回火时间对0．16C－10Ni－14Co－1Cr－1Mo钢和0．23C－12Ni－14Co－3Cr－1Mo钢组织与性能的影响

研究了０．１６Ｃ－１０Ｎｉ－１４Ｃｏ－１Ｃｒ－１Ｍｏ（１６ＮｉＣｏ）钢在５１０℃和０．２３℃－１２Ｎｉ－１４Ｃｏ－３Ｃｒ－１Ｍｏ（２３ＮｉＣｏ）钢在４８２℃回火的组织与性能。随回火时间的延长，强度、硬度的降低主要是由于Ｍ_２Ｃ的粗化及与基体共格性降低所致。Ｍ_２Ｃ的粗化速度２３ＮｉＣｏ钢要小于１６ＮｉＣｏ钢。     

高钴,镍超高强度钢的二次硬化行为

利用透射电子显微术（ＴＥＭ）研究了一种高钴、镍超高强度钢不同时效温度下的碳化物的析了过程及钢的二次硬化机制。研究结果表明，马氏体板条内和板条间开始析出合金碳化物Ｍ２Ｃ的初始回火温度为４００℃左右；４４０℃温度回火钢的二次硬化行为是由于合金碳化物Ｍ２Ｃ对尚未回复和再结晶的位错型马氏体板条弥散强化的结果；６５０℃过时效后在钢的回火组织中还发现了一种正交结构的碳化物相，其点阵常数α＝０．４４８ｎｍ，ｂ＝     

塑料模具顶杆用钢65MnV强韧性本质的探讨

研究了６５ＭｎＶ钢在淬火和回火条件下的微观结构以及其力学性能随回火温度的变化。结果表明，６５ＭｎＶ钢经８４０℃淬火、１８０￣２２０℃回火可获得高的强韧性；并且钢中含有０．１％、直径为１０￣５０ｎｍ弥散分布的ＶＣ颗粒，奥氏体晶粒平均直径为７．０μｍ，钢的淬火组织为位错型板条马工体和分布其间的薄膜状残余奥氏体；低于２２０℃回火时，钢中只板出２￣１５ｎｍ粗细、长度为３０￣１４０ｎｍ均匀分布的须状ε碳化物     

15Cr2Ni10MoCo14钢奥氏体晶粒长大和高温氧化动力学

１５Ｃｒ２Ｎｉ１０ＭｏＣｏ１４钢的抗氧化性能在低温区（＜１０００℃）具有比高温区（＞１０５０℃）明显优异的特征。在９００～１０００℃和１０５０～１３００℃的不同温度范围内，晶界迁移率分别为ｖ＝６．２６×１０６ｅｘｐ（－１．５６×１０４／Ｔ）和ｖ＝２．０７４×１０６ｅｘｐ（－１．１８×１０４／Ｔ）。     

2-(1,3,4-三氮唑偶氮)-5-二乙氨基酚的合成及其与钴显色反应的研究

合成了新显色剂２－（１，３，４－三氮唑偶氮）－５－二乙氨基酚（ＴＺＡＰＮ），分子式Ｃ１２Ｈ１６　Ｎ６Ｏ，分子量２６０．３１，熔点２０６℃，各级酸离解常数ｐＫａ１＝７．４，ｐＫａ２＝９．９，并研究了它的性质及其与钴显色反应的条件。在ｐＨ７的ＮＨ４Ａｃ介质中，试剂与钴形成络合比Ｃｏ２＋：Ｒ＝１：３的紫红色络合物，此络合物不被强酸分解，其它金属离子与试剂形成的有色络合物能被强酸分解．试剂的λmax＝４３０ｎｍ，钴络合物的λmax＝５４０ｎｍ，Δλ＝１１０ｎｍ，摩尔吸光系数ε＝６．２３×１０4，Ｃｏ２＋在０～０．４ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内遵守比尔定律，所拟方法具有较高的灵敏度与选择性，并直接测定了维生素Ｂ１２、某些合金中痕量钴，回收率为９９．７％～１００．３％，ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝６）为２．０％～２．４％，结果满意．     

