三相流化床和两相鼓泡塔内的压强径向分布

利用应变片压力传感器测定了三相流化床和气-液鼓泡塔内压强的径向分布,比较了不同操作条件下床层内不同轴向位置上压强径向分布的特征,初步探讨了体系的流体湍动特性。     

逆流鼓泡塔气含率分布的试验测量与CFD模拟

利用热膜测速仪测得了气液逆流鼓泡塔内不同表观气速、表观液速和径向位置下的气液信号,采用改进的阈值法进行分析,得到塔内气含率的径向分布。结果表明气含率在各个截面上都是从塔中心到塔壁逐渐减小;同时利用计算流体力学方法对气液逆流的鼓泡塔内的气液两相流动进行了模拟,计算了不同气速和不同液速下的气含率,计算结果与试验数据吻合较好。     

三相循环流化床的小型冷模试验研究

三相循环流化床在化学工程、生物工程及废水处理等领域中均有着广泛的应用。试验采用固体取样法测定了反应器内的固含率分布；采用压降发测定了反应器内的气含率分布；采用压强脉动法确定了反应器在试验操作条件下的流型。试验结果表明：在试验考察范围内反应器的压强在轴向上均呈线性分布；固含率沿反应器轴向分布平缓；反应器内气含率随轴向位置的升高而缓慢增大，径向分布基本上是均匀的；气含率受配料浓度影响不大．受表观气速的影响较大；反应器各轴向位置脉动能量的主频范围差异不大。这表明整体上反应器全床均处于比较均匀、脉动较低的过渡流湍动状态。     

鼓泡塔中气泡尺寸分布和局部气含率研究

在内径为0.38 m的鼓泡塔中采用双电导探针法对不同通气速率下的气泡尺寸分布和局部气含率进行了实验研究,分析了气泡尺寸的概率密度分布。结果表明:气泡尺寸随轴向高度的增加而增大,随径向距离增加而减小;鼓泡塔中气液流动可分为过渡流域和充分发展流域,在过渡流域气含率随轴向高度增加而增大,在充分发展流域气含率趋于均值,径向局部气含率分布呈抛物线型下降。高气速下气泡尺寸概率密度分布比低气速下宽,且随轴向高度的增加分布变宽。     

喷射环流反应器的放大效应

实验测量了两种塔径(?200和?500mm)和两种操作模式(气体单独喷射和气液同轴喷射)下喷射环流反应器内的全塔平均气含率、局部气含率及轴向液速径向分布、循环液速,归纳出全塔平均气含率的关联式。实验发现,喷射环流反应器具有十分显著的放大效应。小塔(?200)与大塔(?500)中的全塔平均气含率存在很大差异:小塔的全塔平均气含率～气速关系曲线比大塔陡峭,低气速下小塔气含率低于大塔、较高气速下高于大塔。根据漂移通量法分析得到小塔中流型转变点在表观气速0.1 m·s~(-1)左右,在实验气速范围内只存在拟均匀鼓泡流;大塔中流型转变点在表观气速0.04 m·s~(-1)左右,随气速增大从拟均匀鼓泡流转变为湍动鼓泡流。喷射环流反应器比气升式环流反应器、一般鼓泡塔全塔平均气含率略低,但循环液速更大,适用于强化固体悬浮与混合的气液固三相反应过程。     

一种利用压强脉动信号测取鼓泡床中气含率的新方法

实验测定了不同操作条件下反应器内的压强脉动时序信号. 提出了一种求取鼓泡床中气含率的新方法,即根据压强脉动信号功率谱图上的主频确定小波主尺度,并对该尺度上的细节信号的间歇行为进行了分析;在局部间歇性分析(Local Intermittency Measurement, LIM)曲线上选取合适的阈值后,对不同径向位置上的局部气含率进行估计,进而得到反应器截面上的平均气含率值. 根据本工作的LIM分析方法计算得到的气含率与压降法实测气含率相一致,这也表明反应器内气泡是导致鼓泡流中压强脉动的主要因素.     

气液逆流鼓泡塔中的气含率与液速分布和数值模拟

分别采用线－线电导探针和背靠背式皮托和测定了气液逆流鼓泡塔中局部气含率和液体轴向速度的径向和轴向分布,讨论了操作条件对气含率与液体轴向速度分布的影响,利用双流体模型对塔内两相湍流流动进行了数值模拟。     

高气速下鼓泡塔中气含率分布的测定

在内径476 mm的鼓泡塔内用压差法测定全塔平均气含率与表观气速的关系,进一步利用响应特性良好的双电导探针,考察了不同气速下局部气含率的分布规律。实验结果表明,利用探针法计算得到的全塔平均气含率值与压差法测定值平均误差仅为4.5%,表明探针法测量局部气含率的可靠性良好。实验还表明在高气速下,除分布板影响区外,局部气含率均类似抛物线型分布;随着气速增加,气含率分布趋于陡峭。以实验为依据,拟合了不同气速下(0.05~1.0 m/s)鼓泡塔中局部气含率的关联式,认为塔内局部气含率与径向位置、表观气速和塔径等因素有关。     

