精选案例 归纳实用加固改造方法——《建筑加固改造工程案例分析》推介

建筑物的加固与改造是一个既古老又年轻的课题。引起建筑物可靠度降低的原因是多种多样的,既可能是由于地震．风害、雨雪、洪灾、火灾等不可抗拒的自然因素,也可能是由于设计、施工考虑不当,使用功能改变、设计荷载增加以及使用环境恶劣,如强碱、强酸、高温、长期循环荷载作用等人为原因;还有的是由于建筑物超过设计使用期限及规范改变、可靠度提高等外在原因。这些原因归结起来可分为因结构的强度或刚度不足或二者均不足造成的病害。不同的病害原因,对应着不同的加固手段,只有抽丝剥茧,找准病灶,才能对症下药。     

框剪结构砌块填充墙裂缝成因及预防

目前框剪结构在高层建筑工程中应用广泛,而此类结构的填充墙,使用最多的是加气混凝土砌块。但由于施工工艺、质量管理等原因,使用过程中经常出现墙体开裂、渗漏等质量问题,影响建筑物使用功能和美观。笔者根据多年施工经验,对加气混凝土砌块填充墙裂缝产生的原因及防治措施进行一些总结和研究。     

工程结构裂缝的分析和综合处理方法

裂缝是由多种因素产生的,有施工、设计、使用等方面的原因。作者从大量裂缝的特点及原因分析着手提出综合处理方法,包括设计、建筑材料、施工技术等。     

浅析钢筋混凝土结构裂缝产生原因及预防对策

钢筋混凝土梁出现裂缝的原因很复杂,主要有材料、气候因素、施工不当、设计和施工错误、改变使用功能或使用不合理等.根据多年的建筑工程监督管理经验,浅析钢筋混凝土结构裂缝产生的原因及预防措施.     

双层屋顶设计与雨水利用

屋顶渗漏是困扰房屋使用的一个难题,漏水的屋顶使整个建筑的使用功能下降,寿命缩短,居住环境恶化。造成屋顶渗漏的原因很多,既有设计、施工方面的原因,也有防水材料、防水层老化、混凝土空隙等方面的原因。目前,屋顶渗     

坡屋面渗漏原因分析及改进措施

结合多年坡屋面施工经验,分析造成钢筋混凝土坡屋面渗漏的原因,提出结构本身、施工管理、材料使用等方面的原因,并根据原因提出技术改进措施.     

浅谈塔式起重机事故成因

介绍塔式起重机事故发生的原因,有设计制造、塔机基础制作、安装拆卸、钢丝绳的使用、安全限制器的使用等多方面的因素。     

浅谈多层砖混结构住宅裂缝与控制措施

对住宅质量调查表明裂缝质量缺陷的成因,归纳起来有4个方面原因:即结构设计的原因、施工的原因、材料性质的原因及使用环境的原因。分析了多层砖混结构的裂缝原因并从结构设计、工程施工和材料选择等方面,提出了有效控制措施。     

现浇钢筋混凝土楼板裂缝的成因及防治

钢筋混凝土现浇楼板裂缝产生的原因是多方面的。其中包括组成材料、设计、施工、环境和使用等方面的原因。     

建筑外墙渗漏原因及预防

本文从建筑外墙材料的使用、外墙设计、施工及使用等方面分析外墙渗漏的原因,提出了预防外墙渗漏的措施与方法。     

An approach to investigate and remedy thermal-comfort problems in buildings

Creating suitable thermal conditions for satisfying human desires for thermal-comfort has been recognized to be an essential requirement of the indoor environment. Undesirable thermal conditions can lead to occupant dissatisfaction which, in turn, has an adverse effect on their productivity, performance. Therefore, it is essential that thermal-comfort problems in buildings be given serious, urgent consideration when they arise. In most modern buildings, thermal-comfort is achieved through complex HVAC systems, raising the possibility of the occurrence of thermal-comfort problems during the day-to-day operations of the building. Thermal-comfort problems are diverse, can be difficult to identify and solve since they can be caused by one or more factors, including malfunctioning of the HVAC system, alteration of building operational and physical characteristics and occupant behavior and interference. In order to deal efficiently with thermal-comfort problems in buildings, a systematic approach is needed. The objective of this paper is to introduce an approach through which thermal-comfort problems can be assessed, identified, treated in a systematic way without utilizing unnecessary resources or time. The approach can be helpful to buildings’ operators, facility managers when dealing with thermal-comfort problems.     

