对不锈钢硫酸—硫酸铜腐蚀试验方法的探讨

本文根据GB2270-80不锈钢无缝钢管和YB678-71航空用不锈无缝钢管标准对奥氏体不锈钢管晶间腐蚀的要求,按GB1223-75不锈耐酸钢晶间腐蚀试验方法中T法和GB4334·5-84不锈钢耐腐蚀试验方法,对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈管进行晶间腐蚀试验的检验实践,运用对比试验方法,研讨了在对钢管晶间腐蚀评定中两种不同评定方法:弯曲法和金相法的相互关系及存在差异以及试验温度、时间等诸因素的影响,并对GB4334·5-84修改提出了建设性意见。     

304L不锈钢的应力腐蚀

本文研究了３０４Ｌ不锈钢氧氯化反应器上封头的应力腐蚀行为，研究结果表明，材料裂纹的产生是由腐蚀引起。在氯离子作用下首先在硅钙类氧化物夹杂物处发生点蚀，成为裂纹源，然后在应力，氯离子和硫离子三种因素作用下产生裂纹，氯离子和硫离子在裂纹处不断积聚，在应力作用下裂纹扩展，最后导致材料失效。     

HSHM铸造不锈钢的组织及其腐蚀行为

设计新型ＨＳＨＭ铸造不锈钢的化学成分，采用金相显微镜，Ｘ射线衍射仪和腐蚀试验，研究了该钢的组织及腐蚀行为，试验结果表明ＨＳＨＭ钢经１１５０℃固溶处理后，具有较好的耐稀盐酸蚀性能，较高的抗晶间腐蚀与抗点蚀性能。     

Application and failure evaluation of ferritic stainless steels for automotive exhaust systems

In recent years,with attention paid to global environmental problems,there have been requirements for continuous improvement of automobile fuel economy and exhaust gas purification rate.The properties of the ferritic stainless steels(FSS) used to make automobile parts have been improved.This paper introduces the construction of automotive exhaust systems and describes their main failure behaviors and corrosion evaluation procedures.     

Recent developments in stainless steels:austenitic,ferritic,duplex

A review is given concerning some of the recent industrial developments of stainless steels. In austenitic stainless steels,two different directions of alloy development are noticeable:low nickel austenitic stainless steels and high nitrogen stainless steels.In these two cases the aims are different,particularly in terms of strength,but the philosophy of alloy development and the scientific approaches are very similar and they all revolve about the role of nitrogen as an alloying element and how this affects strength,ductility and corrosion resistance. There is now a broad and useful basis of information as to how nitrogen affects solid solution hardening,grain boundary hardening and work hardening and how to make use of these effects in developing materials required by the world market. In the field of corrosion resistance,ferritic,duplex and austenitic stainless steels compete with each other and now there is a growing body of information concerning the relative corrosion resistance based on laboratory data. However,for practical applications and for alloy selection,more than just laboratory data are needed,and thus,the first results are presented here of a many years comparison of the corrosion resistance of 24 commercial stainless steels exposed to corrosion in outdoors marine atmosphere.Hope is expressed to involve in the near future even more steels from a wider range of manufacturers in such corrosion studies.This might help consumers in appropriate alloy selection.It might also help steel makers in developing appropriate stainless steel grades.     

海洋工程用钢的大气腐蚀与耐候钢的发展

综述了海洋工程用钢的大气腐蚀行为与耐候钢发展方面的研究,特别是近十余年来国内外的相关成果。首先介绍了钢大气腐蚀的电化学模型,并从耐候钢特殊的锈层结构与合金元素作用两方面论述了耐候钢的锈层保护机制;然后分析了环境因素,包括相对湿度与污染物、光照、锈层损伤等,对耐候钢大气腐蚀行为的影响;最后总结了耐候钢的发展历程以及晶粒尺寸与显微组织等非合金因素在耐候钢发展中的作用,可为新型耐候钢的设计与应用提供指导。     

409L和430铁素体不锈钢耐局部腐蚀性能

采用电化学测试技术与化学浸泡实验相结合,对比研究了409L和430铁素体不锈钢热轧板材耐点蚀和耐晶间腐蚀的能力.结果表明:409L不锈钢的击穿电位与保护电位的差小、钝化膜的修复能力较强,表现为小尺度的浅点蚀孔;430不锈钢的击穿电位较高,耐点蚀能力高于409L不锈钢,但430不锈钢热轧态的条带组织有明显的腐蚀微电池效应,表现为比较严重的全面腐蚀;409L不锈钢含Cr量低,且其热轧态未经过稳定化处理,使得409L不锈钢耐晶间腐蚀能力劣于430不锈钢.经微观分析:409L不锈钢为沿着基体等轴晶界的典型晶间腐蚀形貌特征,而430不锈钢在轧向碳化物(M₂₃C₆)与基体的相界面上呈现分层腐蚀痕迹.     

