A novel approach to practical matrix converter motor drive system with reverse blocking IGBT

This paper proposes a novel control strategy and a protection circuit and shows the advantage of utilizing a newly developed reverse blocking insulated gate bipolar transistor (RB-IGBT), to solve several practical problems of the matrix converter. The proposed control strategy is based on a virtual indirect control method with a virtual rectifier and a virtual inverter. Pulse-width modulated (PWM) pulses for the matrix converter are obtained by combining PWM pulses for the virtual rectifier and inverter. As a result, the control part of the input current and output voltage can be clearly separated. Thus, the conventional inverter control algorithms can be applied to the virtual inverter control. The advantage of this method is confirmed by experimental results with a 22-kW induction motor drive system. Good sinusoidal waveforms are obtained for the input and output currents, and the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the input and output current are 5.1% and 1.4%, respectively. The conduction loss of the RB-IGBT is decreased to about two-thirds of the conventional ac switch with series connection diode. Thus, the converter loss is about a half to the conventional PWM rectifier-inverter system with the same capacity. Furthermore, the protection problem is solved by a dynamic clamp method without an electrolytic capacitor. This protection circuit directly dissipates reactive load energy by dynamic clamp operation of an IGBT.     

无源器件辅助换流的单相全桥软开关逆变器

为提高单相全桥逆变器的转换效率,提出了一种无源器件辅助换流的单相全桥软开关逆变器拓扑结构,通过在逆变器桥臂上增加辅助谐振电路,实现了开关器件的软开关动作.辅助谐振电路中无辅助开关器件,只含有电感、电容和二极管等少量无源器件,这有利于降低辅助电路的成本,而且不会使逆变器的控制策略复杂化.此外,在逆变器处于死区状态时,负载电流能通过辅助谐振电路续流,可以改善逆变器输出电流波形的畸变率,减小了死区的不利影响.文中详细分析了电路的工作过程,在功率为4kW的单相实验样机上进行了实验验证,获得的实验结果表明在轻载和满载时逆变器的开关器件都能实现软开关,逆变器输出电流波形的畸变率都得到了改善.因此,该无源器件辅助换流的单相全桥软开关拓扑结构对于提高逆变器的性能具有重要意义.     

A High-Frequency Resonant Inverter Using Current-Vector Control Scheme and Its Performance Evaluations

The authors introduce a new configuration of resonant-type high-frequency inverter having inherent fast control response of the output power and variable-voltage variable-frequency (VVVF) capability. The circuit is composed of a parallel combination of two series-resonant inverters with common input and output terminals. Both inverter units are operated at synchronous frequency and with an adjustable phase difference from 0° to 180°, allowing control of the output power from full to null power, respectively. Operation of this inverter is explained and computer-simulated operating waveforms and characteristic curves are shown in terms of normalized control variables and circuit parameters. A prototype inverter using Power MOSFET modules has been originally tested with a high-frequency induction heating and melting load to demonstrate experimentally the proposed control principle and the steady-state inverter performances under parallel tuned load conditions.     

PWM technique for power MOSFET inverter

A sinusoidal PWM (pulsewidth-modulated) inverter suitable for use with power MOSFETs is described. The output waveforms in the proposed PWM inverter are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. A modulating signal for the three-phase PWM inverter is obtained by adding the harmonic components of integer multiples of three to the three-phase sine waves. By using the proposed modulating signal, the amplitude of the fundamental component is increased about 15% more than that of a conventional sine-wave inverter and the commutation number of the inverter is decreased to two-thirds of a conventional one     

新型单相全桥无源软开关逆变器

为改善单相全桥逆变器的运行效率,设计出了一种新型单相全桥无源软开关逆变器,在每个开关周期的换流过程中,利用逆变器的低损耗辅助谐振电路,使开关器件实现软切换以节约电能.辅助谐振电路只含有电感、电容和二极管等无源器件,不会使逆变器的控制变复杂.此外,在逆变器处于死区状态下,负载电流可通过辅助电路进行续流,减小了死区状态对逆变器输出电流波形的不利影响.文中分析了电路的工作过程,在功率为3kW的单相样机上的实验结果表明开关器件能实现软开关,逆变器输出电流波形的畸变率得到了改善.因此,该拓扑结构对于研发高性能单相全桥逆变器具有重要参考价值.     

