激光工艺参数对改善编织摩擦材料性能的研究

利用激光扫描编织摩擦材料能明显提高其摩擦性能。采用正交试验设计的方法优化激光工艺参数,以激光电流、扫描速度、离焦量和扫描轨迹为试验因素。试验结果表明,影响编织摩擦材料的摩擦性能最主要因素是温度,激光扫描编织摩擦材料的最佳试验参数:激光电流为13.5 A、扫描速度为700 mm/m in、离焦量为2 mm、扫描轨迹是间距为0.5 mm的矩形波。揭示了激光扫描后编织摩擦材料热衰退机理。     

热固性轮缘润滑材料摩擦学性能研究

为解决湿式轮缘润滑法承载能力差、污染环境等问题,以热固性树脂和润滑剂MoS_2为主要原料,采用模压方法制备2种热固性固体轮缘润滑材料;利用M-200型摩擦实验机考察其摩擦磨损性能,利用X-射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜等手段分析材料的物相成分、组织结构以及磨损后表面形貌和成分等,并分析材料的润滑和磨耗机制。结果表明:制备的2种热固性润滑材料中,含摩擦改性剂的1号润滑材料的力学性能优于不含摩擦改性剂的2号润滑材料,并且其在摩擦过程中形成了均匀连续的转移膜,因摩擦因数低而稳定,磨损率也较低。摩擦改性剂的加入促进了热固性树脂的固化以及润滑剂在热固性树脂中的分散,使得材料的力学性能更优;摩擦改性剂与润滑剂MoS_2起协同作用,促进了均匀转移膜的生成,进而提高了固体润滑材料承载力和耐磨性。     

模拟海洋环境下新型水润滑尾轴承材料摩擦性能

利用高密度聚乙烯与不同浓度愈创树脂混合制备系列新型水润滑尾轴承材料,在CBZ-1摩擦磨损试验机上考察其在模拟海洋环境下的摩擦性能,对比分析不同配比材料摩擦因数和磨损量以及磨损表面形貌的变化情况。结果表明,在高密度聚乙烯中加入适量的愈创树脂可很好地改善材料的自润滑性能,且随着愈创树脂含量的增加,材料的摩擦因数和磨损率先减小后增加,这是因为愈创树脂在摩擦过程中会因受热软化分泌出一定量的油脂,有助于摩擦副表面水膜的形成,从而提高材料的摩擦磨损性能;适量愈创树脂的加入可以有效降低材料的表面粗糙度,改善摩擦副的表面性能,从而提高材料的工作稳定性。     

模拟海洋环境下新型水润滑尾轴承材料摩擦性能研究

利用高密度聚乙烯与不同浓度愈创树脂混合制备系列新型水润滑尾轴承材料,在CBZ 1摩擦磨损试验机上考察其在模拟海洋环境下的摩擦性能,对比分析不同配比材料摩擦因数和磨损量以及磨损表面形貌的变化情况。结果表明,在高密度聚乙烯中加入适量的愈创树脂可很好地改善材料的自润滑性能,且随着愈创树脂含量的增加,材料的摩擦因数和磨损率先减小后增加,这是因为愈创树脂在摩擦过程中会因受热软化分泌出一定量的油脂,有助于摩擦副表面水膜的形成,从而提高材料的摩擦磨损性能;适量愈创树脂的加入可以有效降低材料的表面粗糙度,改善摩擦副的表面性能,从而提高材料的工作稳定性。     

坡缕石纳米/酚醛树脂的制备及其摩擦材料的性能

以自制备的纳米尺度的坡缕石原位合成了坡缕石纳米/桐油-酚醛复合树脂(P/TPF),分别用SETARAM TG-DSC92-16分析仪和TEM表征了P/TPF的耐热性和纳米粒子的分散状态,并对比分析了以P/TPF为基体的编织摩擦材料的摩擦学性能.结果表明P/TPF中的纳米粒子分散良好、树脂的耐热性获得提高,P/TPF摩擦材料的抗热衰和抗磨损能力明显改善,而摩擦因数略有下降.     