基于气泡群相间作用力模型的加压鼓泡塔流体力学模拟

目前,多数文献报道了冷态加压湍动鼓泡塔内流动特征,并且通过实验数据回归相关经验关联式。然而,此类关联式适用范围有限,难以直接外推到工业鼓泡塔反应器条件。因此,在FLUENT平台上建立了基于气泡群相间作用力的、动态二维加压鼓泡塔计算流体力学模型。通过数值模拟考察了操作压力为0.5~2.0 MPa,表观气速为0.20~0.31 m·s^-1,内径0.3 m鼓泡塔内流场特性参数分布,并且与冷态实验数据进行比较。结果表明,采用修正后的气泡群曳力模型、径向力平衡模型以及壁面润滑力模型描述气泡群相间作用力,能够较为准确地反映平均气含率和气含率径向分布随操作压力和表观气速变化的规律。     

基于气泡群相间作用力模型的加压鼓泡塔流体力学模拟

目前,多数文献报道了冷态加压湍动鼓泡塔内流动特征,并且通过实验数据回归相关经验关联式。然而,此类关联式适用范围有限,难以直接外推到工业鼓泡塔反应器条件。因此,在FLUENT平台上建立了基于气泡群相间作用力的、动态二维加压鼓泡塔计算流体力学模型。通过数值模拟考察了操作压力为0.5~2.0 MPa,表观气速为0.20~0.31 m·s~(-1),内径0.3 m鼓泡塔内流场特性参数分布,并且与冷态实验数据进行比较。结果表明,采用修正后的气泡群曳力模型、径向力平衡模型以及壁面润滑力模型描述气泡群相间作用力,能够较为准确地反映平均气含率和气含率径向分布随操作压力和表观气速变化的规律。     

导流筒分布器位置对环隙气升式气固环流反应器流体力学性能的影响

环流反应器的研究绝大多数都局限于气液、气液固系统,涉及气固环流反应器的研究较为稀少,且大多针对气升式气固环流反应器和喷动床。本文研究了一种处理A类粒子的环隙气升式气固环流反应器,考察了操作条件和导流筒分布器位置对床层密度分布、环流速度和质量流率的影响。发现将分布器位置下移后可以有效地改善区域的流化质量、减小滑移区,床层密度沿径向的分布得到了明显改善,颗粒环流质量流率有了明显提高;进气位置以上r/R<0.367的床层得到了良好的流化,但是0.367相似文献   

喷管型气体分布器和颗粒物性对提升管内气固两相流动行为的联合影响

在两套均采用喷管型气体分布器的循环流化床实验装置上分别采用河沙和FCC颗粒系统测试了提升管内的轴向压力梯度分布和局部颗粒浓度,研究了气体分布器结构和颗粒直径及密度对上行气固两相流动行为的共同影响.结果表明,当表观气速小于8.0 m·s-1时,粗重的河沙颗粒在喷管型气体分布器效应逐渐消失的过程中会出现不同程度的减速,而细轻的FCC颗粒在本实验的测试范围内则不存在上述现象.当采用喷管型气体分布器时,粗重的河沙颗粒在加速过程中,不仅其颗粒浓度显著高于FCC,而且其沿径向分布的不均匀程度也明显大于FCC;但在充分发展段,河沙的颗粒浓度不仅比FCC低,而且在径向的分布也更为均匀.     

Distributor effects near the bottom region of turbulent fluidized beds

The distributor plate effects on the hydrodynamic characteristics of turbulent fluidized beds are investigated by obtaining measurements of pressure and radial voidage profiles in a column diameter of 0.29 m with Group A particles using bubble bubble-cap or perforated plate distributors. Distributor pressure drop measurements between the two distributors are compared with the theoretical estimations while the influence of the mass inventory is studied. Comparison is established for the transition velocity from bubbling to turbulent regime, U_c, deduced from the pressure fluctuations in the bed using gauge pressure measurements. The effect of the distributor on the flow structure near the bottom region of the bed is studied using differential and gauge pressure transducers located at different axial positions along the bed. The radial voidage profile in the bed is also measured using optical fiber probes, which provide local measurements of the voidage at different heights above the distributor. The distributor plate has a significant effect on the bed hydrodynamics. Owing to the jetting caused by the perforated plate distributor, earlier onset of the transition to the turbulent fluidization flow regime was observed. Moreover, increased carry over for the perforated plate compared with the bubble caps has been confirmed. The results have highlighted the influence of the distributor plate on the fluidized bed hydrodynamics which has consequences in terms of comparing experimental and simulation results between different distributor plates.     

