用双波长法和相移法确定光弹性参数

分别采用双波长法和相移法研究了光弹性条纹的自动分析技术。分别采用波长为630nm和532nm的激光作光源,根据在不同光场下获得的等差线条纹光强变化,可实现等差线条纹的自动定级。同时,提出了新的图像处理方法,结合等倾线相移技术实现了第一主应力方向的全场确定,再以Tardy补偿法为基础,提出了全场等差线的相移方法。该文结合经典的实验对比,详细比较分析了这两种方法的优缺点。结果表明:该文提出的新的相移方法可实现光弹性条纹的自动化分析。     

全息图再现象研究

通过分析全息图记录的干涉条纹图样，指出对于二维全息图，一束再现光将产生两个对称于全息图面的物象，两束对称于全息图面的再现光将产生位形相同的物象；三维全息图的再现，象的对称性不变，但原物象的对称再现象有一定的弥散，对称光再现时，等亮度再现象出现在全息图转动一个角度之后，实验上制作了具有清晰透射彩虹全息象的象面反射全息图。     

希尔伯特变换实时全息干涉条纹相位提取

实时全息干涉法可以观察记录整个测试过程中条纹图的动态变化,传统相位提取算法只适合于静态干涉条纹图相位的提取.根据实时全息干涉条纹和希尔伯特变换的特点,提出了利用希尔伯特变换提取实时全息干涉条纹相位值的方法,采用了高通滤波的方法减少背景光强的影响,对铝片受力变形实验中实时全息干涉条纹的相位变化分布进行了提取.实验表明:希尔伯特变换法适合于动态条纹的相位提取,可以自动提取实时全息干涉测量过程中全场各点在任意两个时刻间的相位变化值,且测量结果与实时全息干涉条纹人工分析结果一致.     

动态激光光弹超声成像设备研制与声场观察

0引言光弹法利用暂时双折射现象来研究弹性力学问题,是实验力学的重要工具。光弹法以模型的光学条纹图像显示出所研究的结构内的力学量的大小和分布规律,可有效分析复杂介质和结构的应力状态,对于优化结构设计具有重要参考价值。动态光弹研究动态应力场的状态,可用来直观显示超声波的传播、散射过程。动态光弹法能够提供比数值方法更加真实的应力场,在分析未知物理参数材料、观察未知现象方面,具有更大优势。     

数字全息信息记录最大化及简化相移技术

本丈从信息论的角度研究了数字全息信息量与记录光路的关系,证明了同轴傅里叶变换全息是实现全息信息量最大记录的光路.同时提出了一种新的简化相移数字全息显微技术,本技术采用四分之一波片作为相移器,结合计算机模拟原参考光,只需进行一次相移,拍摄两次全息图和一次物光强度分布图就可以有效的消除数字全息再现像中的零级像和共轭像.将新的相移技术与同轴无透镜傅里叶变换全息相结合,简化了相移步骤,实现了数字全息再现实像最高像素输出,从而提高了数字全息再现像分辨力.     

双材料界面端应力奇异性的数字光弹性分析

在双材料界面端奇异性应力场方程的基础上,采用数字相移光弹性方法分析了具有实数应力奇异性的界面端应力强度因子。实验选择铝合金/环氧树脂双材料形成135°和90°界面端切口进行四点弯曲测试,利用数字相移光弹性法得到界面端全场等色线级数作为原始数据。将应力光学定律和界面端奇异性应力场方程相结合,分别得到条纹级数距离界面端成线...     

静止细光束再现运动全息图实现飘移法和用相对条纹级数法解释全息干涉图

本文提出并实现用静止细光束再现运动全息图的干涉测量技术及装置。该装置不需要复杂的读取条纹的光学及机械部件,操作方便,观察点位置由二维步进装置控制器自动显示。本文还提出了一解释全息干涉图的新方法——相对条纹级数法,理论推导与实验结果符合。它是测量无零条纹大物体位移的可行方法。     

傅里叶变换同轴数字全息记录余弦变换谱系数

余弦变换广泛应用于图像和视频的压缩编码以及模式识别之中。余弦变换为实偶对称的傅里叶变换,把实偶对称物体传送到位于傅里叶变换透镜前焦面的空间光调制器上,采用单色均匀平面激光光波照射,则在后焦面上为光波复振幅分布为实偶对称物体的傅里叶变换,即为物体的余弦变换。由于余弦变换谱系数既有正实数又有负实数,提出了采用傅里叶变换同轴数字全息方法记录余弦变换谱系数,通过把数字全息图减去参考光光强和物光光强而得到余弦变换系数。理论推导和实验结果表明了该方法的可行性,该方法可应用于图像的快速余弦变换。     

