溶液沉淀-氢还原法制备纳米钴粉

以CoSO4溶液和NaOH溶液为原料,通过将二者混合反应得到Co(OH)2沉淀,再将沉淀清洗、干燥、氢气还原得到纳米钴粉.研究了CoSO4溶液、NaOH溶液浓度以及还原温度对钴粉粒度的影响.结果表明:CoSO4溶液的初始浓度为0.8mol/L时,最终得到的钴粉BET粒度最小,达到15.8nm;钴粉粒度随NaOH溶液浓度降低而减小,NaOH溶液浓度为0.4mol/L时,钴粉BET粒度为16nm;温度对钴粉粒度影响大,还原温度越低,钴粉粒度越细,350℃还原可以得到平均粒度44nm钴粉,其形状基本为球形,分散度好.     

钴粉的粒度对高钴粗颗粒硬质合金性能的影响

本文研究了不同粒度的钴粉对高钴粗颗粒硬质合金性能的影响:选择不同粒度的钴粉,在相同的工艺条件下,制备相同成分的粗颗粒硬质合金,分析检测合金的硬度、磁力、密度、强度,以及金相、定量金相。结果表明:在相同的工艺条件下,随着钴粉粒度的增加,定量金相显示WC粒度逐渐增加,硬度和磁力略有下降,钴粉粒度为2.21μm的合金强度最高。     

草酸钴的氧化条件对氧化钴及还原钴粉性能的影响

利用X-衍射、扫描电镜研究了草酸钴氧化温度对氧化产物、及其相应还原钴粉性能的影响。结果表明,氧化条件影响了钴粉的粒度,草酸钴直接还原的钴粉具有更小的粒度。     

由氢还原草酸钴和氧化钴制取金属钴粉的物理性能

在400—580℃温度范围内用氢气将草酸钴和氧化钴还原为金属钴粉,研究了原料粒度和还原温度对钴粉粒度、比表面、松装密度和摇实密度的影响,讨论了还原期间在不同原料表面上发生的局部化学反应机理。结果表明,用草酸钴可制得具有费氏粒度0.5μm、BET 比表面400000cm~2/cm~3的极细钴粉,得自草酸钴的钴粉还具有易于研磨的脆性多孔结构。对于形成多孔产物相的固体物质的分解和还原反应,作者推出了产物核心粒度的计算式。D=1.96(V′/V~p)~(1/2)(G/N)~(1/3)=1.96(V′/V~p)~(1/2)·A·e~(-(E_g-E_(?))/(3RT))     

超声辅助水溶液电解钴粉的实验研究北大核心

本实验研究了不同工艺参数对钴粉粒度和电流效率的影响,得到水溶液电解制备钴粉的最佳工艺参数。在阴极有效电解面积为6 cm^2、p H为4、超声功率为400 W,刮粉周期为5 min的条件下电解制备钴粉,结果表明:电解温度为64℃、电流强度为0.4 A,在Co^2+浓度为0.09 mol/L时电流效率最大,为80.42%;钴粉的平均粒径在Co2+浓度为0.08 mol/L时最小,为21.66μm。在此基础上,加入3%分散剂(C12H25NaO4S)、电解温度为64℃、电流强度为0.4 A时,电流效率和钴粉的平均粒径均在Co2+浓度为0.09 mol/L时最优,电流效率最大为84.52%,相对提高4.1%,钴粉的平均粒径最优为17.21μm,相对减小了20.54%。     

二水草酸钻循环氧化还原法制备粗颗粒钴粉

以二水草酸钴为原料,将其在空气中热分解为CoO,并在纯度为99.999％、露点小于-40℃的氢气中进行还原,再将此还原钴粉在空气中氧化为CoO,如此反复进行氧化和还原.利用扫描电子显微镜和激光粒度分析仪对试样进行分析,结果表明经过循环进行的三次氧化和三次还原,制备出了粒径分布在12～26 μm范围的比例达93.53％的粗颗粒钴粉.     

