耐磨Ni－SiC复合电镀及其应用

含ＳｉＣ最高达１１％的Ｎｉ－ＳｉＣ复合镀层的镀液配方及操作条件为：Ｎｉ（ＳＯ_３．ＮＨ_２）_２·４Ｈ_２Ｏ４１０，ＮｉＣｌ_２·６Ｈ_２Ｏ１０，Ｈ_３ＢＯ_３５０，ＯＰ－１００．４及ＳｉＣ（３μｍ）２０－１２０ｇ／Ｌ，ｐＨ４，５５±２℃，５Ａ／ｄｍ￣２，需搅拌．     

微米级硫钨酸铵在氢气中的热分解动力学

用ＤＴＡ法和ＸＲＤ法研究了粒度为６３～７４μｍ的硫钨酸铵在氢气中的热分解机理，用Ｋｉｓｓｉｎｇｅｒ法、Ｆｒｅｅｍａｎ－Ｃａｒｏｌ法和Ｃｏａｓｔ－Ｒｅｄｆｅｒｎ法测得硫钨酸铵热分解反应三个阶段的活化能分别为（５３±０．５），（１２７±０．５），（３００±０．８）ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，反应级数分别为０．８，０．６，１．５．硫钨酸铵在氢气中的热分解分四步进行，即（ＮＨ４）２ＷＳ４·Ｈ２Ｏｓ→（ＮＨ４）２ＷＯ４（ｓ）＋Ｈ２Ｏ（ｇ）→ＷＳ２（ｓ）＋２ＮＨ３（ｇ）＋Ｈ２（ｇ）＋２Ｓ（１）＋Ｈ２Ｏ（ｇ）→ＷＳ２（ｓ）＋２ＮＨ３（ｇ）＋２Ｈ２Ｓ（ｇ）＋Ｈ２Ｏ（ｇ）→ＷＳ２（ｓ）＋Ｗ（ｓ）＋２ＮＨ３（ｇ）＋２Ｈ２Ｓ（ｇ）＋Ｈ２     

含硫酸和亚砜基团的高分子载体三氯化钕配合物的合成及其催化活性

合成了含－ＣＨ２ＳＨ和－ＣＨ２ＳＯＣＨ３功能团的高分子载体氯化稀土配合物Ｐ—ＣＨ２ＳＨＮｄＣｌ３和Ｐ－ＣＨ２ＳＯＣＨ３·ＮＤＣｌ３．Ｐ－ＣＨ２ＳＨ·ＮＤＣｌ３对丁二烯聚合没有催化活性，Ｐ－ＣＨ２ＳＯＣＨ３·ＮｄＣｌ３对丁二烯聚合有催化活性．其催化体系有很高的定向效应，聚丁二烯顺－１，４结构含量在９５％以上。     

顺、反异构钼硫簇合物〔(C_2H_5)_4N〕_2〔Mo_2S_4(SCH_2CH_2S)_2〕的合成、结构和性质研究

用（ＮＨ４）２ＭｏＳ４，ＣｏＣｌ２，ＮｉＣｌ２，ＨＳＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＳＨ和Ｅｔ４ＮＢｒ在ＣＨ３ＯＨＣＨ３ＯＮａ溶液中反应，得到了顺（Ａ），反（Ｂ）异构体的原子簇化合物［（Ｃ２Ｈ５）４Ｎ］２［Ｍｏ２Ｓ４（ＳＣＨ２ＣＨ２Ｓ）２］的晶体。用Ｘ—射线单晶衍射法测定了顺、反异构体簇合物Ａ和Ｂ晶体结构，其晶胞参数Ａ为ａ＝２．６０４４（２）ｎｍ，ｂ＝１．９８８６（２）ｎｍ，Ｃ＝２．６３０２（Ｉ）ｎｍ，Ｖ＝１３．５８６ｎｍ３，β＝９３．３３°（２）；Ｂ为ａ＝１．０４４（２）ｎｍ，ｂ＝１．４１５８（２）ｎｍ，Ｃ＝１．１４１７（２）ｎｍ，Ｖ＝１．６３８ｎｍ３，β＝１００．４７°，经块距阵最小二乘法修正最终得偏离因子Ｒ＝０．０８８（Ａ），Ｒ＝０．０８９（Ｂ）。同时还对簇合物的红外光谱和紫外可见光谱也进行了研究。     

快速流化床平均空隙率的计算

本文综合分析了文献报道的实验数据,利用快速流态化气固两通道流动模型较好地预测了床层平均空隙率随操作条件及气固物性的变化规律。为了便于工业设计,同时整理得到了床层平均空隙率的经验公式。 与实验值相比,上式平均相对偏差小于±2.4％。     

