Organizational Slack and Knowledge Creation in Product Development Projects: The Role of Project Deliverables

Our concern is with how changes in organizational slack affect knowledge creation in product development projects. We operationalize a change in organizational slack as changed possibilities to depart from project deliverables in NPD projects. Through case research in high velocity industries we identify the effect a change in organizational slack has on knowledge creation processes inside product development projects. In particular we highlight the effects on tacit and explicit knowledge. More specifically we find that reduced slack creates a focus on explicit knowledge rather than tacit knowledge, which may reduce the ability to create knowledge creation and ultimately to innovate.     

Design and Evaluation of a Conversational Agent for Facilitating Idea Generation in Organizational Innovation Processes

Information Systems Frontiers - Large numbers of incomplete, unclear, and unspecific submissions on idea platforms hinder organizations to exploit the full potential of open innovation initiatives...     

Collaborative Processes and Knowledge Creation in Communities‐of‐Practice

This paper challenges the view of employees’ reluctance to share what they know, thus, attributing the ‘stickiness’ of knowledge to motivational factors. The study investigated informal mechanisms for knowledge sharing, taking a community‐of‐practice (CoP) perspective as a point of departure. A large‐sized organisation in the utilities sector provided the context of the research. Existing CoP theory is advanced by surfacing the motivations for participation in CoPs, by eliciting the contributions informal, self‐organising communities achieve in a commercial context and by documenting the process by which informal community activities become absorbed into the formal organisation.     

Creating Interdependencies: Managing Incidents in Large Organizational Environments

In recent years, we have witnessed the emergence of large-scale centers of command and control that bring together a range of personnel from various services responsible for the management of day-to-day incidents and events. These multicenter control rooms stand in marked contrast to what Suchman termed ‘centers of coordination’ (Suchman 1997), which have typically formed the focus of much research within HCI and Computer supported co-operative work (CSCW). In this paper, we explore the practices and technical resources within one of these very large multicenter control rooms. Staff in this control room do collaborate with colleagues who are copresent, but there is little reliance on the subtle interactional practices found in earlier studies. However, one information system is critical for collaboration and managing incidents that arise: the information system that is used to record incidents. Unlike in previous settings where records were made after an incident had taken place, these records are used for the concurrent management of activities. We consider the practices through which staff assemble these records to serve the demands of different individuals, with differing responsibilities in various organizations within the control room. We consider instances of copresent collaboration and suggest that these are often to ameliorate problems with the records rather than supporting real-time colocated activities. Although staff may be copresent in these multicenter control rooms, they have different kinds of technological resources available to them, and a different ‘division of labor.’ This can undermine the integration of these resources within forms of work. We conclude by discussing the implications for our understanding of copresent work and also for the methods and approaches we can draw upon for understanding these contemporary workplaces.     

基于邻接矩阵的业务流程间距离计算方法

在业务流程管理中,多数流程间距离计算方法忽略了事件日志的重要作用,并且计算效率较低。为此,通过引入邻接矩阵提出一种新的业务流程间距离计算方法。提取保存在各类信息管理系统中的事件日志,将其转换为仅包含活动执行轨迹的简单事件日志。在此基础上,通过定义活动间的紧邻关系构造活动邻接矩阵,同时借鉴矩阵论中矩阵范数的定义,给出流程间距离的定义,并证明其满足距离度量特性。实验结果表明,该方法能够区分选择结构和并行结构并发现不可见任务,计算效率较高。     

The Knowledge Repository: Organizational Memory Information Systems

An organizational memory information system (OMIS) is a tangible conceptualization of the nebulous concept of knowledge. It combines the attributes of culture, history, business process, human memory, and fact into an integrated business system. Such an integrated system can facilitate a major step in the capture of the knowledge assets.     

基于数据库的故障诊断知识库的创建

本文通过对数据库和知识库的分析比较,指出了在关系数据库平台的基础上建立知识库的可行性,结合一个实际专家系统知识库的创建过程,给出了在关系数据库系统中建立知识库的方法,以及如何运用数据库系统良好的数据管理,用户权限设置等实现知识库的管理,维护功能以及知识库的安全保护等。     

工业设计概念创意知识模型

针对工业设计的概念创意主要依赖设计师对产品知识、设计及美学知识、市场知识的把握,以及对事物的观察和经验的积累,认为个人知识的局限将会限制设计思维的广度,计算机辅助概念设计的基础是其知识模型,提出了一个三层结构的知识模型,用以表达构成创意知识的概念及其关系,给出了领域知识和任务知识的表达形式,讨论了知识的应用和推理方法。     

支持创新型组织学习:基于任务情景的知识适用性管理

面临商务环境的快速变迁和难以预测,创新型组织学习正在成为组织提高生存、适应和竞争能力的关键途径.然而,现有的KM技术对于如何支持创新型组织学习,没有进行深入、系统的研究;导致知识工作者在获取适用性好的信息体(从而促进业务创新)和主动参与OM开放性进化(以促进创新知识的传播和共享)方面缺乏有效的支持.文中提出基于任务情景的知识适用性管理方法KAMTC,旨在以基于应用域本体的任务情景描述模式作为统一的语义基础,去确切、全面和便捷地描述业务工作的查询需求和受检信息体的适用性,以克服这些挑战性问题,进而有效支持知识创新和创新型组织学习的展开.     

