江苏省电网调度中心蓄冷空调设计

介绍了蓄冷空调系统设计中一些应予关注的问题，如合理配置蓄冰系统，使之能以预定的模式满足实际运行等；阐述了如何利用蓄冰空调的优势，对水系统作优化设计，真正实现蓄冷空调的大温差供回水，最大程度地节约空调运行成本。     

空调系统某些常见的问题分析

通过参加广州的几个空调系统调查和测试，对空调系统中某些常见的问题，进行分析总结，这些问题将会或已经造成空调系统故障的出现，或使空调的效率大幅降低，增加能耗，希望引起空调设计人员和运行管理人员的注意。     

某酒店空调系统一次泵变频改造实例分析

针对德宝饭店空调系统存在的一次泵故障率高、运行能耗高等具体问题，分析产生这些问题的原因，并对采取一次泵变频技术节能改造后的系统进行连续测试。测试结果表明，节能改造使得空调系统的运行效率明显提高，系统运行能耗降低。     

对空调系统中室内湿度问题的分析与研究

分析研究了在空调系统中采用和不采用除湿控制策略时对室内相对湿度的高限控制问题.在对湿度问题的分析过程中同时兼顾对空调运行冷热耗量的分析,以全面认识和评价不同除湿控制策略对空调系统运行表现的影响;所采用的方法是基于反应系数法的空调动态负荷计算方法并结合具体的空调系统运行模拟,是一个过程性研究方法,不同于一般的静态式分析方法,因而可以较全面客观地展现空调系统运行的实际过程.     

某高尔夫球俱乐部空调设计

概要介绍某高尔夫球俱乐部的空调设计，就其自身特点，着重介绍采用智能变频集中空调方式的客房空调设计，指出智能变频集中空调系统具有使用标准高，运行高效节能，便于维护管理等特点。总结了设计、施工的经验教训，对插卡控制电源等引起的问题进行了剖析。     

某乡村酒店客房空调选型设计

介绍了某乡村酒店空调设计,对客房空调系统提出了集中空调、多联空调、单元式空调三个方案,通过空调运行季节的运行费用及设备初投资进行15年本息合算的综合费用比较,显示单元式空调方案是初投资最少,综合费用最省的方案;对单元式空调方案存在外观问题的解决和优化设计;对真实能耗问题进行了剖析。指出空调系统的设计节能与否不仅需考虑设备标配的能效比,还要考虑系统的实际运行及使用情况,以达到设计成果实际节能及综合费用最省的目的。     

广东省制冷学会等将协举办“空调通风系统清洗岗位”职业培训

空调通风系统的运行管理和合理维护是至关重要的，据研究，合理地对空调通风系统进行清洗可节约能耗和运行费用超过12％。上海市节能办公室也在2004—2006年通过两年的实际对比证明，空调通风系统清洗可平均节约能耗和运行费用超过14％。因此对空调通风系统的清洗不仅能改善环境卫生，而且还能大大提高空调系统的运行效率。     

空调制冷系统承压部件的安规认证监管

根据空调制冷系统运行场地以及管理方面的特点，其接触制冷剂的承压部件如出现破裂，不但会损坏自身系统，还有可能对附近工作人员带来一定的安全风险。空调制冷系统的压力安全问题通常表现为承压部件出现破裂，进而导致空调功能异常。本文主要分析空调制冷系统承压部件的安规认证监管，以有效预防空调制冷系统承压部件失效。     

广州市某大型商场空调系统运行性能分析

对广州市某大型综合性商场空调运行性能进行了调查,全面分析了空调机组的运行工况,得出空调系统的负荷变化规律、能耗现状.结合分析结果,提出该商场空调存在的问题,并探讨了空调系统节能技术措施.     

如何提高实验室空调系统节能效率

空调系统的有效运行是为一线检测科室完成检定、校准、检测任务提供环境条件的重要保障。然而在实践中人们往往忽视空调系统在有效运行时最大限度地节约能源、减少浪费的问题，下面就如何提高空调系统节能效率问题进行探讨。     

老龄化债券在累积和分配阶段的固定缴款养老金中的作用（英）

近年来，老龄化风险在金融数学和金融工程领域引起了人们极大的关注．为了对冲老龄化风险，老龄化债券在金融市场上应运而生．为了研究老龄化债券是否能有效地对冲固定缴款养老金账户所面临的老龄化风险，本文分别对累积阶段和分配阶段的固定缴款养老金进行了随机最优管理问题的研究．在两个阶段中，最优控制的目标都是通过对金融市场上老龄化债券、零息票债券和无风险资产的投资来最大化终端财富值的期望效用．应用动态规划原理并通过解相应的 HJB 方程，本文分别得到了两个阶段的最优投资策略的显式表达．在合理的假设前提下，结果表明无论是在累积阶段还是在分配阶段，对老龄化债券的投资都有利于提高投资效果，并最终得到更高的财富值的期望效用．     

Some methodological deficiencies in studies on traffic accident predictors

The paper discusses some methodological problems in (psychological) research on traffic accident predictors and reviews a convenience sample of the literature. Three methodological aspects are identified as being important: reliability of accident predictors, time period for accidents used as dependent variable, and culpability for accidents. Papers are scrutinized and most are found to be wanting in these aspects. Traffic researchers do not adhere to, or hardly even discuss, these basic methodological problems. It is concluded that the current research into (psychological) accident predictors is fraught with methodological deficiencies. Why most studies seem to be deficient in these aspects is not clear, as several researchers have pointed out these problems.     

