混酸法制取高浓度富过磷酸钙工艺条件的试验研究

介绍采用硫酸、磷酸混合分解磷矿粉制高浓度富过磷酸钙〔w(P2 O5有效)～ 34%〕的试验过程 ,研究混酸用量、混酸浓度、混酸温度、磷酸替代率等工艺条件对磷矿分解率的影响 ,经正交试验 ,确定了制备的最佳工艺条件 :混酸w(H3 PO4+H2 SO4) 6 6 %～ 6 9% ,混酸温度 70～ 80℃ ,磷酸替代率 5 0 %～ 5 4 % ,混酸用量为理论酸用量的 93%～ 97%。并对影响料浆固化及成品质量的有关因素展开了讨论     

富过磷酸钙制造技术的研究

研究了分别用热法磷酸、湿法磷酸与硫酸组成的混酸，分解其磷矿制造富过磷酸钙时混酸用量，混酸浓度、磷酸代替量、陈化时间等工艺条件及其影响，对富过磷酸钙的制造工艺技术有一定的参考价值。     

富过磷酸钙料浆固化条件的实验室研究

采用二水物湿法稀磷酸与硫酸的混酸分解四川清平磷矿制取富过磷酸钙，研究了影响料浆固化的因素。结果指出，原料硫酸与磷酸的配比、混酸中氢离子浓度和含水量是影响富过磷酸钙固化的主要条件。得出用四川清平磷矿制取固化良好的富过磷酸钙的适宜条件范围     

高镁磷尾矿渣制取磷镁复合肥料的试验研究

采用正交试验设计方法组织实验，以确定磷、硫混酸制取磷镁复合肥料较优的工艺条件。研究结果表明，磷酸和硫酸的用量对混酸分解高镁尾矿渣的制取磷镁肥的影响比较显著，反应时间和反应温度影响较小。最佳工艺条件为：湿法磷酸用量95g，硫酸用量75g，反应时间30min，反应温度55℃，此时，MgO转化率为82．63％。     

重钙混化工艺条件的优化试验研究

研究了磷矿粉和磷酸混合化成制重过磷酸钙的工艺条件 ,得出了最优的工艺条件 ,即在试验用磷矿和磷酸的前提下 ,混化最优工艺条件为 :①磷酸质量分数 (P2 O5) 45 % ,酸温 80～ 90℃ ,②磷酸质量分数 (P2 O5) 46% ,酸温 80℃ ,③磷酸质量分数 (P2 O5) 48% ,酸温 60℃ ,三者磷酸过量系数均为 10 0 % ,可获得一级品以上的重钙和87.2 2 %～ 95 .46%的磷矿分解率。其中磷酸质量分数临界值为 46%。     

高硅高铁粉煤灰制备SiO2的工艺研究

以碳酸钠为活化剂活化粉煤灰,考察原料配方、焙烧条件(温度、时间)、酸浸条件(用量、浓度)、溶胶一凝胶条件(初始浓度、温度)对SiO2产率的影响.结果表明:(1)当m粉煤灰∶m碳酸钠≥1∶1.8或焙烧温度超过850℃时,样品发生烧结无法从坩埚中取出,面致酸浸分解率和SiO2产率为零;(2)粉煤灰在没有助剂条件下进行高温活化,酸浸分解率为24.13％,无SiO2产品;(3)盐酸浓度和溶胶-凝胶液的初始浓度对SiO2的产率基本无影响;(4)温度是影响溶胶-凝胶的显著因素;(5)最佳工艺条件为∶m粉煤灰∶m碳酸钠=1∶1.2、焙烧温度800℃、焙烧时间2h;凝胶-凝胶水浴温度94℃,SiO2的产率可达85.35％.     

湿法磷酸直接合成磷酸脲的工艺研究

研究以湿法磷酸为原料直接合成磷酸脲的工艺.通过正交实验,研究了磷酸浓度、反应温度、反应时间、物料配比、活化剂的用量等工艺条件对产品收率及纯度的影响.实验得出了湿法磷酸直接合成磷酸脲的最佳工艺条件:反应温度为75℃;反应时间为60 min:配料比[n(CO(NH2)2)∶n(H3PO4]=1.05∶1.     