浸渍活性炭脱除H2S的反应动力学

提出了浸渍活性炭脱除Ｈ２Ｓ的反应过程机理模型，认为脱硫过程主要是Ｈ２Ｓ在活性炭的吸附水膜内离解后被活化的Ｏ２分子以及活性氧原子氧化生成单质硫逐渐沉积在活性炭表面，同时应用最小二乘法回归实验数据得到了脱硫动力学方程ｄＷｓ／ｄｔ＝ｋ１ｋ２／ａｐｏ２／ｐＨ２Ｓ／１＋ｋ２ｐｏ２×（１－αＷｓ）＾２其中动力学参数ｋ１＝３．７５３×１０＾５ｅｘｐ「－３００６．５／Ｔｒ」ｋ２／０．２６３ｅｘｐ「１９４５．６／Ｔ     

名义组成2SrO.3Al2O3∶Eu2+高效磷光体基质的相组成和结构研究

从材料物理化学角度,研究了名义组成２ＳｒＯ·３Ａｌ２Ｏ３∶Ｅｕ２＋ 磷光体基质的固相反应历程及其成相规律,探明了３ＳｒＯ·Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 相铝酸锶化合物首先约于１ ０００ ℃生成,随着烧成温度逐渐升高至１ ３００ ℃,依序由富锶相向富铝相转变,即依３ＳｒＯ·Ａｌ２Ｏ３ ,ＳｒＯ·Ａｌ２Ｏ３,４ＳｒＯ·７Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 顺序形成,而在１ ３００～１ ４２０ ℃间稳定存在相不是一个单相,而是ＳｒＯ·Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 和４ＳｒＯ·７Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 的复合相;用Ｒｉｅｔｖｅｌｄ 分析法精确测定了复合相的结构及其相对含量,确定ＳｒＯ·Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 相属单斜晶系,Ｐ２１ 空间群,晶胞参数ａ＝ ８．４３６ １ ?,ｂ＝ ８ ．８１４ ２ ?,ｃ＝ ５．１５４ １ ?,β＝ ９３ ．４１１°,其质量分数占（２４．８４ ±０．２１） ％ ;４ＳｒＯ·７Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 相属斜方晶系,Ｐｍ ｍａ 空间群,晶胞参数ａ ＝２４．７５６ ２ ?,ｂ＝ ８ ．４７６ ０ ?,ｃ＝ ４．８８１ ８ ?,其质量分数占（７５．１６ ±０．３９） ％ ．     

HCl和FeCL2在阴离子交换膜中扩散速度的测定

本文依据Ｆｉｃｋ扩散定律提出了测定ＨＣｌ和ＦｅＣｌ２在阴离子交换膜中扩散速度的方法。测定结果显示,在１％～１０％ＨＣｌ、０％～２１％ＦｅＣｌ２和水温１４℃～１６℃条件下,Ｄ膜和Ｓ２０３膜ＨＣｌ平均扩散速度分别为８．４６×１０－３ｍ／ｈ和３．２６×１０－３ｍ／ｈ,ＦｅＣｌ２平均扩散速度分别为３．５×１０－４ｍ／ｈ和１．４×１０－４ｍ／ｈ,预示两膜都能实现废酸中ＨＣｌ与ＦｅＣｌ２的有效分离。用Ｓ２０３组装的扩散器分离废酸结果表明,盐酸回收率大于８３％,回收酸中Ｆｅ２＋小于３ｇ／Ｌ。     

石棉与吸附工艺对电槽运行的影响

１石棉１１石棉的地质情况石棉是一种纤维状含水硅酸镁的非金属矿物,其分子式为３ＭｇＯ·２ＳｉＯ２·２Ｈ２Ｏ,理论含量ｗ（ＭｇＯ）４３．４６％、ｗ（ＳｉＯ２）４３．５％、ｗ（Ｈ２Ｏ）１３．０４％。可开采石棉主要取决于地质条件的变化,根据对现有化工用石棉...     

阻抗型聚合物湿度传感器HMPTAC/St共聚物感湿膜的感湿性能

将２ 羟基 ３ 甲基丙烯酰氧丙基氯化三甲铵（ＨＭＰＴＡＣ）与苯乙烯（Ｓｔ）进行共聚反应，所得产物有良好的感湿性。用以制成的湿度传感器测湿范围宽（为１０％～９０％ＲＨ），再现性好（在±２％ＲＨ以内），耐环境变化。放置１２０天以上，感湿性能变化较小（在±３％以内）。     

Simultaneous Absorption of H2S and Co2 Into Aqueous Methyldiethanolamine

Abstract

The tertiary araine methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) is finding increasing application as a chemical solvent for selective absorption of hydrogen sulfide from gases containing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. Gas streams of this type include some natural gases, synthetic gases from coal and heavy oil gasification and tail gases from sulfur plants. Selectivity for H2S is needed either to enrich Glaus sulfur plant feed in H2S or to remove only H₂S when CO₂ removal is not necessary or economic. For the absorption of hydrogen sulfide into MDEA, the reaction which occurs can be considered to be instantaneous while carbon dioxide undergoes a second-order reaction with MDEA.