推土机几种铲刃钢耐磨性能研究

根据国内资源及使用要求．研制了３１Ｓｉ２ＣｒＭｏＢ及４０ＳｉＭｎＴｉ钢。并对３１Ｓｉ２ＣｒＭｏＢ、４０ＳｉＭｎＴｉ及６５Ｍｎ三种材料的耐磨性能，进行了装车对比试验。结果表明，由于采用“三同步”原则，保证了耐磨性能数据的可靠性、真实性及数据的完整性；４０ＳｉＭｎＴｉ钢由于钢中存在ＴｉＣ质点，因而耐磨性很高，比６５Ｍｎ钢高２４．３％～２６．１％，但材料的冲击性、塑性差；３１Ｓｉ２ＣｒＭｏＢ钢由于韧性、塑性好，抗回火软化性能好，耐磨性能比６５Ｍｎ钢提高２６．１％，该钢适用于大功率推土机；６５Ｍｎ钢合金含量少，成本低，适用于小功率推土机。     

新试剂莰烯基荧光酮的合成及其光度法测定合金钢中钼含量的研究

介绍了新试剂莰烯基荧光酮（２，３，７－三羟基－９－茨烯基－６－荧光酮即ＣＡＦ０的合成方法，研究了Ｍｏ（Ⅵ）与表面活性剂ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００与新试剂ＣＡＦ形成的三元络合物显色体系及合金钢中Ｍｏ的测定，其显色酸度ｐＨ２－３，ε５３６ｎｍ＝８．５Ν１０＾４ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１ｃｍ＾－１。Ｍｏ（Ⅵ）浓度在０－１５μｇ／２５ｍｌ范围内符合比耳定律。方法简单，快速，灵敏度，准确度较好，用标准钢样试验较满意。     

1Cr12Mo钢碳化物相分析

本文采用了物理化学相分析的方法研究比较了１Ｃｒ１２Ｍｏ钢在不同淬火介质，不同回火温度的热处理制度下，析出相的类型、数量、组成和颗粒度。１Ｃｒ１２Ｍｏ钢在试验的热处理制度后均析出Ｍ２３Ｃ６型碳化物，数量基本相同，分子组成相同，颗粒度不同。淬火温度相同，介质为空冷比油冷的碳化物颗粒度小。淬火温度、介质及回火介质相同，回火温度低的碳化物颗粒度小。     

回火温度对0．2C－14Co－12Ni－3Cr－1Mo钢组织与性能的影响

在４３０℃回火，板条间存在的渗碳体使０．２Ｃ－１４Ｃｏ－１２Ｎｉ－３Ｃｒ－１Ｍｏ钢的冲击韧性和断裂韧性出现最低值。４５０℃回火导致了硬化峰（σ＿ｂ≈２１０５ＭＰａ），主要是细小共格析出的碳化物所致。最佳的性能配合为拉森－米勒参数（ＬＭＰ）等于２８０００～２８３００时的回火温度。对应的回火温度为４８２℃。     

Y(C_(16)H_(16)N_2O_2)(NO_3)_3(CH_3SOCH_3)的合成和晶体结构

合成了硝酸钇（Ⅲ）与双希夫碱Ｎ，Ｎ′－二亚水杨基乙二胺、二甲基亚砜的配合物〔Ｙ（Ｃ６Ｈ４ＯＨＣＨＮＣ２Ｈ４ＮＣＨＣ６Ｈ４ＯＨ）（ＮＯ３）３（ＣＨ３ＳＯＣＨ３）〕。ｘ—射线单晶结构分析表明该晶体属单斜晶系、空间群为Ｐ２１／ｎ，ａ＝０．９６３１（２）ｎｍ，ｂ＝１．６４１４（５）ｎｍ，ｃ＝１．６２０９（３）ｎｍ，β＝１０２．９８（２）°，Ｚ＝４，Ｄｘ＝１．６５３Ｍｇ·ｍ－３。Ｙ（Ⅲ）配位数为９，配位几何为畸变的单帽四方反棱柱，所有的配位原子均为氧原子，分别来自三个硝酸根，一个二甲基亚砜和二个双希夫碱，中心离子被双希夫碱桥联，组成一维无限长链。     

AC-HVAF喷涂Ni60/WC复合涂层微观组织及冲刷磨损性能研究

利用先进的AC-HAVF喷涂技术在0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢上制备了Ni60/WC复合涂层。研究了其微观组织及耐磨性能。试验结果表明:涂层主要由Fe-Ni固溶体以及Cr0.19Fe0.7Ni0.11、WC、M6C(Ni2W4C或Fe3W3C)、Cr26C3、CrB2等相组成,未发现W2C以及W相;涂层与基体结合很好,涂层的孔隙率约2.5%;WC、M6C(Ni2W4C或Fe3W3C)、Cr26C3、CrB2硬质相弥散分布于涂层中,部分区域硬质相达到了200~800 nm;涂层具有优异的耐冲蚀磨损性能,其耐磨性较基体有很大的提高。涂层应用于水轮机叶片的修复,三个月汛期使用后涂层良好。     