加热对陕南低品位磷矿生产普通过磷酸钙的影响

为利用陕南低品位磷矿合成普通过磷酸钙,文章在确定酸用量的条件下,通过控制实验的反应温度、酸浓度对硫酸法和混酸法合成普钙的工艺进行优化探究。结果表明:以预处理矿样与60℃下预热的68%的硫酸为实验原料,实验条件为85℃的温度下加热40 min,在室温下进行熟化,通过此法合成普通过磷酸钙,为以后普钙的生产提供一定的依据。     

染料厂废酸制富过磷酸钙工艺研究

采用染料厂废酸和磷酸的混合酸分解磷矿石制备富过磷酸钙，研究了废酸制备富有磷酸钙生产过程中反应温度、酸用量、磷酸替代量和熟化时间等工艺参数对生产工艺过程的影响，并确定了适宜操作参数。     

利用萃余磷酸制取重过磷酸钙的工艺条件研究

利用湿法磷酸净化副产的萃余磷酸为原料分解磷矿,采用化成法制取重过磷酸钙（以下简称重钙）。实验中采用单因素法考察了磷酸浓度、反应温度、磷矿粉细度、磷酸含固量和酸矿比对磷矿分解率与重钙产品品质的影响,实验得出的最佳工艺条件为：磷酸质量分数≥43%,含固量（质量分数）≤8%,酸矿比［m（P2O5）酸/m（P2O5）矿］为2.6,反应温度为45～65 ℃,反应时间为2～3 min,将产物继续化成20～25 min,化成温度为80 ℃,然后进行熟化,熟化温度为55 ℃,熟化时间为8～14 d,在此工艺条件下重钙产品达到了一等品的标准。同时本研究还可以解决萃余磷酸的存放问题,使萃余磷酸得到了综合利用,具有较大的经济和社会效益。     

我国脂肪酸的生产和应用

简要介绍脂肪酸的分类、原料来源、生产工艺、品种以及用途。并对我国脂肪酸的生产现状进行了分析。重点介绍了脂肪酸在我国橡胶工业中、塑料助剂等领域的应用,脂肪酸甲酯作为表面活性剂在不同领域的广泛应用,最后还简述了癸二酸和改性醇酸树脂应用。     

酸液体系的研究现状分析和现场应用

酸化解堵与压裂改造相比,它具有施工相对简单和成本相对较低等特点,所以酸化解堵是一项各油田广泛使用的油气田增产技术。酸化解堵技术已有将近100历史,现已研制出具有不同特点的酸液体系,如乳化酸、泡沫酸、固体酸、多氢酸等,基本能满足复杂地质条件对酸液的要求。     

油酸的精制研究

油酸酰胺是一种很好的塑料添加剂 ,可用作塑料加工成型时的脱膜剂、润滑剂。油酸的原料来源很广 ,牛油、羊油、猪油等动物油油脂以及大豆油、花生油、棕榈油等植物油脂中都含有大量的油酸。由于油酸的来源和生产方法多种多样 ,因此其所含的脂肪酸种类及含量都不尽相同。除油酸外 ,还有亚油酸、亚麻酸等高不饱和脂肪酸。针对油酸中因含有大量的多不饱和组分如亚油酸、亚麻酸而容易产生氧化泛黄的问题 ,采取了尿素络合法对原料油酸进行精制 ,以减少原料中亚油酸、亚麻酸组分的含量。经气相色谱验证 ,产品达到了应用指标 ,提高了产品的抗氧性。     

磷钼杂多酸的合成研究

介绍了磷钼杂多酸的合成。通过正交试验探讨了反应物料量比、三氧化钼浓度、反应温度和反应时间对产物产率的影响。结果表明,最适宜的反应条件为:反应物量比n(三氧化钼)∶n(磷酸)=12∶1.0、反应温度t=70℃、反应时间7 h、三氧化钼与水的质量比1∶8。经红外光谱分析及熔点测定确定所得产品为磷钼杂多酸化合物。并以磷钼杂多酸取代硫酸作催化剂制备乙酸乙醋来研究其催化活性,并与硫酸做催化剂进行对比实验收率为70.75%,超过硫酸催化剂水平。     

The Growth‐Inhibiting Effects of Beef Fatty Acids on MCF‐7 Cells Are Influenced Mostly by the Depot Location and Inconsistently by the Biohydrogenation Intermediate Content

Biohydrogenation intermediates (BHI) including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers are formed during ruminal biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in ruminants. Although many studies have examined the anticarcinogenic effects of CLA, few studies have reported the anticarcinogenic properties of BHI in their natural form found in dairy and beef fats. The present study compared the growth‐inhibitory effects of fatty acids from beef perirenal fat (PRF) or subcutaneous fat (SCF) with low or high levels of BHI in MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells. Cells were exposed for 72 h to media containing increasing doses (50 to 400 μM) of different beef fat treatments. Fatty‐acid analysis showed that BHI were readily incorporated into cell phospholipids (PL) in a treatment‐dependent manner, but higher BHI in PL did not consistently inhibit growth. Culturing with low‐BHI PRF or high‐BHI PRF did not lead to growth inhibition, but low‐BHI SCF inhibited growth, and inhibition was further increased by high‐BHI SCF. Other classes of fatty acids may, therefore, be interacting with BHI resulting in differential effects on growth inhibition in human breast cancer cells.     