A novel sine PWM scheme using waveform generators

The paper presents a novel circuit for generating the sine PWM control signals for a single phase inverter. Waveform generating ICs based on a JFET are used to generate the synchronized sine and triangular waveforms with a high accuracy and wide range of frequencies. Experimental waveforms and frequency spectra of inverter output voltage are presented     

New three-port DC-AC inverter outputting a single-phase and a set of three-phase AC voltages

A conventional DC-AC inverter can only output either a single-phase AC voltage or a set of three-phase AC voltages. A new three-port DC-AC inverter which can simultaneously output a single-phase AC voltage and a set of three-phase AC voltages is proposed in this paper. This three-port DC-AC inverter is based on the three-port T-type multi-level power converter which is composed of three T-type power electronic legs, a decoupling transformer set, a filter inductor set, a single-phase filter capacitor, and a three-phase filter capacitor set. The DC port of the proposed power converter is connected to a DC power source to act as the input port, and the single-phase AC port and the three-phase AC port serve as two output ports to supply power to the single-phase load and the three-phase load, respectively. The zero-sequence transformer is used to decouple the single-phase and three-phase AC components, which are generated by the three T-type power electronic legs. The operation principle of this three-port DC-AC inverter is analyzed, and a hardware prototype is established to verify the performance of the proposed three-port DC-AC inverter. The experimental results are as expected.     

基于C＋＋Builder实现炼镁炉监控系统的数据库管理

针对炼铁炉监控系统的数据管理要求,使用C＋＋Builder6．0开发平台,以SQLServer2000数据库管理系统为数据库基础,设计开发了一款炼镁炉监测数据管理系统。该系统利用ADO接口,实现了对SQLServer2000数据库的有效连接和访问,以及对炼镁炉监控系统的实时采集数据的存储和对数据库的动态查询。通过TChart组件用曲线图显示查询到的历史数据,并利用TDatesource和TDBGrid组件浏览数据库的数据,最后通过Excel．Application对象的属性和方法把历史采集数据传送给Excel报表。     

On-line compensation of dead-time and inverter nonlinearity with disturbance voltage observer

This paper discusses and analyses a simple on-line compensation scheme for dead-time and inverter nonlinearity in the pulse width modulated (PWM) voltage source inverter (VSI). Dead-time effect and voltage drop in switching devices cause nonlinearity between reference and output voltage. In a conventional three-phase six-switch inverter, this nonideal condition adds extraneous harmonics that badly disturb voltage characteristics. In its turn, voltage disturbance causes distortion of the current waveform and degrades performance. In this paper, an on-line dead-time compensation method based on inverse dynamics control is proposed, and it is much simpler than conventional full/reduced order observation methods adopted in dead-time compensation. Disturbance voltages are observed on-line with no additional circuitry or off-line measurements. The observed disturbance voltages are fed back to the voltage reference for compensation. Stability problem of the proposed observer arisen from inverter delay and parameter mismatch was analysed. The proposed method is applied to a surface-mounted permanent-magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) drive. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is validated by the experimental results.     

A higher levels multilevel inverter with reduced number of switches

This paper presents a high-levels multilevel inverter (MLI) with a reduced number of the required switches. Forty-nine levels can be obtained in the output voltage from this circuit by using only 12 semiconductor switches, while in conventional topologies of MLI, a higher number of switches is required producing a lower number of levels in the output voltage. Reduction in the number of semiconductor switches, gate drivers, DC voltage sources and increasing the number of voltage levels are advantages of the proposed MLI compared with other topologies. These advantages result in smaller size, lower loss and low installation cost. Total harmonic distortion (THD) in the output waveform of the inverter is very low, thus, using a filter to improve the output waveform is not needed. A switching pulse system has been presented to produce nearly sinusoidal waveforms. Mathematical relations and switching states of the proposed topology have been discussed. Simulation results have been obtained and studied. The prototype of the modified MLI has been built and tested in the laboratory using a dSPACE (DS1104) evaluation board in order to verify the simulation results. Several of the experimental results of the proposed topology have been included and discussed.     

Three Phase Three-Level PWM Switched Voltage Source Inverter With Zero Neutral Point Potential

A new three phase three-level pulsewidth modulation (PWM) switched voltage source inverter with zero neutral point potential is proposed. It consists of three single-phase inverter modules and each module is composed of a switched voltage source and inverter switches. The major advantage is that the peak value of the phase output voltage is twice as high as that of the conventional neutral-point-clamped PWM inverter. Thus, the proposed inverter is suitable for applications with low voltage sources such as batteries, fuel cells, or solar cells. Furthermore, three-level waveforms of the proposed inverter can be achieved without the switch voltage unbalance problem. Since the average neutral point potential of the proposed inverter is zero, a common ground between the input stage and the output stage is possible. Therefore, it can be applied to a transformerless power conditioning system. The proposed inverter is verified by a PSpice simulation and experimental results based on a laboratory prototype.     

Modeling and analysis of common-mode voltages generated in medium voltage PWM-CSI drives

Common-mode voltages appear in pulse-width modulated current-source inverters (PWM-CSIs) drives due to the operating principles of the input rectifier and the output inverter. This paper presents the modeling and analysis of a medium voltage current-source inverter drive, using the Matlab software. Simulated results of the model are in close agreement with experimental waveforms obtained from an industrial AC drive, which shows overvoltages of up to 100%, generating important insulation stresses at the motor stator terminals.     

