盐藻工厂化养殖技术与产品开发(一)

盐藻是一种光能转化率高、生产繁殖快、适于养殖的单细胞藻.从养殖地域的选择、藻种的选育、培养介质、室外养殖设施、培养方式、培养条件的控制、敌害防治及采收等方面对盐藻的工厂化养殖技术做了全面介绍.在产品开发方面,介绍了盐藻粉的营养成分和氨基酸组成,介绍了盐藻粉软胶囊的三项功能试验结果,试验结果表明盐藻粉具有抗辐射、调节免疫和抑制肿瘤的作用;还对盐藻胡萝卜素的几种产品形式及营养评价做了简要介绍.最后,对盐藻工厂化养殖中存在的问题做了简要讨论,对盐藻胡萝卜素产业的发展前景做了展望.     

食用盐藻粉生产基地建成

由中盐制盐工程技术研究院承担的天津市“九五”重大科技攻关项目 ,对已知植物中含天然胡萝卜素最高的盐藻进行的开发 ,填补了国内空白。现在人们可以很方便地从盐藻粉中吃到身体所需的胡萝卜素。盐藻是一种营养丰富均衡 ,生长繁殖快的单细胞绿藻 ,其直径仅有 10 μｍ～ 15 μｍ ,但细胞内富含多种对人体有益的物质。盐藻可以利用广阔的沿海滩涂进行养殖 ,在对优良藻种加工制取后 ,盐藻粉中天然胡萝卜素的含量可达到 4 %以上。目前已建成年产 2ｔ的食用级盐藻粉生产基地 ,试生产的盐藻粉出口日本 ,并获得了国家专利及卫生部保健食品批号食用…     

盐藻养殖生产β—胡萝卜素新方式

本文介绍了盐藻养殖生产β─胡萝卜素的一种新方式──两阶段养殖盐藻生产β—胡萝卜素，并比较了此种方式与单阶段养殖方试的优缺点，使用此种方式可提高β—胡萝卜素产量50％     

盐藻胡萝卜素工业中的分析检测

本文简要介绍了盐藻胡萝卜素工业中必须监测的工艺参数，分析方法及应注意的问题。对盐藻胡萝卜素工业分析具有一定的参考价值。     

盐藻养殖生产β—胡萝卜素新方式

本文介绍了盐藻养殖生产β－胡萝卜素的一种新方式－－两阶段养殖盐藻生产β－胡萝卜素，并比较了此种方式与单阶段养殖方试的优缺点，使用此种方式可提高β－胡萝卜素产量５０％     

制盐母液养殖盐藻及气浮采收技术的研究

本文介绍了利用真空制盐排放母液养殖盐藻的方法及要求。根据盐藻生长的环境因子及其它因素，结合湖盐产区的环境气候等特点，提出用制盐母液以生产胡萝卜素为目的的野外大面积养殖盐藻的具体方案，并对盐藻气浮采收技术进行了综合论述。     

盐藻野外大面积养殖及其在吉兰泰和塘沽地区的应用

本文介绍了吉兰泰和塘沽地区盐藻野外大面积养殖的现状，并通过室内外实验及两地区的实际养殖工作，论述了以生产胡萝卜素为目的的盐藻大面积养殖和如何控制、协调各种环境因子，才能取得最佳的生产状态。     

盐藻胡卜素工业中的分析检测

本文简要介绍了盐藻胡萝卜素工业中必须监测的工艺参数，分析方法及应注意的问题，对盐藻有萝卜素工业分析具有一定的参考价值。     

盐藻β─胡萝卜素生物技术的概况及展望

本文比较了几种盐藻β─胡萝卜素的生产工艺及生产管理状况，提出了适合我国发展胡萝卜素产业的建议，介绍了盐藻β─胡萝卜素的市场及应用情况。     

室内养殖盐藻生产β-胡萝卜素的探讨

文章介绍了在室外养殖盐藻生产β-胡萝卡素.由于很大程度上受到季节的限制,从而进行了室内养殖盐藻生产β-胡萝卜素的探索.并提出因叶绿素的降解而不能再合成或合成缓慢,对β-胡萝卜素的积累是否有因果关系的问题.     

200t/d聚丙烯中空纤维膜法盐藻采收技术研究

文章通过聚丙烯中空纤维膜法采收盐藻所得的清液用于养殖盐藻,经过10 d的试验得到:清液养殖与原卤水养殖在细胞密度上没有明显差异;清液养殖盐藻体内的Pb和As的含量分别是卤水养殖的1/5和1/50;用膜法采收分离清液养殖盐藻的方法是可行的。     

基于专利分析的藻油DHA技术发展研究

藻油DHA作为新一代功能食品药物保健因子,正成为全球科研和产业关注的热点。以DHA领域的专利为研究对象,从菌种选育、发酵培养、收集提取、富集纯化、精制、改性及衍生化的角度,全面梳理了藻油DHA生产链专利技术的趋势和分布,识别了技术发展动向和技术空白点,发现DHA的生产技术向着提高DHA的纯度、稳定性、产量的方向发展,产品形式日益多样化,并向日常消费品方向扩展。剖析了国内外主要机构在华专利的技术特点,国外机构在华专利已覆盖藻油DHA生产的全链条和DHA的产品领域,而国内企业DHA专利申请的时间较晚且专利数量较少,主要集中于藻油DHA的生产技术和DHA在食品中的应用。最后,提出了工艺技术研发、专利战略布局、丰富产品形式方面的建议。     