激光微造型表面固体润滑性能研究

采用声光调Q二极管泵浦固体光源(DPSS)Nd:YAG激光器,在45#钢试样表面进行表面微造型加工。以聚酰亚胺(PI)和二硫化钼(MoS2)复合固体润滑材料作为固体润滑剂,通过两步加温固化黏结工艺成功制备微造型固体润滑试样。在MMW-1A型摩擦磨损试验机上进行光滑无润滑试样、光滑表面固体润滑试样和微造型固体润滑试样的摩擦性能对比试验,以及微造型固体润滑试样在不同转速和压力下的摩擦性能试验。结果表明,在经过激光加工的微凹坑中填充复合固体润滑材料的试样,在摩擦过程中微凹坑中填充的固体润滑材料能有效转移到在摩擦表面,补充消耗掉的润滑材料,因而表现出更好的摩擦学性能。     

硼酸-桐油双改性酚醛树脂基制动带的摩擦性能研究

对编织型制动带的基体树脂进行热重分析,测试和研究制动带的力学性能、摩擦磨损性能及其在摩擦运行前后的表面形貌。结果表明,采用硼酸-桐油双改性酚醛树脂作为基体树脂,可改善编织制动带的黏接状况,提高制动带的柔韧性,使制动带的相关力学性能及摩擦状况得到明显改善;酚醛树脂的硼酸-桐油双改性可提高树脂的耐热性,有效减少制动带在高温工况下的热分解产物,使摩擦因数能在较宽的温度范围内维持较为理想的数值水平,降低制动带在中、高温下的磨损率,对改善编织型制动带的抗热衰退能力有显著效果。     

硼-桐油改性酚醛树脂对摩擦材料性能的影响

编织型制动带由于柔韧性好，抗拉强度高，广泛应用于各种起重运输机械的制动。随着非石棉化和交通运输机械向高速重载方向发展，传统由松香改性酚醛树脂制成的聚桐油脂以及其他粘接剂已不能满足高温下对于刹车的要求。其原因在于树脂中存在易氧化的酚羟基或亚甲基，使得树脂耐热性、柔韧和耐水性等使用性能差。本文就硼-桐油双改性酚醛树脂和其他几种树脂对摩擦材料的摩擦性能的影响进行了比较和分析。     

碳纤维增强树脂基摩擦材料的研究进展

碳纤维作为一种高性能的增强纤维,在先进摩擦材料增强体中占据十分重要的地位。基于此,综述了树脂基摩擦材料中碳纤维的表面处理方法、碳纤维以及碳纤维与其他纤维的协同效果对树脂基摩擦材料性能影响的研究,总结了碳纤维增强树脂基摩擦材料中存在的部分问题。     

油介质摩擦片基体形貌及摩擦特性

本文是对在油介质中使用的特殊编织制动摩擦片的研制工作一部分。通过用扫描电子显微镜对基体形貌观察,选用合适用量的液体丁腈橡胶与酚醛树脂作共混基体,得出在共混基体中,由于树脂连续相中析出的橡胶状粒子,能起到阻止摩擦材料本身界面所产生的应力裂缝和界面裂纹的扩展,能延缓断裂破坏过程,延长产品使用寿命。并探讨了特殊编织制动摩擦片在不同润滑油介质下的摩擦特性影响。     

材料磨损性能测试研究

通过对摩擦材料磨损性能的试验研究,获得了大量的试验数据,为坡缕石粉末及钛酸钾晶须表面填充改性编织制动带摩擦性能的改善提供了依据.     

PTFE填充铜网复合材料损伤过程研究

为了研究聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）填充铜网复合材料的摩擦磨损性能以及细观损伤机制，使用往复摩擦磨损试验机对其进行全寿命磨损测试，并用扫描电子显微镜、光学显微镜和三维形貌仪对材料摩擦面及磨屑进行表征。结果表明：PTFE填充铜网复合材料全寿命（202 h）磨损过程主要分为磨合、稳定磨损和严重磨损3个阶段；在前20 h磨合阶段，摩擦因数逐渐升高，高载荷下大量的PTFE被挤出导致磨损率较大，同时转移膜生成，失效形式主要为机械剪切力下的剥落。在20~190 h稳定磨损阶段，摩擦因数先降低再升高且波动较大，磨损率趋于稳定，磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损，磨屑由层片状向粉末状转变，材料摩擦面粗糙度逐渐降低且磨损不均匀。通过微观表征，发现铜网编织结点与凸峰处磨损严重，通过受力仿真分析，发现铜网编织结点与凸峰处有应力集中现象，与试验中磨损严重的区域正好相对应，试验与数值模拟相关联。在190~202 h严重磨损阶段，摩擦因数和磨损量进一步升高，材料的耐磨性能与润滑性能急剧下降，最后材料被磨穿失效。     