The effect of W and Cu on the microstructure and properties of Ni-saving 25Cr duplex stainless steels

Some new Ni-saving 25Cr duplex stainless steels(DSS)have been developed.The results indicate that the alloy has a balanced ferrite-austenite relation after hot forge and solid solution treatment at 1 000℃. The elements W and Cu have a marked effect on the microstructure of the alloy.The pitting potential of the steel adding W and Cu elements reaches the maximum value of 435 mV.The tensile strength and percentage of area reduction of all steels in this paper are 800 -900 MPa and 60%-70%,respectively.The tensile elongations of the alloys are all above 30%.The experimental steels have good corrosion and mechanical property.     

不锈钢生产现状及广钢开发不锈钢的探讨

分析国内外不锈钢的生产现状和消费情况及广东省对不锈钢的需求，并对广钢集团介入不锈钢的生产提出了建议；最后就珠钢续建工程生产不锈钢的生产规模、生产品种、装备配置提出了初步设想。     

电化学方法在不锈钢腐蚀研究中的应用现状及发展趋势

电化学手段可以实现对不锈钢材料的快速评价和腐蚀机理研究,因而受到广泛应用。在不锈钢耐蚀性评价方面,最常采用的电化学手段主要有腐蚀电位测试、交流阻抗测试、恒电位极化测试以及循环动电位极化测试。本文分别针对上述四种电化学方法在不锈钢耐蚀性评价上的应用情况进行了介绍,明确了各种检测方法的特点。腐蚀电位及交流阻抗测试是无损检测手段,可以满足长周期腐蚀监测需求;恒电位极化和循环动电位极化测试可以获得材料的极化特征参数,有利于对材料的腐蚀机理及耐蚀性进行评价。结合当前的不锈钢腐蚀研究现状,展望了电化学方法在腐蚀研究领域的发展趋势:未来电化学方法将更多作为腐蚀调控手段,需要结合其他检测技术实现对不锈钢腐蚀过程的精细分析。      

合金元素对双相不锈钢2101耐点蚀性能的影响

研究了合金元素对双相不锈钢2101耐点蚀性能的影响规律。结果显示,2101系列合金的浸泡点蚀腐蚀速率在1.9～7.0 g/（m^2.h）之间,与304不锈钢在同一数量级;Mo是提高2101系双相不锈钢耐腐蚀性的关键元素,而N对耐腐蚀性的影响不大;点蚀起源和Thermo-Calc计算结果显示2101成分体系中,铁素体相是耐点蚀性较弱相,提高铁素体相耐蚀性是提高合金整体耐蚀性的关键;当Cr含量固定在21.5%时,Mo作为铁素体形成元素将在铁素体相中富集,提高铁素体相的耐点蚀性能,从而提高合金整体耐蚀性。     

硫化氢环境下两种不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂行为

用U形弯试样浸泡和慢应变速率拉伸实验研究了3Cr17Ni7Mo2SiN和00Cr22Ni5Mo3N(2205)不锈钢在硫化氢介质中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为.2205不锈钢的SCC萌生孕育期较长,在pH较低的饱和H₂S溶液中具有明显的SCC敏感性,其SCC敏感性随溶液pH值的升高或H₂S含量的降低而迅速降低.3Cr17Ni7Mo2SiN的SCC孕育期均低于2205不锈钢,在pH ≤ 4.5、H₂S的质量浓度 ≥ 10³mg·L^-1的H₂S介质中均具有明显的SCC敏感性,其SCC敏感性受pH值和H₂S含量变化影响较小.3Cr17Ni7Mo2SiN的SCC以沿晶裂纹萌生,扩展后转变为穿晶应力腐蚀开裂;2205不锈钢近表面处首先发生奥氏体-铁素体相间氢致开裂,并促进SCC萌生,其SCC为穿晶应力腐蚀开裂.