小粒度、大松比球形钴粉的制备工艺研究

本文以氯化钴溶液为原料,以碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂,用液相法制备前驱体碳酸钴,着重考查了碳酸钴合成过程中氯化钴溶液浓度、反应温度、加料速度、络合剂加入量及酸碱度等因素对碳酸钴的成核、生长的影响,煅烧温度、氢还原温度、还原时间对钴粉松比、粒度、氧含量等性能的影响,通过以上条件的优化选择,当反应终点p H值为6.8~7.0,NH3:Co(摩尔比)为(1.4~1.5):1,反应时间为120~150 min时合成理想的碳酸钴晶体,碳酸钴微观形貌为球形或类球形,粒度(D50)≤5.0μm,前驱体经洗涤、过滤、烘干,在600~700℃煅烧成氧化钴,用氢气在470~500℃将氧化钴还原4~6 h后制备成钴粉,钴粉Fsss粒度小于1.0μm,松装比重大于0.8 g/cm3,氧含量小于0.5%,微观形貌为球形或类球形,通过控制前驱体的合成以及氢还原过程,可以控制钴粉的粒度及松装比重。     

还原工艺对钴粉粒度的影响

对钴粉还原生产过程中，原料、还原温度、氢气流量及纯度、推舟速度和装舟量等因素对钴粉粒度的影响进行了试验研究，并总结了还原钴粉粒度的控制方法。     

固液界面反应法制备针状草酸钴粉体

以钴粉和草酸(H2C2O4)为原料,采用固液界面反应法制备针状草酸钴(Co2C2O4·2H2O)粉体.用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和激光粒度仪对粉体进行表征,研究反应温度、钴粉浓度、草酸与钴粉的计量比以及无机酸的种类和用量对草酸钴粉体的形貌和长径比的影响.结果表明,反应温度为30℃时草酸钴粉体多为颗粒状...     

乙二醇还原制备超细钴粉

以硝酸钴、碳酸钴和硫酸钴为原料,制备Co(OH)2,乙二醇为溶剂和还原剂,制备了分散性较好的球形超细钴粉。研究了不同钴盐制备的前驱体Co(OH)2对后续反应的影响及单位体积乙二醇中Co(OH)2和NaOH加入量及反应时间、温度和添加剂对钴粉的粒径和形貌的影响。用SEM和XRD测试钴粉的粒子形貌、晶体结构。结果表明,乙二醇还原的钴粉为球形,晶体结构以面心立方为主,平均粒径0.8μm,钴含量>99.5%。     

高纯三氧化钼激光粒度分布的测定与分析

用扫描电镜观察了高纯三氧化钼的形貌，高纯三氧化钼是长条状的单颗粒聚集成的团聚体。用激光粒度仪的干法测定了高纯三氧化钼团聚体的激光粒度分布，用水作分散剂测定了高纯三氧化钼分散体的激光粒度分布，结果表明高纯三氧化钼的激光粒度分布值与电镜测量的颗粒及颗粒团尺寸一致，这样的测试方法能全面正确地反映高纯三氧化钼粒度的特征。讨论了高纯三氧化钼激光粒度分布对后续的还原过程及钼粉质量的影响。     

高能球磨制备纳米WC-8Co复合粉末

对采用高能球磨法制备纳米WC-8Co复合粉末的工艺条件进行了研究。实验采用逐步优化方式,研究液固比、球料比、球磨转速、球磨时间对粉末的特性的影响。采用SEM扫描电镜观察粉末形貌,用EDX能谱分析了粉末中Co元素的分布,检测了粉末中Co的化学成分,确定了液固比参数,通过检测粉末的比表面和BET粒度的变化优化球料比、球磨转速及球磨时间等工艺参数,采用最优化工艺得到了粉末比表面为6.82m2/g、BET粒度为59.4nm,Co相分布均匀的纳米WC-8Co复合粉末。     

球磨液体介质对Sm(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)7.4合金粉末粒度的影响

在球径、转速和球料比相同的情况下,分别采用溶剂汽油和甲苯作为滚动球磨的液体介质,对Sm(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)7.4合金粉进行了一系列的试验.测定了2种介质环境下,试样的粒度及氧含量与球磨时间的关系.结果发现,采用溶剂汽油作为液体介质时,较强的静电排斥力有利于球磨过程中粉末颗粒的分散,促进粉末的细化.     

Photosedimentation analysis of powders

Conclusions Sedimentation analysis with the aid of scanning-beam photosedimentographs is a very accurate method of determining the particle-size distribution of powder specimens. Analytical accuracy depends to a large extent on the condition of the powder being tested and the composition of the dispersing medium.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 11 (95), pp. 5–9, November, 1970.     

