secondary crystal phase orthorhombic NaCaPO₄ and amorphous glass. The biomorphic 45S5 bioglass scaffold may be a promising candidate scaffold for bone tissue engineering.     

In vitro study of nano-sized zinc doped bioactive glass

Surface reactivity in physiological fluid has been linked to bioactivity of a material. Past research has shown that bioactive glass containing zinc has the potential in bone regeneration field due to its enhanced bioactivity. However, results from literature are always contradictory. Therefore, in this study, surface reactivity of bioactive glass containing zinc was evaluated through the study of morphology and composition of apatite layer formed after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). Nano-sized bioactive glass with 5 and 10 mol% zinc were synthesized through quick alkali sol–gel method. The synthesized Zn–bioglass was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). Samples after SBF immersion were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and EDX. Morphological study through SEM showed the formation of spherical apatite particles with Ca/P ratio closer to 1.67 on the surface of 5 mol% Zn–bioglass. Whereas, the 10 mol% Zn–bioglass samples induced the formation of flake-like structure of calcite in addition to the spherical apatite particles with much higher Ca/P ratio. Our results suggest that the higher Zn content increases the bioactivity through the formation of bone-bonding calcite as well as the spherical apatite particles.     

The processing and static mechanical properties of metal fibre reinforced bioglass

The development of bioglass composites is presented. Stainless steel AlSl 316 L fibres are introduced into bioglass by immersion of premade porous fibre skeletons into molten bioglass. It is shown that this technique is simple and effective in obtaining metal fibre reinforced bioglass. Thermal shock, tensile tests and three-point bend tests all show a marked increase of strength of the composite over the parent glass and a substantial improvement of toughness.     

Composite bone substitute materials based on β-tricalcium phosphate and magnesium-containing sol–gel derived bioactive glass

In the present study, bioceramic composites with improved mechanical and biological properties were synthesized by sintering mixtures of β-tricalcium phosphate and SiO₂–CaO–MgO–P₂O₅ sol–gel derived bioactive glass at 1000–1200°C. The physical, mechanical, structural and biological properties of the composites were evaluated by appropriate experiments such as microhardness, bending strength, XRD, SEM and MTT. The results showed that 1000 and 1100°C were not appropriate temperatures for sintering the composites and in contrast, the microhardness, bending strength and bulk density significantly increased by increasing in quantity of bioglass phase when the samples were sintered at 1200°C. No significant difference was found between the fracture toughness of the composites and pure β-tricalcium phosphate. β-tricalcium phosphate was structurally stable up to 1200°C and did not transform to its alpha form even in the presence of the bioglass phase but migration of magnesium cations from the glass composition into its lattice structure was found by right-shift in XRD patterns, especially when the composite contained higher amount of bioglass component. Calcium silicate was also crystallized in the composition of the composites, which was more detectable in higher sintering temperatures. The results of the MTT test showed that proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells on the composites was considerably better than that of pure β-TCP.     

电泳沉积制备羟基磷灰石/生物玻璃梯度涂层的研究

本文研究了羟基磷灰石颗粒、生物玻璃颗粒在醋酸介质中的电泳沉积规律 ,利用它们不同的沉积规律设计了羟基磷灰石 /生物玻璃梯度沉积装置。用电子探针分析了涂层横截面元素分布 ,表明所设计的装置可实现羟基磷灰石和生物玻璃的梯度涂层