Simulating consequences of choosing a breeding goal for organic dairy production

In Denmark, Finland, and Sweden, the Nordic Total Merit index is used as the breeding selection tool for both organic and conventional dairy farmers based on common economic models for conventional dairy farming. Organic farming is based on the principles of organic agriculture (POA) defined by the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements. These principles are not set up with an economic point of view, and therefore it may be questionable to use a breeding goal (BG) for organic dairy production based on economic models. In addition to economics and the principles of organic agriculture, it is important to look at farmers' preferences for improving BG traits when setting up a BG for organic farming. The aim of this research was to set up, simulate, and compare long-term effects of different BG for organic and conventional dairy production systems based on economic models, farmers' preferences, and POA, with particular emphasis on disease resistance or on roughage consumption and feed efficiency. The BG based on economic models and on farmers' preferences were taken from previous studies. The other BG were desired gains indices, set up by means of a questionnaire about relatedness between the POA and BG traits. Each BG was simulated in the stochastic simulation program ADAM. The BG based on POA, with particular emphasis on disease resistance or on roughage consumption and feed efficiency, caused favorable genetic gain in all 12 traits included in this study compared with 6 traits for the other BG. The BG based on POA, with particular emphasis on disease resistance or on roughage consumption and feed efficiency, were very different from BG for organic and conventional production based on economic models and farmers' preferences in both simulated genetic change and correlations between BG. The BG that was created based on the principles of organic agriculture could be used as a specific index for organic dairy farming in Denmark, but this index was economically not very sustainable. Hence, an intermediate breeding goal could be developed by breeding companies to address both economics and the principles of organic agriculture.     

藻席的聚矿和成矿作用

本文旨在人工培养藻席，观察垫层的形成过程、氧化层、隔离层和还原层的转变，和其对聚矿及成矿的影响。     

不同养殖模式下清远麻鸡的组织学评价标准研究

目的研究不同养殖模式下清远麻鸡的组织学评价标准。方法测定不同养殖模式下清远麻鸡肌肉的肌节长度、肌纤维直径、肌纤维密度、肌纤维面积比例、结缔组织面积比例和脂肪面积比例。结果不同养殖模式出产的清远麻鸡组织学性状差别较大,农户散养模式出产的清远麻鸡肌节最长、肌纤维直径最粗、肌纤维面积比最大,走地鸡养殖模式次之,笼养模式出产的清远麻鸡肌纤维直径最小、密度最大、结缔组织面积比和脂肪组织面积比最大。结论依据组织学特性对清远麻鸡的鸡肉品质进行了分级,初步制定了清远麻鸡组织学分级评价标准。     

我国水牛产业现状简析

我国水牛多为沼泽型,生长速度较慢,但耐粗饲,疾病少,易饲养,乳、肉生产用潜力较大.现阶段水牛多役用,近些年逐步向乳、肉两用发展.本文分析了我国水牛存栏量、养殖效益、品种及地区分布、屠宰性能等产业概况,并从遗传育种、肉用品质特征两方面介绍我国水牛产业研究现状,结合我国水牛产业存在的问题提出了相应的建议和措施.     

Edible insects – defining knowledge gaps in biological and ethical considerations of entomophagy

ABSTRACT

While seeking novel food sources to feed the increasing population of the globe, several alternatives have been discussed, including algae, fungi or in vitro meat. The increasingly propagated usage of farmed insects for human nutrition raises issues regarding food safety, consumer information and animal protection. In line with law, insects like any other animals must not be reared or manipulated in a way that inflicts unnecessary pain, distress or harm on them. Currently, there is a great need for research in the area of insect welfare, especially regarding species-specific needs, health, farming systems and humane methods of killing. Recent results from neurophysiological, neuroanatomical and behavioral sciences prompt caution when denying consciousness and therefore the likelihood of presence of pain and suffering or something closely related to it to insects. From an animal protection point of view, these issues should be satisfyingly solved before propagating and establishing intensive husbandry systems for insects as a new type of mini-livestock factory farming.     

Production and release of selenocyanate by different green freshwater algae in environmental and laboratory samples

In a previous study, selenocyanate was tentatively identified as a biotransformation product when green algae were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of selenate. In this follow-up study, we confirm conclusively the presence of selenocyanate in Chlorella vulgaris culture medium by electrospray mass spectrometry, based on selenium's known isotopic pattern. We also demonstrate that the observed phenomenon extends to other green algae (Chlorella kesslerii and Scenedesmus obliquus) and at least one species of blue-green algae (Synechococcus leopoliensis). Further laboratory experiments show that selenocyanate production by algae is enhanced by addition of nitrate, which appears to serve as a source of cyanide produced in the algae. Ultimately, this biotransformation process was confirmed in field experiments where trace amounts of selenocyanate (0.215 ± 0.010 ppb) were observed in a eutrophic, selenium-impacted river with massive algal blooms, which consisted of filamentous green algae (Cladophora genus) and blue-green algae (Anabaena genus). Selenocyanate abundance was low despite elevated selenium concentrations, apparently due to suppression of selenate uptake by sulfate, and insufficient nitrogen concentrations. Finally, trace levels of several other unidentified selenium-containing compounds were observed in these river water samples; preliminary suggestions for their identities include thioselenate and small organic Se species.     

Opportunities and challenges for the development of prawn farming with fish and rice in southeast Bangladesh: potential for food security and economic growth

Although prawn farming in rice fields is concentrated in the southwest of Bangladesh, the southeast region has been identified as a promising area for prawn culture, owing to favorable resources and agro-climatic conditions. To date, however, relatively few farmers in this area have adopted prawn culture. We examined the opportunities and constraints for the development of prawn farming with fish and rice in southeast Bangladesh. The prospects for prawn-carp polyculture and integrated prawn-fish-rice farming in southeast Bangladesh are positive but require institutional and organizational support, and technical assistance. We conclude that the sustainable development of prawn farming with fish and rice in southeast Bangladesh has considerable potential for increasing incomes and improving the food security of farming households, and more broadly the economic growth of the country through earnings from the export of prawns.