摩阻材料用亚麻油改性酚醛树脂的试验

为得到高性能的摩阻材料,将苯酚和亚麻油在酸性条件下反应,然后在碱性条件下与甲醛反应合成亚麻油改性酚醛树脂。利用红外光谱分析、热分析、力学性能测试等手段研究亚麻油对酚醛树脂的改性作用,并对亚麻油改性酚醛树脂作基体的摩阻材料的摩擦磨损性能和力学性能进行测试。结果显示,改性树脂的耐热性、粘结性和韧性较未改性的树脂得到了提高。改性树脂的切应力为18.5 MPa,冲击强度为120.2 kJ•m–2,洛氏硬度为111.2 HRR;摩阻材料摩擦性能稳定,从热衰退敏感的250～350 ℃温度变化范围内,摩擦因数仅下降了0.03,仍保持在0.39的水平;温度为200 ℃时,磨损率仅为0.30 cm3•N–1•m–1,冲击强度达780 kJ•m–2,洛氏硬度为113.2 HRR。研究表明亚麻油改性酚醛树脂有望成为高性能摩阻材料的树脂基体。     

A Study of the Static/Kinetic Friction Behavior of PTFE-Based Fabric Composites

Three different polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based fabric composites were prepared. The static/kinetic friction behaviors of these composites under different loads and speeds were studied. A 3D laser microscope and profile measurement apparatus were used for analysis of the morphology and weave structure of the composites, and the contact temperature of these composites under different loads and speeds was monitored continuously using a high-precision thermal resistor. In addition, a dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) apparatus was used to explore the thermal and mechanical properties of PTFE-based fabric composites. The results demonstrated that speed/load, weave structure, and fiber form have an important influence on static and kinetic friction behavior of the fabric composites. Generally, the static friction coefficient is greater than the kinetic friction coefficient, except when considering light load conditions. Under light load conditions, the static friction coefficient is equal to the kinetic friction coefficient. In addition, the kinetic friction coefficient first increased and then decreased with increased speed, but the static coefficient increased first and then remained at an almost constant value. At all sliding speeds, the static and kinetic friction coefficients of tape yarn composites are better than those of the multifilament yarn composites. Weave structure has no effect on the static friction coefficient, but it has a significant influence on the kinetic friction coefficient.     

多组分纤维混杂增强树脂基摩擦材料研究

为提高摩擦材料高温下的摩擦磨损性能和摩擦因数的稳定性,利用正交试验法对多种纤维增强酚醛树脂基摩擦材料的配方进行优化设计,并通过极差分析,探讨多种纤维及含量对摩擦材料性能的影响及摩擦材料的磨损机制.研究表明:混杂纤维增强树脂基摩擦材料有着优异的耐磨性.陶瓷纤维硬度较高,开散混料后能够均匀分布在树脂基体内,对酚醛树脂基摩擦...     

Influence of amount and modification of resin on fade and recovery behavior of non-asbestos organic (NAO) friction materials

Phenol formaldehyde resin is one of the most important ingredients in friction materials that binds the other multiple ingredients firmly. The type and amount of resin in the friction material is very critical for structural integrity of the composite. Present work focuses on the influence of resin percentage and modification of straight phenolic resin by cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) on fade and recovery behavior of friction composites developed in the laboratory. These composites were based on variation in amount of CNSL modified resin (10, 12.5, and 15 wt.%) keeping other ingredients same. Fade and recovery studies on these composites were done according to ECE R-90 regulation. The friction coefficient (μ) (all types viz. performance, fade, and recovery), extent of fade and recovery, increase in counterface temperature, wear and mechanical properties were significantly influenced by the variation in amount of resin. It was observed that with increase in amount of resin all types of μ decreased and extent of fade increased. Most of the mechanical properties and wear, however, improved with increase in percentage of resin. Since μ is more important for friction materials rather than wear, it was concluded that 10 wt.% CNSL resin was an optimum amount for best friction performance in severe operating conditions. The performance properties of these composites when compared with similar composites based on unmodified resin in earlier work, it was revealed that the modification of phenolic resin by CNSL deteriorated the fade and recovery performance.     

