机电运输事故在煤矿井下的原因和对策分析

机电运输事故是煤矿井工作开展过程中一种常见的事故类型,机电运输事故的发生不仅会造成经济的损失,甚至会导致工人出现伤亡的情况,机电运输事故具有很强的危害性,因此必须对机电运输事故进行预防。文章深入的分析了机电运输事故出现的原因,增强了对机电运输事故的认识和了解,并提出了预防机电运输事故的具体对策,通过对策的采用,可以有效地减少机电运输事故的出现。     

抓好奥运会后的安全生产

奥运结束后的近一段时间内,我国安全生产事故频发,出现了几起重大的安全生产事故,例如广维化工“8·26”爆炸事故,鑫鑫花炮厂“8·30”爆炸事故,上海浦东新区农药厂农药泄漏事故等,这些事故伤亡人数众多,影响甚大,引起了国人的关注。除此之外,我们还应注意到：奥运结束后,我国危险品运输事故增多,几乎每周都会发生危险品运输事故,甚至一天内发生多起危险品运输事故。     

压缩比失控情况下压缩机的损坏机理分析

本文针对一起压缩机事故,通过热力学原理分析了事故产生的机理,并针对此次事故,提出了往复压缩机操作过程中应该注意的事项,避免事故再次发生。     

基于风险矩阵的煤与瓦斯突出事故救援方案评估方法研究

根据煤与瓦斯突出事故案例,分析了突出事故应急救援优先原则,结合风险矩阵分析原理,设计了煤与瓦斯突出事故救援方案评估方法,并结合事故案例进行了分析与应用,拓展了风险矩阵的应用领域,为事故救援科学化决策提供了方法。     

一起维修入员灼烫事故的分析

介绍一企业转炉系统投产热试过程中热水循环泵维修时发生的蒸汽外泄灼烫事故。详细描述了事故发生的经过,分析了事故发生的直接原因、间接原因和主要原因,提出事故的预防措施。     

浅析化工事故的发生规律及预防对策

针对我国化工生产和使用领域,重特大事故频繁发生,分析了事放原因,探究了化工事故的发生规律,并提出了预防对策,对遏制事故的发生,减少事故造成的损失提供有益参考。     

硫化氢中毒事故的预防措施

本文通过对硫化氢中毒事故的案例分析,提出了硫化氢中毒事故的预防办法,为硫化氢中毒事故的预防、救治提供了理论和技术支持。     

气瓶泄漏和火灾事故的原因分析及应急处置

介绍了气瓶的事故类型,分析了造成气瓶发生事故的主要原因,提出了防范事故发生的对策措施和事故应急处置的原则。     

石化企业事故污水池的设置

从水资源的重要性和防止水体污染出发,说明了设置事故污水池的必要性,通过水体污染防控紧急措施设计导则,对事故污水的组成、收集、事故储存设施的计算方法及影响因素、事故池的设计要点、影响事故储存的各个方面进行分析,从而对事故污水池进行合理设置,节约投资,同时对目前存在的问题与建议进行了说明。     

一起电弧伤人事故的原因分析与对策措施

简要叙述某化工公司发生的一起电弧伤人事故,根据事故现场的勘验和配电柜的检验以及事故相关人员的调查,对事故原因进行了详细分析,指出作业人员违章操作,造成相间短路,是此次事故的直接原因。电气设备存在隐患、电修车间制度执行不严、工作许可程序不严等是造成该事故的间接原因。对事故经验教训和预防措施进行了总结。     

间苯三酚的合成及表征

以三硝基甲苯(TNT)为原料,经过氧化、催化氢化、水解等步骤合成间苯三酚。并通过红外、核磁对它的结构进行了确证。考察了氧化剂以及用量、催化剂用量、溶剂、反应温度等对合成间苯三酚的影响。较佳工艺条件:HNO3-KC lO3为氧化剂,氧化剂用量与TNT用量比为2∶1。水-丙酮为催化氢化溶剂,催化剂用量约为反应物的8%,控制温度在60℃,反应2.5 h。水解pH=3~4,反应16~20 h。总收率达到60%,纯度达到98%。     

Separation of alkanes and alcohols with supercritical fluids. Part II. Influence of process parameters and size of operating range

This paper is the continuation of a previous study on the investigation of the separation of detergent range alkanes and alcohols with supercritical fluids. Specifically this paper presents results on the optimisation of the process parameters for the separation of n-tetradecane and 1-dodecanol with supercritical carbon dioxide and ethane. The optimum operating conditions were determined from the results of a study of the influence of the process parameters, as well as an investigation into the size of the operating range. The results showed that the optimum temperature is a balance between good separation at lower temperatures and better control at higher temperatures. The solvent-to-feed ratio should be kept low (within the range of vapour-continuous operation) as lower solvent-to-feed ratios result in improved separation, as well as lower energy requirements. The use of reflux is necessary for good separation when using carbon dioxide as solvent, but is not required with ethane as solvent. An analysis of the operating range showed that a process using ethane is easier to control. Ethane as solvent is technically superior to carbon dioxide yet, depending on the exact process and location, costs, safety and logistics may favour the use of carbon dioxide.     