偏远岛礁就地供水保障模式分析

分析了偏远岛礁依靠大陆船运送水的远距离供水保障模式在复杂军事斗争环境和台风频发环境存在的主要问题,提出了能提高岛礁独立生存能力的淡水自给自足的保障模式,重点探讨了利用雨水收集和可再生能源发电制水这两种方式解决偏远岛礁就地供水保障问题的特点、互补性、具体方式和技术途径。研究表明,采用"珊瑚沙滩浅层暗湖雨水收集利用系统"和"光伏直接供能反渗透海水淡化系统"这两种具体的淡水就地保障模式具有很高的发展潜能,特别是其联合工作模式具有较强的互补性和可靠性,适合在偏远岛礁推广应用。     

A discussion of objective function representation methods in global optimization

Non-convex optimization can be found in several smart manufacturing systems. This paper presents a short review on global optimization (GO) methods. We examine decomposition techniques and classify GO problems on the basis of objective function representation and decomposition techniques. We then explain Kolmogorov’s superposition and its application in GO. Finally, we conclude the paper by exploring the importance of objective function representation in integrated artificial intelligence, optimization, and decision support systems in smart manufacturing and Industry 4.0.     

基于Benders分解的租赁车队规划

以汽车租赁业的日常车辆调配为背景,研究租赁车队的战术规划问题。将车辆调配情况抽象到时空网络结构中,并根据车辆需求的供应策略和时空节点的流量平衡得到约束条件,以企业运营成本最小为目标建立优化模型。针对模型特点采用Benders分解算法将原问题分解为两类子问题,给出对应的算法步骤。以一周为战术规划期设计算例,对模型和算法的有效性进行检验,结果表明能够为优化车队调配提供较好的辅助决策支持。     

Probabilistic assessments in relationship with safety integrity levels by using Fault Trees

In this article, we study the assessment of safety integrity levels of safety-instrumented system by means of Fault Trees. We focus on functions with a low demand rate. For these functions, the appropriate measure of performance is the so-called probability of failure on demand (PFD) or probability of not functioning on demand. In order to calculate accurately the average PFD as per IEC 61508 standard, we introduce distributions for periodically tested components into Fault Tree models. We point out the specific problems raised by the assessment of safety integrity levels (SILs), which restrict the use of the formulae proposed in the standard. Among these problems there is the fact that SIL should be assessed by considering the time-dependent behavior of the system unavailability in addition to its average value. We check, on a simple pressure protection system, the results obtained by means of the Fault Tree approach against those obtained by means of stochastic Petri nets with predicates.     

基于价值流及仿真分析对于回转支承生产线的改善

利用价值流对传统的机械加工厂进行分析,发现其物流混乱以及生产线平衡率较低等问题,利用精益生产的方法,制定改善方案。针对价值流只能静态短时间内反映生产情况,本文将价值流与Flexsim软件结合,以弥补价值流缺陷。与传统通过规划设计未来价值流不同,本文利用仿真软件确定价值流图各个工序之间的间隔时间以及超市容量。     

中国钽铌工业的进步与展望

文章简要地回顾了九○五厂钽铌工业发展历程，并与世界钽铌工业作了对比分析。以详实的资料和基础数据，清晰地描述了我国钽铌工业发展现状和技术发展历程及其在世界钽铌工业发展中所处的地位和竞争能力；充分阐明了我国稀有金属钽铌资源及其在冶炼、加工技术领域中所存在的问题和面临的形势。从国家安全角度及行业整体发展的高度，提出了对国内稀有金属钽铌行业进行重组整合和积极开发国外资源的可持续发展的战略构想。     

Enhancing the performance of the FETI method with preconditioning ¶techniques implemented on clusters of networked computers

 The FETI domain decomposition method for solving large-scale problems in computational structural mechanics involves the solution of an interface problem, which is handled by a Preconditioned Conjugate Projected Gradient (PCPG) algorithm. Two preconditioners are widely used to accelerate the convergence of the iterative PCPG algorithm: the optimal Dirichlet preconditioner and the economical lumped preconditioner. The Dirichlet preconditioner is computationally more efficient than the lumped preconditioner for ill-conditioned problems, but needs additional storage for the stiffness matrices of the subdomains' internal degrees of freedom (d.o.f.). In this study a new set of PCPG preconditioners is presented by providing approximate expressions to the inverse iteration matrix of the PCPG algorithm. The resulting approximate Dirichlet preconditioners are obtained by using instead of the whole stiffness matrix of the internal d.o.f. in each subdomain the following alternatives: a diagonal scaling matrix, a SSOR type matrix or an incomplete Cholesky factorization matrix. The computational behavior and performance of the proposed PCPG preconditioners is evaluated using an implementation of the FETI method on a cluster of ethernet-networked PCs running the message passing software PVM. It is demonstrated that the FETI method equipped with the approximate Dirichlet preconditioners leads for a number of large-scale problems to faster and less storage demanding overall solutions than with either Dirichlet or lumped preconditioner. Received: 28 December 2001 / Accepted: 22 August 2002     

Comparisons of two meshfree local point interpolation methods for structural analyses

 As truly meshless methods, the local point interpolation method (LPIM) and the local radial point interpolation method (LR-PIM), are based on the point interpolations and local weak forms integrated in a local domain of very simple shape. LPIM and LR-PIM are examined and compared with each other. They are also compared with the established FEM and the meshless local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) method. The numerical implementations of these two methods are discussed in detail. Parameters that influence the performance of them are detailedly studied. The convergence and efficiency of them are thoroughly investigated. LPIM and LR-PIM formulations are developed for structural analyses of 2-D elasto-dynamic problems and 1-D Timoshenko beam problems in the first time. It is found that LPIM and LR-PIM are very easy to implement, and very efficient obtaining numerical solutions to problems of computational mechanics. Received 31 August 2001 / Accepted 04 March 2002