铜包铝复合线拉拔工艺的数值模拟

运用Deform-3D有限元分析软件对铜包铝复合线拉拔过程进行数值模拟,获得了拉拔过程中的轴向应力、径向应力及等效应变等的分布,分析了影响铜包铝复合界面强度、拉拔模具弹性变形及使用寿命的关键因素。这对在拉拔实际生产中提高铜包铝复合线材的质量、延长模具寿命具有一定的指导意义。     

铜包铝气压连铸成形工艺

在自制的铜包铝气压连铸成形设备上,成功地连铸出内径为8mm,铜层厚度为2mm的小尺寸铜包铝双金属连铸复合棒坯。复合棒坯连续稳定,表面质量良好。经扫描电镜观察和剪切强度测试,发现铜包覆层厚度均匀,内部铜铝界面形成具有一定厚度的扩散边界,内外层金属实现了有效结合。经过后续拉拔加工,成功制备出外径为0.95mm的铜包铝复合线材,经测试,其退火后的抗拉强度,伸长率和电阻率分别为208.43MPa,13.44%,2.454×10-6Ω·cm。     

退火温度对连铸-轧制成形铜包铝复合扁排组织与性能的影响

研究退火温度对连铸-轧制成形铜包铝复合扁排组织、界面结构与结合强度、力学性能以及电学性能的影响。结果表明:铜包覆层在300℃开始再结晶,400℃时再结晶完成;芯部铝靠近铜包覆层的剧烈变形区在200℃完成再结晶;而在中心部位,粗晶区在250℃时已开始再结晶,400℃时再结晶完成。铜包铝复合扁排的抗拉强度和伸长率在300℃以下退火时变化较小,在300℃以上退火时变化显著。随着退火温度的增加,界面结合强度先增大后减少。在250℃及以下温度退火时,界面处无明显金属间化合物相生成,因此,在此温度范围内,界面结合强度随着退火温度的升高而升高;退火温度在300~400℃时,界面处有金属间化合物相生成,且随温度升高,界面厚度由约1μm增大到约4μm,界面结合强度由54.0 MPa逐渐降低到25.8 MPa。铜包铝复合扁排的电阻率主要受基体金属组织状态的影响,随着退火温度的升高,铜包铝扁排的电阻率逐渐降低;在本实验条件下,当界面处金属间化合物层的厚度不大于4μm时,金属间化合物层对电阻率的影响不明显。     

铜/铝复合材料的固-液复合法制备及其界面结合机理

采用固-液复合法制备了铜／铝双金属复合材料,并对铜,铝复合界面的组织结构和结合性能进行了研究。在分析工艺参数对铜／铝复合界面影响规律的基础上,对复合工艺进行了优化。结果表明,在使用混合熔剂对铜板进行预处理的情况下,当铜板预热温度为400℃、铝液浇注温度为700℃时,可以获得铜／铝界面过渡层厚度为45μm、界面剪切强度达57MPa的良好复合界面。进一步研究表明,铜,铝复合界面的结合是通过铜／铝接触面上铜的熔化和向铝中的扩散实现的。     

连铸铜包铝棒深加工工艺的试验研究

对连铸的复合铜包铝棒坯经过静液挤压、拉拔,制备出直径不同的铜包铝导线,所制备产品表面光滑圆整,无凹痕、裂纹等缺陷.对铜包铝棒坯、挤压制品及拉拔制品进行的微观组织及相关性能分析发现在加工的各个阶段,铜铝包覆比一定,拉拔挤压后晶粒进一步细化,铜铝界面间无明显化合物产生,其外观、导电性能和力学性能达到了国家标准.     

铜包铝双金属连铸复合导线退火工艺的研究

采用氮气加压充芯连铸工艺,制备出外径为12mm,内径为8mm的铜包铝双金属复合连棒坯。连铸坯在不经退火的情况下经过多道次拉拔,制备出直径为0.6mm的复合线材。所制备铜包铝复合线表面光滑圆整,无凹痕、裂纹等缺陷,在加工的各个阶段,铜铝包覆比基本一定。对拉拔后的复合导线经1h不同温度退火测试,在温度为450℃时获得了较优良的综合性能,其抗拉强度为208.43MPa,伸长率为13.44%,电阻率为2.454×10~(-8)Ω·m,主要性能符合铜包铝线电子行业标准的要求。     

充芯连铸铜包铝棒坯工艺参数对表面质量的影响

在自制的连铸设备上，通过工艺参数的合理匹配，成功地制备出外层为铜内层为铝，外径为40mm、铜壁厚为8mm、长为80cm的铜包铝棒坯。试验发现铜液的熔化温度、结晶器水冷铜套与石墨衬套的接触长度、连铸速度、二次冷却水的位置和流量对固液界面、铜管的表面质量以及复合界面铜铝的相互扩散都有很大的影响。合理匹配可使固液界面位置调整到离结晶器出口端5～10mm处，复合棒坯表面光洁、复合良好，经过挤压与拉拔，可以制成不同直径的铜包铝复合线。     

基于数值模拟的铜铝接触线拉拔成形工艺优化

采用DEFORM-3D有限元分析软件对铜铝接触线拉拔加工过程进行三维数值模拟,得到拉拔过程中等效应力、等效应变及流动速度分布,分析了接触线复合界面产生缝隙的原因以及实际生产中接触线弯曲的原因。通过改变铜线坯断面形状,使铜铝接触线界面结合良好,调整铝侧定径带长度为2mm、铜侧定径带长度为5mm,使接触线保持平直,并分析了拉拔模角对拉拔加工工艺的影响。     

铝铜双金属管拉伸复合界面强度的研究

采用压剪切法来评价和测定铝铜双金属管拉伸复合界面强度,根据该原理设计并制作了一套复合界面强度检测装置。通过正交试验,研究了各工艺因素对复合界面强度的影响规律,为合理制订铝铜双金属管拉伸复合工艺提供了依据。     

铜包铝复合材料连铸充芯工艺

设计和制造成一台制备铜包铝的连铸充芯试验机,特点是,结晶器为水冷铜内衬石墨套;在高度方向上设置一高一低直径不同的加热器,下加热器与结晶器连接在试验机上.结果成功连铸充芯出芯部直径为24mm、外层厚度为8mm的铜包铝双金属复合棒.通过测试和分析此复合棒的宏观和微观复合断面、化学成分分布、复合界面的剪切强度,表明此连铸充芯试验机可以制备出复合良好的铜包铝双金属棒,并且发现铜铝结合层的强度高于芯部金属的结合强度.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.