浅谈我国石墨化工艺及设备的改造和发展

着重介绍我国石墨电极生产中爱奇逊石墨化工艺设备的情况及其供电设备由交流向大直流的改造，大直流石墨化工艺上的研究、技术改进和发展情况；同时介绍内热式串接石墨化新工艺，并通过对内热式串接石墨化和大直流石墨化工艺的比较，国外内热式串接石墨化工艺的应用情况和我国对内热式串接石墨化工艺试验，指出内热式串接石墨化是石墨化发展的趋势     

铸铁石墨的变态规律

把铸铁中几种典型的石墨萃取出来，从石墨中切取透射电镜可以研究的薄膜。用扫描电镜和透射电镜研究了铸铁中几种典型石墨的微观形貌和微观结构。研究得出，铸铁中石墨变态的基本规律是：随着石墨晶体沿[0001]方向生长速度的增加，石墨由片状石墨→蠕虫状石墨→球状石墨→开花状石墨→过球化石墨。大断面铸件中心的变态石墨是过球化石墨．而不是球状石墨向蠕虫状石墨或片状石墨方向衰退的产物。     

天然墨及其在铝电解中的应用

中国天然石墨的储量，产量和出口量目前均占世界第一位，研究它在铝电解中的应用（如柔性石墨作为铝电解槽内衬档板，天然石墨阴极碳块作为电极）很有实际意义。本文还介绍天然石墨的性质，天然石墨矿石和天然石墨的分类。     

高纯石墨生产企业“浩市”落户恒山

日前，堪称国内技术最先进、规模最大、产量最大的生产高纯石墨的企业——鸡西市浩市新能源材料有限公司落户恒山。恒山区拥有丰富的煤炭和石墨资源。尤其石墨资源，亚洲储量最大，具有广阔的开发前景。石墨产品深加工更具有领域宽、应用广、产业效益高等特点。为充分发挥石墨资源优势，恒山区委、区政府积极对外推介石墨深加工项目，诚招有识之士加盟石墨高新技术产品开发。     

制粉工艺对制备银/石墨电触头材料性能的影响

采用机械混粉、化学包覆粗石墨和球磨纳米石墨制备银/石墨混合粉，经冷压、烧结、复压工序，制备了AgC5触头材料。性能测试和组织分析表明：包覆纳米石墨纳米石墨工艺，制备得到了组织更均匀的银/石墨触头材料，同时，材料的电磨损性能有了较大的改善。     

铸铁中石墨生长时的弯曲与蠕化

用液淬技术，对初生石墨和共晶石墨的生长模式进行了对比研究。揭示出蠕墨弯曲频繁主要是石墨和奥氏体相互作用的结果，并非变质元素所致；变质元素通过对石墨生长界面的直接作用，改变石墨的生长方式，影响石墨的结晶形貌。     

石墨含量对铜基材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

探讨了石墨含量对铜基材料摩擦磨损性能的影响和材料的摩擦磨损机理。结果表明：不含石墨时，材料的摩擦系数和磨损率均较大，磨损主要为粘着磨损；添加石墨后，材料的摩擦系数和磨损率均显著降低，且随石墨含量增加，摩擦系数逐渐降低，在一定石墨含量范围内（＜３．５％），磨损率也逐渐减小，这与材料的强度、硬度有关。材料的磨损以应变疲劳磨损为主。随载荷增加，摩擦系数和磨损率均增加。     

球墨铸铁的石墨球数及其影响因素

球铁生产中希望获得球形圆整、分布均匀、球径较小和数量较多的石墨球。国标GB9441－88“’对球化级别（球化率）和石墨大小作了分级，但没有石墨球数的评定级别。美国铸造师学会（AFS）编写的《球墨铸铁金相图谱）t”（以下简称AFS图谱）中把石墨球数由25个／mm’到300个／mm’，分为7个级别。在球化良好和石墨分布均匀的球墨铸铁中，石墨球数与石墨大小（球径）有一近似的对应关系，如表1。由表1可见，用石墨球数来评价球铁组织中石墨的均匀程度要比用石墨大小（或球径）作评价参数，更为详实和精确。目前，国内对石墨球数的研究较少…     

真空热处理下沥青基碳微球向石墨化球转变的研究

本文以脱油沥青的高附加值利用为研究目的，采用化学气相沉积和真空热处理相结合的方法，宏量制备得到粒度均一、高的石墨化程度和高的热稳定性石墨微球（GraphiticSpheres，GS5）。通过SEM、HRTEM、XRD和TGA等测试手段对比碳微球和石墨碳球，高温热处理得到的碳球石墨化程度高，热稳定性好。在热动力作用下，无序结构的碳微球结构逐步向有序的石墨碳结构过渡，形成了石墨球。     

高强度D型石墨铸铁的研究进展

综述了灰铸铁中产生D型石墨的原因，D型石墨对灰铸铁性能的影响以及D型石墨灰铸铁的应用。国内外的研究表明：深过冷，在灰铸铁中加入提高过冷度的合金元素（钛，铝，锑，碲，稀土元素等）或者二者的结合都会促进生成D型石墨；D型石墨灰铸铁具有较高的强度，较好的抗氧化性，抗生长性，抗热疲劳性和耐磨性；D型石墨灰铸铁已经广泛用于生产玻璃模具，压缩机缸体，压缩机曲轴等铸件。笔者还介绍了采用钒钛生铁生产的D型石墨合金铸铁凸轮轴的性能特点及其应用情况。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).