基于关系数据库的知识库的建立

本文通过对知识库和数据库的分析比较,指定在关系数据库平台上建立知识库的可行性,并总结出这类知识库具有管理能力强、可进行混合语言编程以及开发图形用户界面方便快捷等优点。结合知识库和数据库的传统开发方法,以一个实际专家系统的知识库的创建过程为例具体给出了在关系数据库系统中建立知识库的方法,即如何在数据库环境中实现知识获取、知识表示和知识管理。     

Knowing Activity: Corporate Bridging of Knowledge and Value Creation

We argue that practical endeavours towards mobilising and recreating knowledge is an integral part of value increasing activities, and expose how this dependency can be utilised in ameliorating practice. This bridging of knowledge and value creation constitutes organisational activities as knowing. The paper exposes the efforts of Telenor, a large telecom firm, to create an enduring agenda for non‐financial issues in management. We expose the development process and initial use of their new Integrated Management Business Model. This involves identifying financial and non‐financial drivers of future performance within and across several business units, as well as negotiating on appropriate indicators of both status and change. The paper pays special attention to the iterative approach to development in order to highlight a shift from an attempt to enable knowledge in autonomous processes secluded from everyday activities, towards an understanding of knowledge and knowing as intrinsic to the value creating activities performed. By entering the issue of intangibles through the knowing activity perspective, it was evident that the purpose of the management system was not to determine the status of intangibles in the corporation, it was to improve it.     

Open for Entrepreneurship: How Open Innovation Can Foster New Venture Creation

This paper explores how an open approach to new venture creation – purposefully managing knowledge flows across the venture's organizational boundary – can be beneficial for start‐up entrepreneurs. Our inductive case study, of both failure and success, identifies the key attributes of this open approach and how they affect start‐ups' short‐term survival. We find that ecosystem collaboration, user involvement and an open environment directly influence new venture survival, and that their effects were moderated by the entrepreneurs' open mindset. These findings carry a number of implications for entrepreneurship and innovation research and practice, providing some attention points for researchers, entrepreneurs, investors and policy makers interested in developing successful new ventures.     

移动互联技术知识模块的教学设计思路

介绍了操作系统实用技术课程中移动互联技术模块的教学设计,包括课题背景、教学环境、教学参与人员、教学辅助支持、课堂教学和实践环节.     

浅谈计算机教学对学生创新能力培养

该文从信息时代计算机教学的特点,结合传统的教学,探讨了信息时代计算机教学对学生创新能力的培养。     

构建信息对抗专业的知识体系和实践教学体系

针对我校信息对抗技术专业的发展方向和培养定位,结合我校办学特色,提出该专业的知识体系和实践教学体系。通过对当前现状和存在问题的分析,研究探讨符合实际的专业教学和人才培养模式。     

网络环境下人工智能系统知识库应用的一种新方法

本文针对在羊毛衫生产远程诊断系统设计过程中遇到的知识获取瓶颈及网络流量负载等问题．通过对人工智能系统和网络技术的探讨．提出了综合运用J2EE和XML技术创建复合知识库的新方法．并结合羊毛衫生产远程诊断系统的设计实现了新型知识库的应用。复合传统知识库、数据库与J2EE、XML技术相结合．是本文提出的一个新思路。     

Counterbalancing Exploitative Knowledge Search during Environmental Dynamism: Reinforcing New Ideas for Existing Products

Established firms face the challenge of counterbalancing their predominant focus on exploitation with exploration. This paper explores how these firms can reinforce new exploratory ideas for existing products, especially during periods of environmental dynamism. The study is based on an action research study at a new product development (NPD) department at an international manufacturing firm operating in a cyclical market. The results show that increased environmental dynamism opens new opportunities for counterbalancing exploitative approaches by building exploratory skills. The action contributed specifically to breaking with old traditions in the NPD organization, and resulted in actionable knowledge in terms of an ideation approach. However, the study also shows that fast industry cycles that do not match the remote returns of exploratory knowledge searches diminish the possibility to sustain exploratory knowledge searches in organizations. The paper identifies important problems related to the long‐time horizon of exploration and the cyclical nature of industries.