磷石膏废石胶结充填体强度特性正交试验研究

基于正交试验法设计了磷石膏废石胶结充填体强度测试方案,对9组不同配比、不同浓度、不同组合方式的废石胶结充填体进行了28 d龄期的单轴抗压试验。通过对试验结果的直观分析和方差分析,发现黄磷渣对磷石膏废石胶结充填体抗压强度起决定性作用,料浆浓度是影响抗压强度的显著因素,废石质量比例和废石与料浆的排列方式是影响抗压强度的非显著性因素,废石与料浆的排列方式会一定程度的影响充填体的破坏模式。废石胶结充填体强度试验结果进一步验证了矿山采用磷石膏废石胶结充填方案的合理性和可行性。     

高寒地区废石破碎胶结充填体强度特性试验研究与工业应用

 胶结充填技术逐渐应用于低温高寒资源开发中,同时会产生充填体强度过低、塌方、冒落等一系列难题。以某金矿寒区开采为背景,通过试验对比,综合研究养护温度、水泥掺入量及料浆浓度对充填体性能的影响。在实现自流输送前提下,确定合理的废石破碎胶结充填配合比及养护温度。结果表明：与铁矿尾砂充填相比,采用废石破碎胶结充填具有明显优势,料浆浓度可以达到75%;低温阻碍了水泥水化反应的进行,养护温度越高,单轴抗压强度越大,提高养护温度有利于充填体强度的提升;养护温度对充填体早期强度影响较大,后期相对较小。提出废石破碎胶结充填拌合水预加热方案,并进行现场工业试验,为寒区矿山废石充填提供理论基础和技术参考。     

聚丙烯纤维加筋固化尾砂强度及变形特性

针对胶结充填体脆性强、易开裂等问题,以聚丙烯纤维为加筋材料,通过设置水泥与尾砂质量比为1∶10和1∶20,纤维掺量为0、0.05%、0.15%和0.25%的充填体进行无侧限抗压强度试验,探究纤维掺量对胶结充填体强度及变形特性的影响,借助扫描电镜(SEM),从微观角度探讨纤维对充填体力学性质的作用机制.研究结果表明:充填料浆的屈服应力随纤维掺量增加呈线性增大,其流态模型符合Bingham流体;随着纤维掺量的增加,充填体的无侧限抗压强度呈先增大后减小趋势,纤维最优掺量为0.15%;掺入纤维有效地减缓了裂纹的扩展,约束了充填体的变形,充填体的峰后应变软化延长,残余强度增大,破坏特征由脆性向延性转变;纤维的加固效果主要受纤维与尾砂-水泥基体界面之间的黏结与摩擦作用控制.     

水泥粉质黄黏土的工程特性探讨

水泥粉质黄黏土(以下简称水泥黄土)的强度随着水泥掺入比增大而增加,但在掺入比较小时,强度随掺入比增大而增加的幅度较大;在掺入比较大时,强度随掺入比增大而增加的幅度较小。当水泥掺入比较大时,水泥黄土的后期强度增长值得期待。侧压力在增大水泥黄土轴向抗压强度方面的贡献是比较小的。水泥的掺入比对水泥黄土的最优含水量及最大干密度影响不大;水泥黄土(尤其是掺入比较大)的水稳定性是比较好的。水泥黄土中生成了新的结晶物,所有影响水泥黄土中胶结物含量的因素都是影响水泥黄土强度的因素。从水泥黄土的应力应变关系看,水泥黄土存在一个临界水泥掺入比,从本次试验中看应该是12%左右;在此掺入比以上,从水泥黄土破坏应变(通常fε=1%~2%)和变形模量看,水泥黄土表现为一种脆性材料的特性。     

水泥改性炭质泥岩强度特性研究

为分析水泥对炭质泥岩力学强度的改性效果,通过室内试验研究了不同水泥掺量下炭质泥岩的应力-应变关系及无侧限抗压强度变化规律。结果表明:水泥改性炭质泥岩的应力随应变先快速增长,到达峰值后又迅速降低;随着水泥掺量的增加,炭质泥岩的峰值应力不断增大,且峰值应力对应的应变逐渐减小;改性炭质泥岩的无侧向抗压强度随水泥掺量的增加而不断增大。拟合得到改性炭质泥岩无侧限抗压强度与水泥掺量的数学关系式,可为炭质泥岩路堤稳定性分析提供参考。     

掺脱硫石膏砌筑砂浆配合比试验研究及设计方法

设计不同配合比脱硫石膏-水泥用量组成砂浆胶凝材料,通过加入外加剂改良砂浆性能,测定砂浆28 d抗压强度。研究结果表明,脱硫石膏掺量增加会降低砂浆保水性,砂浆强度随水泥用量增加呈线性增长,随脱硫石膏掺量增加呈线性降低。拟合出此砌筑砂浆的配合比计算公式。     

