镁合金中的MgO夹杂物及熔剂精炼过程的研究

采用扫描电镜及电子探针对镁合金中单颗粒夹杂物进行了成分分析。结果表明：在MgO夹杂物内部，各处的成分并不均一，且夹杂物伴随着气孔产生。研究推导了单个夹杂物颗粒被熔剂裹覆后在镁合金液中的沉降速度表达式。得出了熔剂粘附层厚度与夹杂物沉降速度之间的关系，计算了夹杂物在镁合金液中的沉降速度，测定了精炼熔剂在试块上的粘附层厚度。通过对熔剂夹杂物成分的检测分析，证实了熔剂在精炼除渣过程中的作用。     

镁合金熔体中夹杂物的表征及净化研究进展

综述了镁合金中主要夹杂物的形貌、特征、成分及形成原因,简要归纳了夹杂物净化的方法,总结了熔铸工艺和净化因素对于夹杂物形貌控制、去除效果的影响规律,包括熔剂因素、精炼温度和静置时间,并指出应加强镁合金夹杂物的研究.     

气体保护熔炼条件下Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金的夹杂物

本文研究了气体保护条件下,常规熔铸的Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金中夹杂物的形貌、分布及形成原因,并通过计算分析了夹杂物的沉降行为.结果表明,Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金中有MgO或Y的氧化物为主的球状、簇状、不规则状、线状的复合夹杂物和含熔剂夹杂物,夹杂物的平均尺寸为12.7μm,平均体积分数为0.26%.夹杂物出现的频率随其尺寸增大而急剧减小,尺寸在20μm以下的夹杂物占夹杂物总体积接近85%,尺寸在45μm以下的夹杂物占96%.计算结果表明,夹杂物沉降速率与其尺寸和密度相关;夹杂物密度增大,可使镁合金中夹杂物的最大尺寸减小,计算得到的合金中最大夹杂物的尺寸与实验结果基本一致.     

Cu熔体中氧化夹杂在超重力场下的运动规律

对超重力场条件下Cu熔体中的氧化夹杂进行受力分析,建立夹杂颗粒沿超重力方向上的运动速度与运动距离方程,并通过理论计算分析重力系数、夹杂物特性(尺寸、种类、含量)以及熔体温度对夹杂物在超重力场中运动行为的影响。计算结果表明,超重力场能强化Cu熔体中氧化夹杂的定向分离过程,其中重力系数、夹杂物尺寸、夹杂与熔体之间密度差(固液密度差)对夹杂颗粒运动行为影响较大。较大的重力系数、夹杂物尺寸以及固液密度差均有利于夹杂物的上浮去除。     

转炉-连铸工序生产低碳铝镇静钢中夹杂物的研究

采用添加示踪剂的方法对转炉-CAS-连铸工艺生产低碳铝镇静钢中的夹杂物进行了研究,结果表明:出钢或CAS精炼过程中炉渣与钢液作用生成的夹杂物,尺寸在30 μm以下的夹杂物很难从钢液中完全上浮排出.铸坯中的主要夹杂物为来源于钢包渣与钢液作用生成的球状夹杂物、块状Al 2O 3夹杂物.连铸坯中的全氧含量在(38～53)×10 -6之间,夹杂物的含量在 2.3 mg/kg左右,表明该工艺可以生产较高纯净度的低碳铝镇静钢坯.     

AZ91D镁合金中的夹杂物

就镁合金铸件中夹杂物的形成过程以及它们对镁合金铸件质量的影响进行了分析。试验研究表明,在镁合金中,主要存在有氧化物夹杂、熔剂夹杂和外来夹杂等几种夹杂物,其中最主要的夹杂物是氧化物夹杂。通过适当工艺可以去除大部分夹杂物。     

钢液夹杂物粒径与上浮时间关系研究

基于单个球形夹杂物为研究对象,忽略夹杂物间及对流等因素的影响,对比计算了钢液中夹杂物的匀速及加速上浮时间,并分析了密度条件和夹杂物尺寸对上浮时间的影响。结果表明,上浮时间与匀速处理时相对误差较小,可以将夹杂物的上浮按照匀速过程处理;浇铸前钢液进行5~10 min镇静处理,可使钢液中密度为2 700~3 100 kg/m3的尺寸较大夹杂物(dФ50μm)完全上浮,有效避免铸钢件上表面或铸锭上部产生夹渣或夹杂类缺陷,减少轧材或轧板的表面缺陷。随夹杂物颗粒密度增大,其上浮时间将延长。而夹杂物尺寸的减小,上浮时间急剧上升,正比于1/r2。     

ZM6镁合金铸件夹杂物表征及其对拉伸力学性能的影响

夹杂是影响ZM6镁合金铸件力学性能的重要因素。通过拉伸试验测试含有夹杂缺陷ZM6镁合金的力学性能,对试样断口宏观形貌和微观形貌进行观察,测量夹杂物尺寸,定量研究夹杂物的等效直径对抗拉强度和伸长率的影响,建立抗拉强度和伸长率分别与夹杂物等效直径之间的函数关系,并采用ANSYS软件建立含有不同夹杂物尺寸的ZM6镁合金有限模型。结果表明：ZM6合金中的夹杂物主要为氧化镁;等效直径能够很好的表征夹杂物尺寸,随着夹杂物等效直径的增大,抗拉强度和伸长率会随之降低;有限元模拟表明夹杂物和基体界面位置存在明显应力集中,且位于基体较薄界面位置,可较准确预测含不同尺寸夹杂物的合金拉伸性能,拉伸应力应变曲线偏差5%之内,抗拉强度预测误差小于10%。     

72A盘条钢中的夹杂物以及索氏体化率对力学性能影响

通过金相观察统计以及夹杂物电解与能谱分析,对不同批号72A盘条产品索氏体化率以及夹杂物类型与尺寸进行研究.结果表明,72A盘条中的夹杂物主要为尺寸小于20μm的氧化物夹杂,较大颗粒的夹杂物对盘条抗拉强度无显著影响;大颗粒夹杂物含量百分比较高的盘条断面收缩率较低;而盘条索氏体化率低是影响其抗拉强度的原因.     

船板钢铸坯中大型夹杂物的分析

为了解船板钢铸坯中夹杂物含量、尺寸及来源,采用大样电解法提取B、D船板钢铸坯中的大型夹杂物,利用扫描电镜和能谱仪对夹杂物的形貌和组成进行分析,并对尺寸大于50 μm的夹杂物的来源进行了分析。试验结果表明,在铸坯宽度1/4处夹杂物含量最高。铸坯中尺寸大于50 μm的大型夹杂物主要来源于浇铸过程的卷渣,其余为LF精炼过程对钢中夹杂物进行钙处理的产物、浸入式水口及耐火材料侵蚀产物、钢液二次氧化产物。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.