In this work, the simultaneous absorption of two gases into a liquid containing a reactant with which both gases react is modelled using the film theory. Physical properties and kinetic rate parameters used in the model have been measured in our laboratory. The model is used to study the effect of process variables on the selectivity of MDEA for H₂S over C0₂. The simultaneous absorption of H₂S and CO₂ gases into aqueous MDEA is studied experimentally using a continuous stirred tank absorber. Experimental absorption rates are compared to predictions based on a multicomponent mass transfer model. The average deviations of the theoretical calculations from the experimental results are 10.2% and 12.9% for C0₂ and H₂S, respectively.     

Vapor–liquid equilibria of HFC-161 + HFC-32 + DMF ternary mixture for low-grade heat driven absorption refrigeration system

Ternary mixture of fluoroethane (HFC-161) + difluoromethane (HFC-32) + N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is a promising working fluid for absorption refrigeration system which is an important energy saving technology receiving more and more attention. Investigation on vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) is necessary for further study and the application in absorption system of the ternary mixture. Therefore, an experimental system with continuous vapor-phase circulation is set up, measuring VLE data within temperature range of 283.15 to 323.15 K. The experimental data is correlated with Wilson and NRTL models, and BP-ANN method, respectively. The calculating data of Wilson model has the largest relative deviation of 5.14% and average relative deviation of 2.65% for vapor pressure, being the best one. The deviation of molar fraction data obtained with BP-ANN model has the best average relative deviation 3.07%. However, NRTL model provides a smooth predicted surface. The correlated parameters of the three models are given.     

尿素生产中高温高压条件下NH_3-CO_2-H_2O-NH_2CONH_2体系的汽液平衡研究

提出了一个适用于尿素合成条件下(T=438.15～478.15K,P=6.87～24.5MPa,NH_3/CO_2=2.6～5.0,H_2O/CO_2=0.2～1.2)NH_3-CO_2-H_2O-NH_2CONH_2体系的热力学模型,该模型用PHS状态方程和Wilson方程来分别修正气液两相的非理想行为,用本模型可对尿素合成体系进行有效的汽液平衡计算.     

硫化氢在磷酸溶液中溶解度的实验研究

在用过量的五硫化二磷净化磷酸的工艺中,为确定五硫化二磷的最佳投加量和净化的工艺条件,采用气相单循环法,测定了常压下不同温度和不同硫化氢分压下硫化氢气体在磷酸溶液中的溶解度数据。结果表明,在实验范围内,硫化氢的溶解度随温度的升高和磷酸浓度的增加而降低,随硫化氢分压的增加而增加,且呈线性关系,符合一般气体的溶解度规律。用I.H.Cho模型对溶解度数据进行了关联和计算,关联式的显著性水平达0.01,实验值与理论值的平均偏差为1.60%。该结果对磷酸的净化工艺有一定的指导意义。     

甲醇/H2O/H2O2/1,3,5-三甲苯/磷酸三辛酯五元系液液平衡的实验数据

测定了常压、 4 0℃下甲醇 /H₂ O/H₂ O₂ /1,3,5 -三甲苯 /磷酸三辛酯五元系液液平衡数据 ,分别用UNIQUAC模型和NRTL模型对实验数据进行了关联 ,取得了较满意的结果     

Modeling of drug solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide using equation of state based on hole theory with molecular surface charge density

Equation of state based on hole theory with molecular surface charge density was developed for the modeling of drug solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide. In the hole theory, the density change of supercritical carbon dioxide can be represented by the number of holes in the system. The molecular interaction energy parameter was estimated using the interactions of segments on the molecular surface given by a quantum calculation using conductor-like screening model. The only one parameter, coordination number around a molecule was fitted to the experimental data of the drug solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide. The solubilities of the eighteen drugs in supercritical carbon dioxide were modeled by the equation of state with the molecular surface charge density. The effect of the molecular pair for the coordination number on the correlated results was investigated. It is found that the results using the fitted parameter of the solute–solute pair coordination number result in the modeling performance better than those of carbon dioxide–solute coordination number. The results of the modeling of drug solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide are compared with the experimental data. The average absolute relative deviation between the experimental and calculated results of the solubility for the drug composed of C, H and O atoms acetylsalicylic acid, benzoic acid, ferulic acid, (S)-naproxen, p-benzoquinone, propyl gallate, salicylic acid and vanillic acid is 0.38 smaller than those for compounds including N, F, I and S atoms, amical-48, benzocaine, caffeine, carbamazepine, (±)-flurbiprofen, methimazole, phenazopyridine, theobromine, theophylline and uracil, 0.59.     