尾砂新型复合胶结材料实验研究

通过均匀设计测试新型复合胶结材料的充填体强度,并应用DPS数据处理和Matlab数学软件共同对强度和配方进行二次多项式非线性回归和约束非线性规划优化。实验结果表明:矿渣需要在碱性环境下加入适量硫酸盐才能激发其活性增加其胶结能力;矿渣含量对新型胶结材料强度起决定性作用,矿渣含量为76%～87%时强度能取得最优值;石灰和石膏复合激发剂对新型复合胶结充填体强度起到催化剂作用,在其含量为13%～24%时充填体强度能明显提高;新型复合胶结充填体强度是水泥充填体强度的6～8倍,具有很大优势;通过软件分别建立3,7和28 d强度与新型复合胶结材料配方的回归公式,并得出3,7和28 d最优新型复合胶结材料配方和最大抗压强度值。     

早期受载对矸石胶结充填体力学特性及损伤破坏的影响

为研究早期受载对矸石胶结充填体后期力学特性的影响,将养护7 d的试样进行4种应力水平加载,并持载28 d后,卸载进行单轴压缩试验,监测持载过程中充填体中超声波波速变化及单轴压缩过程中声发射响应特征,采用扫描电镜观测试样微观形貌。结果表明:早期受载对充填体力学特性影响显著,当早期承受应力水平小于80%时,荷载对矸石胶结充填体抗压强度和弹性模量均具有明显的强化效应,随着早期应力水平的增大,横向应变及泊松比整体呈指数型增长趋势,试样破坏形式由剪切破坏逐渐转变为劈裂破坏。持载过程中超声波波速呈明显的阶段性特征,早期承受高应力水平的充填体在单轴压缩过程中声发射活跃程度下降。早期荷载作用促进水泥水化反应,有助于充填体强度的提高。根据试验结果建立早期受载矸石胶结充填体在单轴压缩过程中的损伤演化模型,可以为充填体在结构充填中的设计提供依据。     

不同温度养护后胶结充填体三轴卸围压力学特性试验研究EI北大核心CSCD

为研究胶结充填体在煤矿深部的高地温环境下发生卸荷的力学特性,采用RTX–4000型岩石动态三轴仪,对不同温度(20℃,35℃和50℃)养护后的胶结充填体进行不同初始卸荷围压下的常规三轴卸围压试验,得到胶结充填体三轴卸荷全过程的偏应力–应变曲线,分析其变形、破坏特征及强度准则。研究结果表明:50℃养护后的胶结充填体内部产生的有害热应力易使胶结充填体卸荷的应力–应变曲线在峰后阶段出现微破裂现象,进而使得变形模量在随围压卸载的过程中也出现突降和逆向增长。胶结充填体卸荷破坏形式主要为局部张拉裂纹、剪切裂纹以及由热损伤和力学损伤共同造成的错位裂纹。Mogi-Coulomb强度准则能更好地表征胶结充填体在增轴压卸围压条件下的卸荷破坏强度特征;随养护温度的升高,胶结充填体的黏聚力先减小后增大,内摩擦角先增大后减小,黏聚力的变化同卸荷峰值强度的变化规律一致,黏聚力越大,卸荷峰值强度越高,表明黏聚力为影响胶结充填体卸荷峰值强度的主要因素。     

石灰-粉煤灰-煤矸石混合料强度和水泥改性后抗冻性能试验北大核心

为研究石灰-粉煤灰(二灰)-煤矸石混合料在公路基层及底基层的适用性,在对煤矸石化学成分、颗粒级配和耐久性试验研究的基础上,设计8组混合料配合比,测试了每组配合比下试件的无侧限抗压强度,试验结果表明:8组配合比均满足规范中公路基层及底基层对强度的要求,并且当煤矸石粒径为5~10 mm+10~25 mm,石灰、粉煤灰、煤矸石含量分别为10%、15%、75%时,其无侧限抗压强度最大。在此配合比的基础上,通过对掺入水泥改性混合料试件的质量损失率、强度损失以及抗冻系数的抗冻融试验表明,水泥可有效改善二灰煤矸石混合料的7 d无侧限抗压强度以及抗冻性,并且随着水泥掺量的增加,改善效果越明显。当水泥掺量为4%时,二灰煤矸石混合料的强度和抗冻性都能满足规范要求。     

The use of artificial neural networks to predict the effect of sulphate attack on the strength of cemented paste backfill

The growing use of cemented paste backfill (CPB) as a ground support method in mining and also as an environmentally friendly alternative for mine waste disposal demands a better understanding of the different processes that affect its strength. Due to its nature as cement based material, CPB is prone to the progressive loss of strength with sulphate attacks under certain conditions. The paper provides a background to sulphate attacks in CPB and artificial neural networks (ANN) and presents a model to predict the unconfined compressive strength of a CPB under sulphate attack, based on different water cement ratios, binder composition and binder content.     