Fatty Acid Profiles in Sunflower Grains During Storage in Different Environments

This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acid profiles of sunflower oil extracted from hybrid grains produced and stored in different environments. The trials were conducted in Teresina (Piauí), Vilhena (Rondônia), and Jaguariúna (São Paulo) in randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. After harvesting, grains from 1 high oleic and 3 traditional hybrids were packed in kraft paper bags and stored in a covered shed and in a cold chamber up to 12 months. The fatty acid profiles were determined by gas chromatography after 0, 4, 8, and 12 months of storage. Analyses of variance were conducted in a split‐plot design, with hybrids being considered as whole plots and storage times as subplots. Tukey's test was performed to compare hybrids and regression analyses for storage times. The initial fatty acid profile of the grains of the same hybrid varied depending on the production location. The grain storage of high oleic and traditional sunflower hybrids during 12 months in covered shed and in cold chamber resulted in little changes in oil fatty acid profiles, regardless of the initial contents. These changes occurred only for linoleic and palmitic acids.     

质子酸催化合成α-氯代十二酸工艺研究

采用廉价的浓硫酸为催化剂,氧气为自由基捕集剂,以十二酸为原料,经氯化合成α-氯代十二酸。系统考察了反应温度、催化剂用量、氯气流量、氧氯比、反应时间等因素的影响,得到最佳工艺条件:十二酸20 g,在反应温度135℃、催化剂10%、氯气流量50 mL·min-1、vO2/vCl2=1∶2、反应时间3 h,可实现十二酸基本完全转化,目标产物α-氯代十二酸选择性达到94.5%。     

Fatty Acid Profiles of Oil Obtained from Mid-Oleic Sunflowers Grown in Tropical Region

This study aimed to verify whether the fatty acid profiles of mid-oleic genotypes grown in the tropical region of Brazil fit the Codex Alimentarius and to examine the possibility of using traditional inbred lines to produce high-oleic hybrids. For this purpose, we assessed the fatty acid profile of six mid-oleic hybrids grown in environments with different minimum temperatures during oil formation in the achenes. The tests were conducted between 2015 and 2017 in an experimentally randomized complete block design with four replications. The oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acid contents were determined using gas chromatography. The mid-oleic hybrids presented varying levels of fatty acids, with oleic acid ranging between 43.6% and 84.6%, linoleic acid between 8.5% and 45.6%, palmitic acid between 3.9% and 5.7%, and stearic acid between 2.2% and 6.2%. Some of the fatty acid values were outside the ranges established by the CODEX STAN 210-1999 and were characteristic of high-oleic type sunflowers. This finding shows that we can take advantage of the potential of combining traditional inbred lines to produce high-oleic hybrids for faster and more economical breeding programs in these environments.     

Quality of Sunflower Oil Obtained in the Main Producing Region of Brazil: Adherence to the Codex Alimentarius

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the oil extracted from sunflower achenes grown in Campo Novo de Parecis, the main producing region of Brazil, to optimize its use by the processing and food industries. In addition, the fatty acid profiles of the oil were checked for their adherence to the CODEX STAN 210–1999. Traditional and high-oleic genotypes were grown between 2014 and 2017 during trials with a randomized complete block experimental design with four replications. The contents of oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids were determined using gas chromatography. The fatty acid profiles of traditional genotypes were observed to be outside the ranges established by the CODEX, with an oleic acid content above 39.4% and linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acid values lower than 48.3%, 2.7%, and 5.0%, respectively, as well as high-oleic sunflower oil with a stearic acid content of less than 2.6%. The availability of this information can, on the one hand, positively impact industries and encourage the use of better quality raw materials that are more technologically and nutritionally adequate. On the other hand, the commercialization of sunflower oil with a fatty acid profile outside the ranges established by CODEX can be difficult, because the contents are out of specification due to the climatic conditions in the cropping region.     

热盐酸缓蚀抑雾剂

在实验室合成的一种咪唑啉类化合物与其它物质复配得到了一种适合于碳钢在高温盐酸中酸洗浸蚀的复合缓蚀抑雾剂。采用失重法和中和滴定法对其性能进行评定 ,实验结果表明 :该缓蚀抑雾剂在 2 0 %盐酸中 ,酸洗温度在常温至 85℃范围内缓蚀率达 90 %左右 ,抑雾率达 85%左右 ,并具有较好的综合性能