联立方程法测定2-重氮-1-萘醌-5-磺酰氯含量的研究

报告了测定２－重氮－１－萘醌－５－磺酰氯含量的光度分析的联立方程法。无水乙醇溶液中,分别在３７２５、４０７ｎｍ波长处测定吸光度,建立联立方程式,通过解联立方程计算出２１５－磺酰氯含量。平均回收率为１００１６％,相对标准偏差为０６９％。     

Preparation and characterization of glass-ceramics via co-sintering of coal fly ash and oil shale ash-derived amorphous slag

A novel preparation method of glass-ceramics from coal fly ash (CFA) and oil shale ash-derived amorphous slag (OSAS) was developed in this study. Effects of important factors such as OSAS/CFA ratio and sintering temperature on the crystalline phase compositions, microstructure, mechanical-chemical properties, heavy metals leaching characteristics, and potential ecological risk assessment of glass-ceramics were investigated. The results showed that the properties of glass-ceramics increased with increasing OSAS/CFA ratio and sintering temperature, and S4 glass-ceramics (100% OSAS) showed the most superior product performances, followed by the S3 (80%OSAS-20%CFA), S2 (60%OSAS-40%CFA), and S1 (100% CFA). As for the products from the mixed sources, the best product properties of S2 glass-ceramics (density, 2.00 ± 0.04 g/cm³; water absorption, 3.11 ± 0.22%; and compressive strength, 106.67 ± 28.42 MPa) were achieved at 1085 °C. S3 glass-ceramics showed the highest density of 2.16 ± 0.04 g/cm³, and lowest water absorption of 0.22 ± 0.01%, and highest compressive strength of 195.99 ± 23.85 MPa at 1085 °C. Specially, the overall energy consumption for preparing S2 and S3 glass-ceramics was estimated to be reduced 23.66–27.00% and 11.67–13.50%, respectively, compared to that of S4 glass-ceramics. In addition, the good chemical stability, low heavy metals leaching concentrations and low potential ecological risk of OSAS-CFA-derived glass-ceramics further confirmed its potential and feasibility as building material in engineering application.     

Effects of carbon nanofiber on the dissolution and diffusion of CO2 in polypropylene nanocomposites

The effects of nanofiller with elongated structure on the dissolution and diffusion behaviors of CO₂ in polypropylene (PP)/carbon nanofiber (CNF) composites were investigated in this work. The solubility of CO₂ in PP and PP composites containing 5 wt% and 10 wt% CNF was measured by using magnetic suspension balance (MSB) combined with the experimental swelling correction by using a self-designed high-temperature and -pressure view cell at the temperatures of 200 and 220 °C and pressures up to 20 MPa. The diffusion coefficient of CO₂ in PP and PP composites was also determined from the sorption line at CO₂ pressures ranging from 5 to 10 MPa. It was found that the solubility and diffusivity of CO₂ in PP/CNF composites increased with increasing the filler content, which should be mainly attributed to the change of the distribution of free volume in the polymer matrix besides the small amount of adsorption capacity of CO₂ in CNF. A modified Henry model incorporated with Langmuir adsorption factor was proposed to correlate the solubility of CO₂ in the PP/CNF composites with an average relative deviation less than 3%. A new model based on free volume theory incorporated with the diffusion driving force factor was established to correlate the experimental diffusion coefficient of CO₂ in the PP/CNF composites within an average relative deviation of 2%.     

Performance improving with temperature in liquid–liquid extraction using cumene–isobutyric acid–water chemical system

The performance of single drops was investigated in liquid–liquid extraction while temperature was changed within the range of 15–40 °C. The recommended system of cumene–isobutyric acid–water with mass transfer resistance mainly in aqueous phase was used. An average enhancement of 75.6% in the rate of transfer was revealed. The extraction efficiency is the most influencing term due to molecular diffusivity enhancement. For modeling, a simple correlation was proposed for the effective diffusivity in Newman's equation, while continuous phase mass transfer coefficient was directly included. Using this model, relative deviation of the overall mass transfer coefficient was within only ±5.6%.