微波合成锂皂石的结构与性能及其应用

天然形成的锂皂石资源中国非常稀少，为了满足化妆品、牙膏及特种涂料等行业对锂皂石的大量需求，同时为了解决以往合成锂皂石采用高温高压的高能耗方法的问题，采用微波场作用在常压条件下以水热法合成了锂皂石。经XRD和化学成分分析表明其与天然锂皂石具有极好的吻合性。镁和硅的物质的量比在0.45～0．76，可合成透明性好、纯度高的锂皂石。一般情况下，其阳离子交换容量越大，其粘度也越大。经在牙膏中应用实验表明，合成锂皂石与羧甲基纤维素（CMC）混合后可大大地改善牙膏的膏体性能。     

萃取精馏分离环氧丙烷与甲醇混合物的模拟与优化

使用AspenPlus软件对HPPO法生产环氧丙烷新工艺中环氧丙烷的分离提纯进行了模拟计算,并使用灵敏度分析优化了水作为萃取剂进行萃取精馏的工艺条件。结果表明萃取剂用量在14 kg/h左右,质量回流比为8,萃取剂和原料进料位置分别在第10块和第35块塔板时,分离效果最好。     

Effects of Peeled and Unpeeled Garlic Cloves on the Changes of Drying Rate and Quality

Reducing moisture content as fast as possible, together with minimizing loss of quality, is important to food processing. To reach these objectives, experimental investigations were conducted to examine the effects of both peeled and unpeeled garlic cloves as well as operating parameters such as temperature and superficial velocity on the drying rate and quality of dried product. Peel resistance to moisture diffusion is considerably dominated and yields the longer drying time. Drying at high temperature shows the shrinkage of garlic clove to be lower than that at low temperature, whereas the product color is browner and the sizes of produced pores as revealed by scanning electron microscope are larger. The loss of volatile oil is insignificantly different among low- and high-temperature drying. The peel effect exhibits negative results on the product color, giving lower luminosity than the peeled sample, in particular at low temperature, because of longer drying time.     

食用天然桑椹色素的性质及应用研究

对食用天然桑椹色素的性质进行了研究，该色素对热及光照具有稳定性，桑椹红色色素随溶液ｐＨ值的改变发生颜色变化，变色灵敏，可作酸碱指示剂，对桑椹色素做了应用实验。     

Effects of Peeled and Unpeeled Garlic Cloves on the Changes of Drying Rate and Quality

Reducing moisture content as fast as possible, together with minimizing loss of quality, is important to food processing. To reach these objectives, experimental investigations were conducted to examine the effects of both peeled and unpeeled garlic cloves as well as operating parameters such as temperature and superficial velocity on the drying rate and quality of dried product. Peel resistance to moisture diffusion is considerably dominated and yields the longer drying time. Drying at high temperature shows the shrinkage of garlic clove to be lower than that at low temperature, whereas the product color is browner and the sizes of produced pores as revealed by scanning electron microscope are larger. The loss of volatile oil is insignificantly different among low- and high-temperature drying. The peel effect exhibits negative results on the product color, giving lower luminosity than the peeled sample, in particular at low temperature, because of longer drying time.     

Modelling and simulation of batch and semi-batch emulsion copolymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate

This work deals with modelling of emulsion polymerization processes using batch and semi-batch reactors. Specific attention is paid to copolymerization of the system styrene/butyl acrylate.The main key parameters of the model are identified on the basis of batch experimental data in order to describe the complete sketch of emulsion polymerization. The model is then used to simulate, under several operating conditions, the polymerization rate, the global monomers conversion, the number and weight average molecular weights as well as the particle size distribution and the glass transition temperature. Then, the model is generalized to the use of semi-batch processes and validated for this application.     

国内外氯市场供需状况分析及展望

从国际、国内两方面简析了氯的生产、供需状况 ,及生产与消费结构 ,并展望了氯市场的发展前景。提出氯碱企业需进行结构调整的发展出路     

马来酸双十八酯的合成及宏观动力学

以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂、甲苯为带水剂,以马来酸酐和十八醇为原料合成马来酸双十八酯。考察了原料配比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量和反应时间等因素对反应过程的影响,并测定了动力学数据。通过实验得到了反应工艺条件：n（十八醇）：n（马来酸酐）=2.3：1,对甲苯磺酸用量为马来酸酐和十八醇总质量的0．5％,甲苯用量为马来酸酐和十八醇总质量的96％,反应温度≤130℃、反应时间为4．0h,在该条件下马来酸酐的转化率达到98．76％。合成马来酸单十八酯的反应为二级反应,速率方程中的指前因子为O．655152L／（mol·min）,活化能为17．82kJ／mol。合成马来酸双十八酯的反应为二级反应,速率方程中的指前因子为1．53951×1011L／（mol·min）,活化能为98．05kJ／mol。