A dead-time minimization algorithm for improving the output characteristics of the PWM inverter

The dead time in an inverter is necessary to prevent the short circuit of the DC source. However, the dead time may cause serious problems such as waveform distortion, voltage drop, increased torque ripple and heating of the motors. In this paper, a dead-time minimization algorithm is proposed for improving the inverter output performance. The adverse effects of the dead time are investigated, focusing on the voltage drop and the distortion factor of inverter output current. The proposed algorithm consists of forbidding unnecessary triggers for the inverter switches that are not turned on although the gate drive signal is impressed. The proposed algorithm is explained in terms of the conduction modes of the output currents. The validity of the proposed method is verified by comparing the simulated and experimental results with those of the conventional methods. It is concluded from the results that the proposed algorithm can reduce the output current harmonics. Further, the output voltage can be equal to the reference value and the number of inverter switchings can also be reduced to 50% compared with those of conventional methods.     

电力电子装置通讯电路的研究

研究了一种简化电力电子装置通讯电路的方案,将控制器和驱动电路之间多路并行信号转化成串行信号,并且在一台单相逆变器上进行了实验验证,使逆变器得到了很好的输出波形.     

Analysis of Two Continuous Control Regions of Conventional Phase Shift and Transition Phase Shift for Induction Heating Inverter under ZVS and NON-ZVS Operation

This paper proposes an analysis of two continuous control regions of conventional phase shift and transition phase shift for a full-bridge series resonant inverter operating under zero voltage switching (ZVS) and nonzero voltage switching (NON-ZVS) conditions with the load of induction heating. A number of circuit operations for the cases of conventional phase-shift and transition phase-shift control regions under ZVS and NON-ZVS conditions are analyzed first. Various voltage and current equations of the operating circuits are then obtained and used for calculation of the waveforms with the aid of the MATLAB program. The calculated waveforms make possible the consideration of some important circuit parameters that are used to determine ZVS or NON-ZVS conditions. The theoretical results and the proposed method are also verified by experiments, using a prototype test set in our laboratory.      

Some system design considerations for a high switching frequency PWM inverter

A sinusoidal PWM inverter is required to faithfully reproduce the control waveforms at the output with minimum distortion. This paper presents some design considerations for such an inverter. The choice of switching frequency is the main criterion which affects the output voltage harmonic distortion at high switching frequencies. This paper shows that there exists an optimum switching frequency above which the output harmonic distortion becomes more visible. The dead time generator circuit for a low cost inverter and effect of driver circuits on the output waveform are discussed. Experimental results from laboratory models are presented.     

A Stand-Alone, Split-Phase Current-Sourced Inverter With Novel Energy Storage

A topology and switching algorithm are presented for producing split-phase output voltages using a current-sourced inverter (CSI). Split-phase generation has previously been accomplished using voltage-sourced inverters (VSIs). There are some advantages to instead using CSIs, such as improved output voltage waveform quality and built-in overcurrent protection; however, two issues have prevented their adoption to date. First, while a CSI does not require the input boost converter used by a VSI when fed from a low-voltage source, it may require a preconditioning circuit to provide the required dc current. Second, no algorithm for producing split-phase outputs with a CSI presently exists. This paper's two major contributions aim to solve these problems. A simple preconditioning circuit is presented to provide the necessary dc current and store energy in a capacitor bank for use during load transients. A switching algorithm is written to produce balanced split-phase output voltages under a variety of unbalanced loading conditions. It is demonstrated using simulation and experimental results on a 400-W prototype that the proposed system is able to successfully generate balanced output voltages under unbalanced, inductive, nonlinear, and transient loading conditions, while equalizing switch utilization and minimizing output voltage ripple.      

Study on magnetic noise caused by harmonics in output voltages ofPWM inverter

Harmonic components included in the output waveforms of inverter circuits cause magnetic noise from the output transformers or load motors. Functions to estimate the magnetic noise caused by the harmonics are proposed. After confirming the relationship between the proposed functions and the magnetic noise by experiments, the authors compare the magnetic noise qualitatively in several output waveforms of PWM inverters, considering their distortions. By applying those functions, those waveforms that are more noisy can be predicted     

A pulsewidth-modulated inverter with parallel connected transistorsusing current-sharing reactors

A technique for parallel connection of transistors by using current-sharing reactors for the pulse-width-modulated (PWM) transistor inverter is reported. The technique not only increases current capacity, but also decreases the output harmonic contents. The output voltage waveforms of the proposed inverter have certain voltage levels during their half cycles, and thus it is anticipated that it will be difficult to analyze the output harmonics. For such waveforms, a frequency analysis approach is described, and its results are verified by experiments