共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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<正>渗透膜分离技术具有低能耗、低污染、高回收的特点,引起了广泛的关注。目前已在海水淡化、污水净化和能源等领域得到了迅速发展。本文简述了该技术的基本原理,指出了其关键技术——正渗透膜和汲取液的最新动向,并对正渗透膜技术未来发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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正渗透—纳滤耦合处理苦咸水脱盐工艺 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以2 000 mg/L氯化钠模拟苦咸水,采用二价无机盐作为汲取液,研究了正渗透淡化苦咸水时的水通量;通过软件计算和试验研究了不同组成汲取液的纳滤性能,并且设计了二级纳滤系统用于汲取液的回收。结果表明:相同浓度时硫酸镁汲取液正渗透水通量最低,而氯化镁汲取液水通量最高;相反在纳滤过程中,硫酸镁汲取液性能最佳,氯化镁最差;稀释硫酸钠汲取液浓度为30 g/L时,二级纳滤过程可以将汲取液浓缩至初始浓度(60 g/L),并制得浓度低于500 mg/L的产水。 相似文献
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正渗透过程中汲取质反向渗透研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
正渗透(FO)作为一种浓度驱动的膜技术,因其膜污染轻、能耗低和回收率高等优点而逐渐成为膜技术领域的研究热点之一。汲取质的反向渗透是正渗透过程中不可忽视的现象,但其研究相对比较滞后。本文主要介绍了汲取质反渗模型的研究进展,分析了渗透压差、膜表面流速、膜结构与膜材料、温度、汲取质种类、膜取向、离子水力半径等因素对汲取质反向渗透的影响情况,并发现汲取质的反向渗透通量可由其浓度或汲取液渗透压的一元多项式表达。总体而言,FO模式的汲取质反渗模型经过不断发展已相对比较完善,而压力阻尼渗透(PRO)模式的反渗模型则缺陷较大,有待进一步研究;此外,关于汲取质反渗过程影响因素及其影响机制的研究对于汲取质、膜材料的选择与开发,以及正渗透过程的优化均具有重要的指导作用,因此会引起越来越多的关注。 相似文献
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介绍了正渗透技术的基本原理,对膜材料性能的研究以及正渗透技术在电厂水处理中的应用现状进行了综述;列举了目前常见的商业正渗透膜;分析了聚酰胺薄膜复合膜的研究进展,包括碳纳米管、石墨烯、有机骨架、纳米银、纳米纤维的改性以及新型膜的制备;简述了国内外电厂的正渗透技术应用案例。正渗透技术在火力发电厂废水处理中的实际应用结果表明了其在盐分复杂的脱硫废水处理中应用的可行性,从处理效果和经济效益来看,正渗透技术在脱硫废水预处理中具有较大优势,是未来很有前景的电厂零排放水处理技术之一。 相似文献
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正渗透技术是近年来新兴的水处理技术,其研发初始即指向各种高难度废水的处理回用及物料分离领域,是一项有广阔发展空间的水处理技术。目前对该技术的研究重点集中在膜材料和汲取液的选择上。从正渗透的原理出发,介绍了正渗透膜材质及汲取液的前沿科技成果,分析了未来正渗透膜材质和汲取液选择的方向。最后,总结了正渗透技术的优势,并对正渗透的未来应用做了展望。 相似文献
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As draw solute is the core element of forward osmosis (FO) technology, here Li-Bet-Tf2N synthesized from a customized ionic liquid betainium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Hbet][Tf2N]) and Li2CO3 recovered from lithium-ion battery (LIB) wastes is proposed as a novel draw solute to treat Li+-containing wastewater from LIB manufacturing through FO filtration. Having high dissociation ability and an extended structure, Li-Bet-Tf2N generates a sufficiently high osmotic pressure to drive the FO filtration efficiently along with insignificant reverse solute diffusion. Li-Bet-Tf2N produces a water flux of 21.3 L·(m2·h)−1 at 1.0 mol∙L–1 against deionized water, surpassing conventional NaCl and MgCl2 draw solutes with a higher water recovery efficiency and a smaller solute loss. Li-Bet-Tf2N induces a more stable and higher water permeation flux with a 10.0% water flux decline than NaCl and MgCl2 for which the water fluxes decline 16.7% and 16.4%, respectively, during the treatment of 2000 mg∙L–1 Li+-containing wastewater for 12 h. More remarkably, unlike other draw solutes which require intensive energy input and complicated processes in recycling, Li-Bet-Tf2N is easily separated from water via solvent extraction. Reproducible results are achieved with the recycled Li-Bet-Tf2N. Li-Bet-Tf2N thus demonstrates a novel class of draw solute with great potentials to treat wastewater economically. 相似文献