Synthesis of ductile titanium-titanium boride (Ti-TiB) composites with a beta-titanium matrix: The nature of TiB formation and composite properties

The study focused on the in-situ synthesis of titanium (Ti)-titanium boride (TiB) composites with β phase in the matrix by reaction sintering of TiB₂ with Ti and alloying element powders. The goal was to examine the nature of TiB whisker formation in three different kinds of powder mixtures: (1) β-Ti alloy powders and TiB₂; (2) α-Ti powder, a master alloy (Fe-Mo) powder containing the β-stabilizing elements, and TiB₂; and (3) α-Ti powder, a β-stabilizing elemental powder (Mo or Nb), and TiB₂. The effects of powder packing and the relative locations of powder particles on the morphological changes in TiB whisker formation and their growth were studied at processing temperatures ranging from 1100°C to 1300°C. The morphology, size, and distribution of whiskers were found to be influenced by the powder-packing conditions. A large particle-size ratio in bimodally packed mixtures led to the formation of a TiB monolithic layer around β grains. With a relatively finer starting powder, smaller size ratio, and trimodal packing arrangement, the TiB whiskers were found to be distributed more homogeneously in the matrix. The study also used the X-ray direct comparison method and the structure factor for the β phase to determine the volume fraction of TiB phase from X-ray data. Tensile tests and fractographic investigations were carried out on selected composites. The evolution of the composite microstructure, the influence of powder-packing variables, and the morphology and growth of TiB whiskers and their effect on mechanical properties are discussed.     

FACTORS AFFECTING THE COMPACTION OF TUNGSTEN POWDERS

Abstract

It is difficult to form tungsten powders into compacts by pressure-forming methods. The brittleness of the powder particles causes them to fracture under pressure instead of producing the typical “point welds” exhibited by more ductile particles. Because of this, the powder characteristics such as particle size, size distribution, and particle shape play a most important role in the compacting of tungsten powders.

Both regular- and irregular-shaped particles of tungsten powder are discussed as regards the formation of strong and dense compacts from these powders. Powders composed of irregular-shaped particles gave stronger, but less dense compacts. The effects of particle size and particle-size distribution are also considered. Each of these factors has individual as well as combined effects. It was found that certain critical particle-size distributions produced the densest compacts.

It is concluded that interlocking of particles, which is brought about by surface irregularities, and interfit, which is determined by correct particle-size distribution, are the determining factors in the compaction of tungsten powders.     

CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OF COBALT POWDER SUITABLE FOR HARD METAL PRODUCTION

Abstract

Prompted by the fact that knowledge of the essential properties of fine metallic powders, such as Co powder, used in hard metal production is often inadequate, this investigation uses a special working hypothesis. According to this the following properties of such a powder are most important: its SEM image, specific surface area, crystallite size as determined with X-rays, and α/β phase distribution. In the first part of this paper two well-known commercial Co powders are studied; in the second part methods of producing a fine Co powder from a special type of Co oxalate are described. The results show that it is feasible to produce a powder corresponding to the reference powders, provided that the crystal size and form of the oxalate are correctly developed and decomposition conditions (temperature, time) are right.     

THE VIBRATORY PACKING OF POWDERS

Abstract

The objective, in packing particles by vibration, is to increase the density of packing. The main factors affecting the packing of particles in this way are the characteristics of the powder (size distribution, shape, surface condition) and the vibration variables (frequency, amplitude, time). Other factors include segregation by size and shape and also, for a multicomponent powder, by particle density. The wall effect of the container might also be expected to influence the packing in its vicinity. An experimental investigation of some of these variables is here reported.     

制备Y_2O_3弥散铁素体合金粉末方法的研究

为了开发作为快增殖堆及聚变堆结构候选材料的ODS铁素体合金,采用氮气雾化方法制备Fe-Cr-Ti-W-V合金粉末.采用溶胶-凝胶法、沉淀法和化学浸润等方法向合金中添加Y2O3颗粒,对各种添加方法得到合金粉中的Y2O3的形貌、粒度、密度分布进行了分析与对比,结果表明:上述3种方法都可以成功地将Y2O3添加到铁素体基合金粉体中;采用溶胶-凝胶法弥散分布Y2O3,可获得Y2O3颗粒分布均匀、直径在50nm以下的颗粒约占总数的50%、颗粒的平均圆度为1.25的基本圆形的粉体.     

Numerical Method for Modelling the Microstructure of Granular Materials

Modelling of the structure of powder materials with dense packing of nonspherical particles is considered. A numerical method is suggested based on an original computer model of packing for particles of complex shape (spherical polyhedra that are considered as smooth convex polyhedrons). Numerical experiments are provided for packing of particles with lamellar, cylindrical, and cubic shape. A dependence is established for coordination number and packing porosity on particle surface area and shape.