Precipitation of nanoscale carbides in Ti- Mo microalloyed steel during tempering process

The distribution, morphology and size of the carbide precipitates in as- rolled and as- tempered Ti- Mo microalloyed steels were elucidated by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The change in nanoscale precipitate during tempering and its effect on strength of test steel were analyzed by tensile test. The results revealed that substantial improvement in yield strength occurred on tempering at 600?? for 2 h because of the supersaturated precipitation and homogeneous distribution of profuse (Ti, Mo)C carbide in the matrix in average size from 5-6nm except interphase precipitation, and the precipitation volume fraction of the sample tempered at 600?? exhibited an approximate 3%-5% increase compared to the samples tempered at 650 and 700??. With increase in tempering temperature and holding time, the interphase- precipitated carbides were observed to have slightly coarsened to a maximum size of less than 8nm, but did not coarsen as much as the supersaturated carbides formed during tempering. The interphase precipitation exhibits more excellent behavior of thermal stability than supersaturated precipitation during tempering process.     

CSP生产的微钛低碳高强度钢中的纳米级析出物

对CSP生产的低碳微钛高强度钢进行了化学相分析和高分辨率透射电镜的观察.发现钢中纳米级M3C型颗粒的数量要比MC型颗粒多2个数量级,其中＜18 nm的M3C有0.024%,而＜18 nm的MC只有0.000 9%.高分辨率电镜观察的结果表明,纳米级析出物主要有3类,第1类主要含Ti、Fe、C、O、N,第2类含Fe、C、O,第3类只含Fe、O.     

Potentiostatic Etching and Etching Quantitative Analysis of Carbidesin Die Steel

ＰｏｔｅｎｔｉｏｓｔａｔｉｃＥｔｃｈｉｎｇａｎｄＥｔｃｈｉｎｇＱｕａｎｔｉｔａｔｉｖｅＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆＣａｒｂｉｄｅｓｉｎＤｉｅＳｔｅｅｌＭＡＸｉａｎｇ，ＬＵＯＳｕＪｕａｎＰｏｔｅｎｔｉｏｓｔａｔｉｃＥｔｃｈｉｎｇａｎｄＥｔｃｈｉｎｇＱｕａｎｔｉ...     

Effect of titanium and rare earth microalloying on microsegregation,eutectic carbides of M2 high speed steel during ESR process

The effects of RE and Ti microalloying during electroslag remelting(ESR) process on the microsegregation and morphology of eutectic M_2C carbides in M2 high speed steel were investigated.The results show that the addition of 0.2 wt% RE can alleviate the segregation of C,W,Mo,V and Cr,while the morphology of eutectic M_2C carbides hardly changes.The microalloying with the addition of 0.5 wt% Ti has the lowest degree of microsegregation due to the improvement of primary dendrites by the effective heterogeneous nucleating agent of(Ti,V)(C,N) particles.The addition of Ti makes the mo rphology of M_2C carbides change from rod-like or maze-like shape into a coarse feathery shape,exhibiting anisotropic facet growth characteristics.For the microalloying of 0.2 wt% RE and 0.5 wt% Ti,the segregation of the main metal alloying elements is slightly more severe than that of the addition of only RE or Ti.Under the combined action of RE and Ti,the feathery eutectic M_2C becomes thinner and shorter and tends to be isolated or distributed in a discontinuous network.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and crystal structure study of two novel 3-D mellitates {Nd2[C6(COO)6](H2O)6} and {Ho2[C6(COO)6](H2O)6}

Two novel 3-D coordination compounds, Nd2[C6(COO)6](H2O)6(1)and Ho2[C6(COO)6](H2O)6(2), were hydrothermally synthe-sized from mellitic acid and neodymium perchlorate (or holmium perchlorate) in the alkaline aqueous solution and characterized with ele-mental analysis, TG, IR spectrum, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The two compounds were isostructural and crystallized in the ortho-rhombic system, space group Pnnm, with a=1.3531 (4) nm, b=0.6687 (2) nm, c=1.0224(3) nm, V=0.92523(5) nm3, Z=4, D=2.630 g/cm3, F(000)=696.0, Goof=1.052. Final R indices [I 2Σ(I)]: R1=0.0195, wR2=0.0382 for 1; a=1.3411(2) nm, b=0.6586(1) nm, c=1.0116(2) nm, V=0.8935(3) nm3, Z=4, D=2.877 g/cm3, F(000)=724.0, Goof=1.061. Final R indices [I 2Σ(I)]: R1=0.0200, wR2=0.0479 for 2. In the two compounds 1 and 2, the mellitic acid ligand, in which all the carboxylate groups were deprotonated, had only one kind of coordination mode to bridge metal ions to form four-connected three-dimensional diamondiod networks.     