充填体与岩体三维能量耗损规律及合理匹配

 根据灰砂配比为1∶4,1∶8,1∶10和1∶12的4种胶结充填体力学试验结果,揭示不同配比充填体三维损伤耗能规律。针对矿床开采岩体应力转移并释放能量特征,探索矿床开采过程中岩体三维能量释放规律。研究结果表明,矿体埋藏越深,开挖岩体释放能量越高;岩体弹性模量越高或泊松比越低,岩体释放能量越小。根据充填体与岩体耦合作用的三维能量耗损特征,探讨充填体与岩体的合理匹配,并用该匹配模型验证安庆铜矿采用最低充填配比1∶12开采矿石是可行的。研究发现,充填体与岩体的匹配系数K和三维原岩应力、岩体及充填体力学参数相关,不同开采技术条件必须设计合适的充填体抗压强度才能实现与岩体匹配。     

Fibre-reinforced cemented soils compressive and tensile strength assessment as a function of filament length

This study aims to develop a dosage methodology based on tensile and compressive strength for artificially cemented fibre reinforced soils considering filament length. The controlling parameters evaluated were the fibre length (l), the cement content (C), the porosity (η) and the porosity/cement ratio (η/C_iv). A number of unconfined compression and split tensile tests were carried out in the present work. The results show that fibre insertion in the cemented soil, for the whole range of cement content studied, and the increase of reinforcement length improve unconfined compressive and split tensile strengths. It was shown that the porosity/cement ratio, in which volumetric cementitious material content is adjusted by an exponent (0.28 for all the fibre-reinforced and non-reinforced cemented soil mixtures) to end in unique correlations for each mixture, is a good parameter in the evaluation of the unconfined compressive and split tensile strength of the fibre-reinforced and non-reinforced cemented soil studied. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) performed on the results of a factorial experiment considering the effect of adjusted cement content, fibre length and porosity showed that all of these factors are significant in affecting the measured changes in split tensile and unconfined compressive strength values. Finally, unique dosage relationships could be achieved linking the unconfined compressive strength (q_u) and the split tensile strength (q_t) of the sandy soil studied with porosity/cement ratio (η/C_iv) and fibre length (l).     

建筑垃圾细料生产流动化回填材料的性能

以灰砂比0.03、0.05和0.08,粉砂比0、0.05、0.1、0.15和0.2为设计参数,对建筑垃圾回填材料进行设计。通过试验对回填材料的流动性(流动度、泌水率)、无侧限抗压强度以及应力应变曲线、本构关系模型和弹性模量等进行研究。研究结果表明:回填材料的流动度受水固比影响较大,两者接近线性关系;流动度在200~250mm范围,泌水率在4%~8%之间;回填材料抗压强度与灰砂比和水固比之间存在很好的幂指数关系;回填材料应力应变曲线形状与普通混凝土的相似,在此基础上提出回填材料的本构关系模型;回填材料无侧限抗压强度与弹性模量之间存在很好的指数关系。     

Direct shear tests on cemented paste backfill-rock wall and cemented paste backfill-backfill interfaces

This paper presents the results of the shear strength(frictional strength) of cemented paste backfillcemented paste backfill(CPB-CPB) and cemented paste backfillerock wall(CPB-rock) interfaces. The frictional behaviors of these interfaces were assessed for the short-term curing times(3 d and 7 d) using a direct shear apparatus RDS-200 from GCTS(Geotechnical Consulting & Testing Systems). The shear(friction) tests were performed at three different constant normal stress levels on flat and smooth interfaces. These tests aimed at understanding the mobilized shear strength at the CPB-rock and CPB-CPB interfaces during and/or after open stope filling(no exposed face). The applied normal stress levels were varied in a range corresponding to the usually measured in-situ horizontal pressures(longitudinal or transverse) developed within paste-filled stopes(uniaxial compressive strength, s c 150 k Pa). Results show that the mobilized shear strength is higher at the CPB-CPB interface than that at the CPB-rock interface. Also, the perfect elastoplastic behaviors observed for the CPB-rock interfaces were not observed for the CPB-CPB interfaces with low cement content which exhibits a strain-hardening behavior. These results are useful to estimate or validate numerical model for pressures determination in cemented backfill stope at short term. The tests were performed on real backfill and granite. The results may help understanding the mechanical behavior of the cemented paste backfill in general and, in particular, analyzing the shear strength at backfillebackfill and backfill-rock interfaces.     