气液两相单孔鼓泡过程的混沌分析

运用确定性混沌分析技术 ,研究了气液两相单孔鼓泡过程的混沌机理 .结果表明 ,单孔鼓泡过程是由周期及拟周期鼓泡通向混沌的 .鼓泡过程随气体流量增加可分为 3个动力学流区 :周期鼓泡区、混沌鼓泡区及喷射区 .     

Local bubble behavior in three-phase fluidized beds

Bubble behavior, including bubble Sauter diameter, bubble rise velocity, bubble frequency and local gas holdup in different radial and axial positions, was measured using a dual electro-conductivity probe in air-water-glass beads fluidization systems. It has been found that the bubble characteristics differ significantly in various flow regimes, depending on the operating conditions; the radial distribution of bubble parameters also changes from one flow regime to another. Thus, it is necessary to employ local bubble behavior in the modeling of three-phase fluidized beds.     

FORMATION AND FLOW OF GAS BUBBLES IN A PRESSURIZED BUBBLE COLUMN WITH A SINGLE ORIFICE OR NOZZLE GAS DISTRIBUTOR

The characteristics of gas bubbles in a 5 cm diameter bubble column equipped with a single orifice of 1,3 or 5 mm diameter were investigated under system pressure of 0.1-15 MPa. The formation of gas bubbles was strongly affected by the system pressure. Under high pressures a dispersed gas jet was formed at gas velocities where spherical gas bubbles would have been formed at atmospheric pressure. The critical gas velocity between the bubbling regime and the jetting regime was correlated with the liquid phase Weber number and the gas phase Reynolds number based on the gas velocity at the orifice. Bubble size and gas holdup in the main part of the bubble column were also affected by the bubble formation pattern at the distributor     

分布器对鼓泡塔中气泡直径分布的影响

采用电导探针测定了冷态鼓泡塔中不同气速下的气泡直径及气含率的轴向分布,考察了分布板对鼓泡塔操作性能的影响.结果表明:随着开孔率的减小,从均匀鼓泡区到过渡区的转变提前;在均匀鼓泡区,开孔率对气泡直径影响较小;在过渡区,开孔率大的分布器形成的稳定气泡直径较小、气含率较大;分布板开孔直径越大,形成的初始气泡直径越大,但对轴向气泡直径分布的影响仅限于分布器区.包含分布器影响的气泡直径经验关联式为d/D=140.2Bo-0.5Ga-0.12Fr0.099(h/D)-0.15T-0.34(0.5 cm/s＜ug＜7 cm/s).     

EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF GAS FLOWFIELD ON A ROTATING STREAM TRAY

The rotating stream tray is a new type of column tray operating in the spray regime, through which the gas stream rotates. Combinations, performances and applications of the rotating stream tray are introduced briefly. On a 300 mm diameter rotating stream tray, the gas flowfield was investigated with a DANTEC 55X laser Doppler anemometer. The data of velocity distributions in tangential, axial and radial directions on sections at different heights above the tray were obtained. A numerical model for computing the turbulence flow on the tray was also proposed. The predicted results of three-dimensional velocities and pressures were found to be in qualitative agreement with experimental data. The main gas flow features are clarified.     

Characterization of Gas Spouted Beds Using the Rescaled Range Analysis

Differential pressure fluctuation measurements were conducted in a gas spouted bed of 120 mm in diameter at different axial and radial positions. Hurst's rescaled range analysis of the differential pressure fluctuation signals was successfully employed to recognize different flow regimes, i.e. packed bed, stable spouting and unstable spouting, and characterize their transitions. Obvious two‐phase behaviour, as suggested by two Hurst exponents, was observed in the stable spouting regime. It had also been found that the spouting behaviour in deeper spouted beds was significantly different from that in shallow spouted beds. The influences of measurement location and bed height on the Hurst exponents were discussed.     

Comparative Study of Flow Structure in Circulating Fluidized Bed Risers with FCC and Sand Particles

The combined influences of particle properties and nozzle gas distributor design on the axial and radial flow structure in two 100 mm i.d., 15.1 m and 10.5 m long risers with FCC and sand particles were investigated by measuring the axial pressure gradient profiles, and the axial and radial profiles of solids concentration. The results show that the nozzle gas distributor design has significant effects on the axial and radial flow structure for the FCC and sand particles. At lower superficial gas velocity of less than 8.0 m/s, the upward gas‐solid flow of the sand particles decelerates in various degrees with the disappearing of the nozzle gas distributor effect. The upward gas‐solid flow of the FCC particles, however, occurs without noticeable deceleration within the range of this study. In the acceleration section, the radial distributions of the local solids concentration of the FCC particles are more uniform than those of sand particles under the same operating conditions; while in the fully developed zone, the sand particles have a more uniform radial distribution than the FCC particles. The gas‐solid flow is first developed in the center region, and then extends towards the wall. The overall flow development in the riser mainly depends on the local gas‐solid flow in the wall region.