五指山茶园表层土壤重金属污染危害评价

[目的]评价五指山茶园表层土壤重金属污染的危害程度.[方法]采样分析五指山茶园表层土壤重金属(Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb)的平均含量及富集状况,分别以现代工业化以前沉积物中重金属的全球最高背景值和我国<土壤环境质量标准>的一级自然背景值为参比值,采用潜在生态危害指数法对五指山茶园表层土壤重金属的富集系数和生态危害系数以及生态危害指数进行了评价.[结果]以2种背景值为参比得出的重金属污染水平相近,Cd和Pb是对五指山茶园表层土壤生态环境具有潜在影响的主要重金属元素.[结论]五指山茶园表层土壤重金属的潜在危害程度为轻微-中等污染水平.     

关于表层土壤重金属含量测定的方法研究

我国快速发展的工业化及城市化背景下,土壤环境问题尤其是土壤重金属污染问题,已成为环境科学领域的首要问题。通过科学、合理的方法,能对土壤重金属的含量快速、有效地展开测定,有利于土壤环境质量的进一步提升。本文就表层土壤重金属含量的测定方法展开研究,期望能够完善环境治理工作。     

福州仓山工业密集区周边菜地土壤重金属的含量与评价

为研究工业密集区菜地土壤重金属的污染特征,选取福建省福州市仓山工业密集区周边8片菜地为研究对象,分析土壤Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni、Cu的含量特征,以福建省土壤环境背景值和食用农产品产地环境质量标准为评价标准进行菜地土壤重金属污染现状评价和潜在生态风险评价.结果表明:供试菜地土壤中,Ni含量超标最严重,平均含量达297.53 mg·kg-1,其次是Pb和Cr,Cu含量最小,老工业区土壤的Zn、Cr、Ni、Cu污染比新工业区严重.单项污染指数法和多项综合污染指数法与Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法评价的结果基本一致:Ni的污染指数最高、其次是Pb和Cr,Cu污染最轻;壁头村菜地土壤重金属综合污染最严重,其次是梁厝村;潜在生态危害系数大小为:Ni>Pb>Cr>Zn>Cu;潜在生态风险程度大小为:壁头村>梁厝村>浦口村>螺洲>黄山村>云风洲>竹榄洲>盘屿;老工业区周边的菜地土壤重金属综合污染指数和潜在生态危害指数明显高于新工业区.     

降低转炉终渣∑FeO含量的措施

针对转炉终渣中∑FeO含量高这一现象,对转炉吹炼过程控制、终点控制进行工艺优化,摸索出降低转炉终渣中∑FeO含量的有效途径,钢铁料消耗从1 070.6 kg/t降低到1 065.4 kg/t,提高了产品质量。     

南方离子型稀土原地浸矿土壤中氮化物垂直分布特征

由于南方离子型稀土在开采中使用大量铵盐作为浸矿剂,导致矿区土壤中氮化物含量严重超标,附近水体严重污染.通过建立土柱实验模型,测定不同时期不同深度稀土土壤中铵态氮、硝态氮和总氮的含量,研究了稀土土壤中氮化物的空间分布特征.实验结果表明,在不同淋洗水量条件下,表层稀土土壤中铵态氮和总氮含量降低明显,而硝态氮含量变化不明显,但深层土壤中铵态氮和总氮含量低且基本保持不变,硝态氮含量也没有明显变化.表明铵根离子的淋失是土壤和地下水污染的主要形式.研究结果为有效控制南方尤其是赣南离子型稀土矿土壤及水体氮化物污染奠定理论与技术基础.     

模拟降雨淋溶下离子型稀土矿区稀土的纵向迁移

为探讨土壤中稀土迁移对地下水污染的可能性,本研究通过土柱淋溶实验模拟降雨淋溶下土壤中稀土的纵向迁移。实验结果表明,淋溶前后各土层稀土分配模式未发生变化;土壤淋出液稀土含量在实验前期呈波动式下降,中后期表现出低值稳定的状态;淋溶实验后土层第一、二层土壤中的稀土含量变化显著,第三、四层土壤的稀土含量均有所降低,第五层土壤中的稀土含量基本一致。研究发现,稀土元素会因为淋溶作用在表层土壤中纵向迁移,但随着土层深度的增加迁移能力下降,短期降雨淋溶不会造成地下水的污染,但研究区内存在长期降雨淋溶后稀土元素被析出,并随雨水下渗污染地下水的潜在威胁。     

长期污灌农田土壤重金属污染及潜在环境风险研究

土壤污染潜在生态风险评价是近十几年来逐渐兴起并迅速发展的一个研究领域。本文以某典型污灌区农田土壤为研究对象,分析长期污水灌溉对表层土壤重金属含量及富集状况的影响,采用内梅罗指数法和Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对其污染现状及潜在环境风险进行评价。结果表明:农田土壤样品的Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn含量进行了测定,结果显示,5种重金属均在表层土壤(0~10 cm)含量最高,且随土层深度增加而减少。0~10cm土层土壤Cd、Cu、Pb平均含量均高于陕西省土壤背景值,而Cr和Zn含量低于背景值。利用地统计方法得到的表层土壤重金属含量分布图显示,土壤各重金属含量由西向东呈下降趋势,水泥厂周边土壤重金属含量最高。相关性分析和主成分分析结果表明,5种重金属之间呈极显著正相关,说明其存在较高的同源性或复合关系。健康风险评价显示,4种重金属的单一健康风险系数均未达到显著水平,但其综合污染风险指数大于1,说明该地区存在一定的潜在健康风险,且重金属对儿童的健康风险大于成人,应引起足够重视。     

广西某铅锌矿区土壤重金属污染状况分析与评价

基于对广西某铅锌矿矿区周边受到重金属污染的农田土壤污染情况的调查,通过网格布点法采集样品,并运用单因子指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对该区域重金属污染程度进行评价。结果表明:调查范围内,Zn、Hg、As和Cd污染较严重,土壤背景值调查中As、Hg的含量较高;在0～2. 20 m垂向上表层污染最严重,其余各分层的污染程度变化不明显,污染样品以轻度污染为主;各个村屯均存在着较为严重的的污染情况,表层土壤污染最重,且以重污染和中度污染为主。     

某铝厂氟污染土壤的植物修复研究

[目的]研究氟污染土壤的植物修复.[方法]用离子选择电极法分析某铝厂附近土壤及植物氟化物含量.[结果]该地区土壤及植物均已受到氟化物严重污染.对17个植物样品的测定表明,样品各部位的含氟量为叶>茎>根,样品季节含氟量为夏季>冬/春季>秋季.在所研究植物中,柏树富集氟最多,其次为杨树和柳树,且植物中氟化物的污染源不仅来自于土壤,也受到大气污染的影响.[结论]为植物修复氟污染土壤提供理论依据.     

某冶炼厂周边农田土壤重金属污染状况分析与评价

采用随机布点的方法采取冶炼厂周边农田土壤样品53个,分析了其中Cd、Cu、As、Pb、Zn的含量及部分样品中重金属的赋存形态,结合国家土壤环境质量标准和内梅罗污染指数法对土样进行分级评价.结果表明,该地区农田土壤受重金属综合污染程度依次为:Cd > As > Cu > Zn > Pb,其中水田土壤受Cd、Cu污染较旱地严重,受As污染略轻于旱地.水旱2种类型土壤中各重金属的形态分布规律相似,其中Cd以弱酸态和可还原态为主,Cu、As、Pb、Zn均以残渣态为主.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.