On the contact of partial rotor rub with experimental observations

Partial rotor rub occurs when an obstacle on the stator of a rotating machinery disturbs the free whirling motion of the rotor, which is more common than full annular rub among the cases of rubbing in rotating machinery. The intermittent contacts and friction during partial rotor rub makes the phenomenon complex. The several nonlinear phenomena of superharmonics, subharmonics, and jump phenomenon are demonstrated for the partial rub using an experimental apparatus in this study. The orbit patterns are also measured experimentally. In order to explain the phenomena of partial rotor rub, the analytical model for the contact between the rotor and stator should be chosen carefully. In this respect, a piecewise-linear model and a rebound model using the coefficient of restitution are investigated on the basis of the experimental observations. Also, Numerical simulations for the two models of contact are done for the various system parameters of clearance, contact stiffness, and friction coefficient. The results show that the piecewise-linear model for partial rotor rub is more plausible to explain the experimental observations.     

CR 200J用树脂基摩擦材料的正交试验及多指标加权优选

为制备CR 200J用高耐磨树脂基摩擦材料,采用正交试验法设计不同含量的减摩组分(鳞片石墨、石油焦)与增摩组分(NFJ高温黏结剂、腰果壳油摩擦粉)的树脂基摩擦材料配方。通过热压成型法制备出样品,在制动压力0.8 MPa和转速3 300、4 200、5 400 r/min下测试试样的平均摩擦因数,并计算试样的体积磨损率、热衰退性能及对偶质量磨损。对试样的平均摩擦因数、体积磨损率、热衰退性能及对偶质量磨损进行极差分析及均一化处理,使用多指标权重优选了综合性能优异的配方。结果表明：鳞片石墨在高转速下对材料的平均摩擦因数起稳定作用及降低材料的热衰退性能,而石油焦在低速制动过程中可稳定材料的平均摩擦因数;NFJ高温黏结剂对材料的各项性能影响不显著,而腰果壳油摩擦粉在高转速下表现出优异的黏弹性,有利于提高材料的平均摩擦因数,降低材料的体积磨损率及对偶质量磨损。使用多指标权重优选得到较好的配方,其中鳞片石墨、石油焦、NFJ高温黏结剂、腰果壳油摩擦粉的质量分数分别为1%、4%、3%、6%。     

Influence of weave structures on the tribological properties of hybrid Kevlar/PTFE fabric composites

The existing research of the woven fabric self-lubricating liner mainly focus on the tribological performance improvements and the service life raised by changing different fiber type combinations, adding additive modification, and performing fiber surface modification. As fabric composites, the weave structures play an important role in the mechanical and tribological performances of the liners. However, hardly any literature is available on the friction and wear behavior of such composites with different weave structures. In this paper, three weave structures (plain, twill 1/3 and satin 8/5) of hybrid Kevlar/PTFE fabric composites are selected and pin-on-flat linear reciprocating wear studies are done on a CETR tester under different pressures and different frequencies. The relationship between the tensile strength and the wear performance are studied. The morphologies of the worn surfaces under the typical test conditions are analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The analysis results show that at 10 MPa, satin 8/5 performs the best in friction-reduction and antiwear performance, and plain is the worst. At 30 MPa, however, the antiwear performance is reversed and satin 8/5 does not even complete the 2 h wear test at 16 Hz. There is no clear evidence proving that the tensile strength has an influence on the wear performance. So the different tribological performance of the three weave structures of fabric composites may be attributed to the different PTFE proportions in the fabric surface and the different wear mechanisms. The fabric composites are divided into three regions: the lubrication region, the reinforced region and the bonding region. The major mechanisms are fatigue wear and the shear effects of the friction force in the lubrication region. In the reinforced region fiber-matrix de-bonding and fiber breakage are involved. The proposed research proposes a regional wear model and further indicates the wear process and the wear mechanism of fabric composites.