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正渗透作为非压力驱动膜脱盐技术,具有能耗低、膜污染轻、水回收率高等优点,其中汲取液的分离回收是整个正渗透技术的关键。本文提出采用双胺(TEPDA,N,N,N’,N’-四乙基-1,3-丙二胺)“可逆”溶剂经质子化-脱碳可逆循环作为正渗透汲取液进行脱盐的策略。首先,使用TEST软件预测发现,相比传统有机溶剂及单胺溶剂(如DMCHA,N,N-二甲基环己胺),TEPDA具有较低的挥发性、较高的安全性和低生育毒性。正渗透实验发现在两种模式下TEPDA的反向通量选择性均高于DMCHA,证明TEPDA具有更好的正渗透效果。同时发现TEPDA汲取液在PRO模式下效果要优于FO模式。通过对操作条件的优化得到TEPDA汲取液的最优操作温度为30℃,最佳流速为500mL/min。在最优条件下对1%(质量分数)的氯化钠溶液进行5h的连续运行发现,TEPDA汲取液在5h后仍能保持6.09L/(m2·h)的正向渗透通量,具有连续运行的稳定性。循环实验也证明了TEPDA具有较好的循环稳定性。上述结果为双胺(TEPDA)“可逆”溶剂应用于正渗透脱盐领域提供了基础的理论指导。 相似文献
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反渗透系统故障分析及处理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对启东市供电公司发电工区反渗透水处理系统脱盐率下降、压差升高、产水量下降等问题进行了现场调查研究,分析了原因,并提出了相应的处理措施,最终使问题得以解决. 相似文献
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Novel carboxyethyl amine sodium salts as draw solutes with superior forward osmosis performance 下载免费PDF全文
A series of carboxyethyl amine sodium salts (CASSs) with different carboxyl group numbers are synthesized as draw solutes for forward osmosis (FO) application. Their chemical structures are examined by 1HNMR and HRMS. FO performances are investigated and compared in terms of different physicochemical properties. The effects of the CASS concentration on the osmotic pressure and viscosity of the draw solutions, as well as the resulted FO performance are also systematically investigated. A high water flux of 23.07 LMH and an acceptable reverse salt flux of 0.75 gMH can be achieved with 0.5 g mL?1 triethylenetetramine hexapropionic acid sodium (TTHP‐Na) draw solution under PRO mode, which is superior to most other draw solutes reported in previous literatures. TTHP‐Na draw solution is further evaluated to recycle the Congo red solution via FO process to examine its applicability for waste water treatment. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1226–1235, 2016 相似文献
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Forward osmosis (FO), as one of the emerging desalination technologies, has the potential to produce freshwater from a variety of water sources by utilizing the osmotic pressure gradient across a semi-permeable membrane. Drawsolution, as an essential component of any FO process, can extract watermolecules fromseawater orwastewater. An ideal draw solution should meet three essential requirements, namely high osmotic pressure, low reverse flux, and facile regeneration mechanism. The selection of proper draw solutes is especially critical for an energy-efficient FO process since the energy consumption mostly arises from the separation or regeneration of the draw solution. Recently, we developed a few multi-functional FO draw solutes, mainly aiming to enhance the FO water flux and to explore facile re-concentration methods. This review summarizes these draw solutes, including Na+-functionalized carbon quantum dots, thermoresponsive copolymers, hydrophilic magnetic nanoparticles, and thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles. 相似文献