Evaluation of controlled low strength materials containing industrial by-products

A controlled low strength material (CLSM) is a self-compacted, cementitious material used primarily as a backfill. It is also known as a flowable fill which is usually a mixture of fine aggregates, small amount of cement, fly ash, and water. To be classified as a CLSM, the mixture must have a compressive strength between 345 and 8400 kPa. This paper evaluates the potential use of cement by-pass dust, incinerator ash and copper slag as a CLSM. Mixtures were designed to produce a CLSM, with a low compressive strength (less than 1034 kPa), that can be excavated without using any mechanical equipment. Slump, unit weight and unconfined compressive strength tests were conducted on various mixtures. Cubical and cylindrical specimens were prepared and cured at room temperature and in sealed plastic bags. Results indicate that with a good mix design it is possible to produce a CLSM with good mechanical properties to meet design requirements. Mixing these materials with cement and sand produced better results than using them alone due to their low pozzolanic activity. Curing method and period can have considerable effects on the strength of a CLSM.     

水泥土搅拌桩止水帷幕工程特性研究

水泥土搅拌桩作为基坑止水帷幕已经得到了广泛应用,为了更深入的理解作为止水帷幕的水泥土的工程特性,通过对不同水泥掺入量的水泥土无侧限抗压强度和渗透系数的室内试验研究,利用CBR-1承载比试验仪和TSS-2柔性壁三轴渗透仪对水泥土进行了无侧限抗压强度和渗透试验,分析了养护龄期及水泥掺入量对水泥土的无侧限抗压强度和渗透系数的影响。试验结果表明,水泥土的无侧限抗压强度随养护龄期和水泥掺入量的增大而增大,并通过曲线的拟合,得出了无侧限抗压强度的预测公式;渗透系数随养护龄期和水泥掺入量的增大而减少,通过数据对比得出28天之后水泥土渗透系数主要是受水泥掺入量的影响。     

矿渣粉煤灰及减水剂对混凝土抗压强度的影响

充分利用了矿渣和粉煤灰这些工业废渣及其活性特点进行试验。该试验所研究的混凝土强度等级为 C30,选用42.5强度等级的普通硅酸盐水泥,通过对8种方案进行试配,测试分析混凝土的性能和混凝土4个龄期的抗压强度,通过对各种配合比的矿渣粉煤灰混凝土各龄期抗压强度与基准混凝土同龄期抗压强度的对比分析,找出理想的矿渣粉煤灰混凝土的配合比。总结了每种方案中最佳配合比掺量。     

Unconfined compressive strength and ductility of fiber-reinforced cemented sand

A series of unconfined compression tests were performed on specimens of fiber-reinforced cemented sand (FRCS) to evaluate how fiber inclusion affects the measured strength and ductility characteristics of cemented sand. Lightly cemented sand with three different cement ratios (2, 4, and 6% by weight of soil) was mixed with four different fiber ratios (0, 0.3, 0.6, and 1% by weight of soil) and then compacted into a cylindrical specimen. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber, which adheres well to cement, was randomly distributed throughout the cemented sand. The test results indicate that the inclusion of PVA fiber has a significant effect on both the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and the axial strain at peak strength. The increase in the UCS was most apparent in the 2% cemented specimen wherein the UCS increased more than three times as the fiber ratio increased up to 1%. The ductile behavior of the FRCS is quantified by the deformability index, D, which is a ratio of the axial strain at peak strength of fiber-reinforced specimen to that of non-fiber-reinforced specimen. In the cases of 1% fiber ratio, the values of D were greater than four, regardless of cement ratios.     

Effect of fiber-reinforcement on the strength of cemented soils

This study aims to verify the differences in the strength of an artificially cemented sandy soil with and without fiber reinforcement. The controlling parameters evaluated were the amount of cement, porosity, moisture content, and voids/cement ratio. A series of unconfined compression tests and suction measures were carried out. The results show that fiber insertion in the cemented soil, for the whole range of cement studied, causes an increase in unconfined compression strength. The UCS increased linearly with the amount of cement and reduced with the increase in porosity (η) for both the fiber-reinforced and unreinforced specimens. A power function fits well as the relation between unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and porosity (η). Finally, it was shown that the voids/cement ratio is a good parameter in the evaluation of the unconfined compressive strength of the fiber-reinforced and unreinforced cemented soil studied.