基于各向异性二维Ge Se的无偏振器偏振图像传感器

偏振是光的一个重要信息,偏振探测可以把信息量从三维(光强、光谱和空间)扩充到七维(光强、光谱、空间、偏振度、光偏振等),为成像物体提供关键的视觉信息(如表面粗糙度、几何形状或方向),因此偏振成像技术在目标检测等领域有着巨大的潜力.然而这些领域往往需要复杂的偏振编码,现有的复杂透镜系统和偏振器限制了集成成像传感器的小型化能力.本文通过二维各向异性α-Ge Se半导体,成功实现了无偏振器的偏振敏感可见-近红外光电探测器/成像仪.作为传感器系统的关键部件,该原型Au/GeSe/Au光电探测器具有灵敏度高、光谱响应宽、响应速度快(~10³A W^-1, 400–1050 nm, 22.7/49.5μs)等优点.此外,该器件在690–1050 nm光谱范围内表现出独特的偏振灵敏度,并且对沿y方向的偏振光吸收最强,这一点通过分析α-Ge Se的光跃迁行为也得到了证实.最后,将2D-Ge Se器件应用到成像系统中进行偏振成像,在808 nm近红外波段处,在不同的偏振方向上,辐射目标的对比度为3.45.这种成像仪在没有偏振器的情况下,能够在场景中感知双频偏振信号,为偏振成像传感器阵列的广泛应用奠定了基础.     

CT图像的计算机制全息三维重建

提出用计算机制全息术实现CT图像的三维重建。首先研究了CT图像的三维信息融合,用计算机模拟CT图像的物光波,用菲涅耳计算全息图的方法,把CT图像的二维信息融合成三维信息,获得菲涅耳全息图。然后将计算机制全息与光学全息相结合,记录彩虹全息图。最后用扩展的白光再现,获得逼真无畸变的真正的三维立体图像,充分发挥了计算机制全息与光学全息的优势。在全息图的计算中利用了快速傅里叶算法,大大缩短计算时间。根据不同的观察需要制作了两种不同效果的全息图,并给出了理论分析和实验结果。     

Multiple fractional fourier transform hologram by use of holographic lens

Abstract

A new method is presented to record multiple fractional Fourier transform holograms by use of a holographic lens. With holographic lenses, several fractional Fourier transform holograms of different objects can be recorded in a simple way, and images of these recorded objects can be reconstructed in different positions and directions in three-dimensional space. In this paper, the theory and characteristics of the hologram recorded using the holographic lens are analysed. Using this method, a multiple fractional Fourier transform hologram was fabricated, with satisfactory results.     

基于小波变换的傅里叶加密印刷水印算法研究

在研究傅里叶加密全息技术、数字水印技术和小波理论的基础上,提出了一种基于小波变换的傅里叶加密印刷水印算法。利用该算法重建水印,有效地抑制了载体图像的低频分量对水印产生的噪声的影响;使能量分布在图像的所有像素上,具有良好的抗裁切能力;算法采用密钥加强了水印的安全性。实验表明:嵌入水印的图像一次印刷可检测,二次扫描印刷提取的水印脆弱,可以抵抗基本的图像处理操作。     

High resolution digital holographic microscopy with a wide field of view based on a synthetic aperture technique and use of linear CCD scanning

Theoretical analysis shows that, to improve the resolution and the range of the field of view of the reconstructed image in digital lensless Fourier transform holography, an effective solution is to increase the area and the pixel number of the recorded digital hologram. A new approach based on the synthetic aperture technique and use of linear CCD scanning is presented to obtain digital holographic images with high resolution and a wide field of view. By using a synthetic aperture technique and linear CCD scanning, we obtained digital lensless Fourier transform holograms with a large area of 3.5 cm x 3.5 cm (5000 x 5000 pixels). The numerical reconstruction of a 4 mm object at a distance of 14 cm by use of a Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integral shows that a theoretically minimum resolvable distance of 2.57 microm can be achieved at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical analysis.     