Bringing planning back into the picture – How can supply chain planning aid in dealing with supply chain-related problems in construction?

There are several supply chain-related problems facing the construction industry, such as poor construction site logistics, lack of communication and trust. These problems can jeopardize construction projects through delays and cost overruns. Supply chain planning, a part of supply chain management (SCM), can be used as a tool to deal with these problems. The purpose of this paper is to study how linkages between common supply chain-related problems in construction can be illustrated and to demonstrate how they could be resolved through supply chain planning. Firstly, we identify how the linkages between common problems can be illustrated, and secondly the role of supply chain planning in resolving these problems. A conceptual model is developed that was verified using three cases with Swedish gypsum and kitchen supply chains. The model is shown to be useful in illustrating how supply chain problems occurring at executional level on-site are related to problems originating in lack of planning at company/pre-construction level. The study thus demonstrates how supply chain planning can aid in resolving supply chain problems. The paper contributes by bringing planning back into the picture and by showing how supply chain planning can help to adopt SCM in construction.     

The optimization of architectural shape based on Genetic Algorithm

Genetic Algorithm (GA) is widely adopted in optimization and the improvement of its optimization performance is attracting many researchers’ attentions. In solving practical problems in the process of architectural design, the ways of converting design problems into mathematical models that can be addressed by GA are of great significance in achieving final optimal results. However, no such rule that can be applied to such conversion has been developed so far. In general, problems which can be addressed by GA can be divided into combinatorial problems and numerical problems. In this paper, by means of attempting to disintegrate a complicated architectural problem into combinatorial and numerical problems, the author discusses feasibility and practicality of solving these two types of problems simultaneously utilizing GA and discloses both advantages and disadvantages of GA by comparing with other algorithms.     

铝合金门窗节点设计中的几个常见问题

作者根据多年的铝合金门窗设计经验,提出铝合金门窗节点设计中应注意的几个常见问题,希望这些问题能引起业内人士的重视,在设计和使用中避免类似问题的再次出现,以提高铝合金门窗的各项性能。     

树立安全生产意识创建安全文明工地

就施工企业如何进一步提高安全生产重要性认识，创建安全文明工地，从创建安全文明工地认识上存在的问题、创建的前提和基础、应采取的措施等方面进行了阐述。指出施工企业只有进一步强化企业生产的意识，建立、健全安全生产管理制度，才能创建一流的安全文明工地，有效杜绝意外事故的发生。     

城市规划设计中的问题蕴含系统及其表达方式

城市规划设计问题是一个具有复杂因素的系统,进行详细而具体的分析可以更有效率地编制方案。利用可拓学的问题蕴含系统来对城市规划设计中的问题进行逻辑性的体系分析是实现规划问题具体化的一种手段。运用问题蕴含系统的问题相关树展开论述,致力于实现城市规划问题蕴含系统分析模型的建构,推动城市规划领域计算机辅助设计的人工智能研究进程。     

房屋建筑节能中存在的问题及节能施工技术的应用

我国目前的房屋建筑节能现状仍然存在一些有待改进的问题,这些问题严重制约了我国建筑行业的发展。因此,对房屋建筑现有的节能问题进行分析,并采取相应的节能施工技术将问题解决是不容忽视的。     

Computers and Decision Making

Historically, computers have been most useful as decision aids when applied to well-structured problems. Since many of the problems planners confront may be more accurately classified as semistructured or unstructured—“squishy”—problems, in the past twenty-five years planners' success with the use of computers has been spotty. Much has changed during those years, however, and many of the difficulties experienced by planners can be avoided now. This article reviews the many different, though often interrelated, lines of advance that have resulted in application of computer-based decision aids to a much broader range of problems than previously possible, and that make such aids available and increasingly acceptable to those with little or no computer expertise.     

Housing and development in Freetown,Sierra Leone

This article surveys housing problems in Freetown and argues that the perpetuation of housing problems in Freetown and the failure to implement housing policies cannot be attributed merely to bureaucratic inadequacies and resource limitations. They can only be fully understood by reference to the way the main agents of housing provision, the private market and the state, operate in the specific social and economic conditions of underdeveloped capitalism.     

铁路隧道质量通病及控制措施

在隧道施工中会发生一些质量通病,我们要采取有效的措施来预防和控制质量通病的发生.文章主要介绍隧道工程施工中的通病及控制措施,对隧道施工具有一定的借鉴意义.