Analytical electron microscopy of grain boundaries in high-strength steels

Phosphorus could be detected at prior austenite grain boundaries (PAGB) in high-strength alloy steels quenched and tempered at 500°C when using a VG's HB 501 dedicated field emission STEM but not with a conventional JEOL 4000FX STEM. No phosphorus was detected at PAGB's in the as-quenched materials or away from PAGB's in tempered materials of either type. The grain boundary coverage of phosphorus was, assuming a specimen thickness of 80 nm, 0.7 monolayers for the 3.5NiCrMoV rotor steel and 0.4 monolayers for the AISI 4340 steel. The grain boundary concentration of phosphorus, assuming a specimen thickness of 80 nm and a segregated layer thickness of 1 nm, for the 3.5NiCrMoV rotor steel was 6 wt% and for AISI 4340 4 wt%. Compared to the bulk concentration of about 0.01 wt% this means that the enrichment factor of P to the grain boundaries was several hundred times (610 respectively 370). Our measurements showed no correlation between the stress corrosion crack growth rate and the grain boundary phosphorus concentration. The yield strength, however, decreased after tempering while the phosphorus concentration at the grain boundaries increased.     

调质前后Cr5锻钢支承辊碳化物

 运用SEM和TEM研究了Cr5锻钢支承辊调质处理(970 ℃淬火＋540 ℃回火)对碳化物形貌和类型的影响,并通过热力学理论计算了该工艺下的碳化物形成及其转变过程中的[ΔH]和[ΔG]。结果表明：调质处理前,基体组织为珠光体,碳化物尺寸约为700～800 nm,复杂六方点阵的M7C3和复杂立方的M23C6分别与α-Fe具有([1120])K//([011])α、[0001]K//[011]α和(511)K//([011])α、[[116]]K//[[011]]α晶体学位向关系;调质处理后,基体组织为回火索氏体、少量回火马氏体,并伴有未溶碳化物,碳化物尺寸明显减小,约为200 nm,其类型转变为正交点阵的M7C3碳化物,与α-Fe晶体学位向关系为([113])K//(200)α、[[512]]K//[[011]]α;此外,该工艺下碳化物生成和转变的[ΔH]和[ΔG]计算值均小于零。     

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The influence of hydrogen on very high cycle fatigue properties of high strength steels 42CrMoVNb was investigated by means of pre-charging hydrogen, a thermal desorption spectrometry (TDS) analysis and ultra-sonic fatigue test. The results show that in contrast with the tempered specimens of 500??, a large amount of (V,X)C precipitates, which are less than 18nm and maintaining coherent relationship with matrix form in the tempered specimens of 600??. The diffusion and distribution of hydrogen in specimens is affected by (V,X)C precipitates obviously, and the negative influence of hydrogen on very high cycle fatigue properties of high strength steels is reduced by using the hydrogen trapping technology of (V,X)C precipitates.     

Structure formation in grade 20 steel during equal-channel angular pressing and subsequent heating

The structure formation and the mechanical properties of quenched and tempered grade 20 steel after equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) at various true strains and 400°C are studied. Electron microscopy analysis after ECAP shows a partially submicrocrystalline and partially subgrain structure with a structural element size of 340–375 nm. The structural element size depends on the region in which the elements are formed (polyhedral ferrite, needle-shaped ferrite, tempered martensite, and pearlite). Heating of the steel after ECAP at 400 and 450°C increases the fraction of high-angle boundaries and the structural ferrite element size to 360–450 nm. The fragmentation and spheroidization of cementite lamellae of pearlite and subgrain coalescence in the regions of needle-shaped ferrite and tempered martensite take place at a high ECAP true strain and heating temperature. Structural refinement ensures considerable strengthening, namely, UTS 742–871 MPa at EL 11–15.3%. The strength slightly increases, whereas the plasticity slightly decreases when the true strain increases during ECAP. After ECAP and heating, the strength and plastic properties of the grade 20 steel remain almost the same.