Single-shot full resolution region-of-interest (ROI) reconstruction in image plane digital holographic microscopy

We describe a numerical processing technique that allows single-shot region-of-interest (ROI) reconstruction in image plane digital holographic microscopy with full pixel resolution. The ROI reconstruction is modelled as an optimization problem where the cost function to be minimized consists of an L2-norm squared data fitting term and a modified Huber penalty term that are minimized alternately in an adaptive fashion. The technique can provide full pixel resolution complex-valued images of the selected ROI which is not possible to achieve with the commonly used Fourier transform method. The technique can facilitate holographic reconstruction of individual cells of interest from a large field-of-view digital holographic microscopy data. The complementary phase information in addition to the usual absorption information already available in the form of bright field microscopy can make the methodology attractive to the biomedical user community.     

Polarization holographic high-density optical data storage in bacteriorhodopsin film

Optical films containing the genetic variant bacteriorhodopsin BR-D96N were experimentally studied in view of their properties as media for holographic storage. Different polarization recording schemes were tested and compared. The influence of the polarization states of the recording and readout waves on the retrieved diffractive image's intensity and its signal-to-noise ratio were analyzed. The experimental results showed that, compared with the other tested polarization relations during holographic recording, the discrimination between the polarization states of diffracted and scattered light is optimized with orthogonal circular polarization of the recording beams, and thus a high signal-to-noise ratio and a high diffraction efficiency are obtained. Using a He-Ne laser (633 nm, 3 mW) for recording and readout, a spatial light modulator as a data input element, and a 2D-CCD sensor for data capture in a Fourier transform holographic setup, a storage density of 2 x 10(8) bits/cm2 was obtained on a 60 x 42 microm2 area in the BR-D96N film. The readout of encoded binary data was possible with a zero-error rate at the tested storage density.     

Fourier-domain digital holographic optical coherence imaging of living tissue

Digital holographic optical coherence imaging is a full-frame coherence-gated imaging approach that uses a CCD camera to record and reconstruct digital holograms from living tissue. Recording digital holograms at the optical Fourier plane has advantages for diffuse targets compared with Fresnel off-axis digital holography. A digital hologram captured at the Fourier plane requires only a 2D fast Fourier transform for numerical reconstruction. We have applied this technique for the depth-resolved imaging of rat osteogenic tumor multicellular spheroids and acquired cross-section images of the anterior segment and the retinal region of a mouse eye. A penetration depth of 1.4 mm for the tumor spheroids was achieved.     

Computing the Electric and Magnetic Green’s Functions in General Electrically Gyrotropic Media

A method for an approximate computation of the electric and magnetic Green’s functions for the time-harmonic Maxwell’s equations in the general electrically gyrotropic materials is proposed. This method is based on the Fourier transform meta-approach: the equations for electric and magnetic fields are written in terms of images of the Fourier transform with respect to space variables and as a result of it the linear algebraic systems for finding Fourier images of the columns of the Green’s functions are obtained. The explicit formulas for the solutions of the obtained systems have been found. Finally, elements of the Green’s functions are determined by the inverse Fourier transform in the space of tempered distributions. The approximate computation of the inverse Fourier transform has been implemented by MATLAB tools. The computational experiments confirm the robustness of the method.     

基于CMYK颜色空间的光全息水印算法研究

在印刷CMYK颜色空间、傅里叶全息加密和数字水印理论的基础上,提出了基于CMYK颜色空间的光全息水印算法。该算法不用转换颜色空间,避免了未印刷就人为导致水印信息的丢失,提高了重建水印的相似度;解密时,由于傅里叶变换的特性,重建水印的共轭图像与原水印图像互相叠加,增强了重建水印的清晰度。实验结果表明,该算法有较好的不可见性和较强鲁棒性,可以抵抗一般图像处理等操作。     

Digital holography using a digital photo-camera

The possibilities of running digital holography using commonly available digital zoom photo-cameras are studied. A new modified method of the holographic set-up exploiting the properties of a photo-camera is suggested. This method offers a straightforward and simple way of both digital hologram recording and reconstructing. In order to verify the feasibility of the method, the holograms acquired are digitally reconstructed using a computer code based on the fast Fourier transform algorithm. Experimental results obtained are presented and discussed.     

基于归一化的全息水印技术

提出了一种结合了归一化技术和全息技术的数字水印技术。首先,利用归一化技术对图像作归一化运算,同时利用全息技术将水印二值图处理为全息图;其次,取归一化后图像分块离散余弦变换的中频系数,对中频系数所组成的矩阵作离散小波变换;最后将全息图嵌入到离散小波变换的低频分量中。由于图像归一化技术具有抗仿射变换的性能,同时全息技术具有很强的抗裁切的性能,所以此数字水印技术具有很强的抗仿射变换的性能,可以广泛的用于数字作品的版权保护。