新型高氮低镍奥氏体不锈钢的点蚀性能

设计制备了新型高氮低镍奥氏体不锈钢(高氮钢)。采用阳极动电位极化法测量了此钢在不同浓度和不同pH值的NaCl溶液中的点蚀电位,获得了点蚀电位随溶液浓度及pH值变化的关系曲线,并与800H钢进行了对比。用扫描电镜(SEM)对样品表面进行了形貌观察对点腐蚀坑处进行了线扫描,分析了高氮钢耐点蚀的机理。研究表明在不同浓度和pH值的NaCl溶液中,高氮钢的点蚀电位达到1.2V(va SCE)以上,800H钢的点蚀电位在0.3 V(vs SCE)以下。扫描图显示腐蚀区域内高氮钢的点蚀坑稀少且面积较小,800H钢的点蚀坑密集且面积较大。线扫描表明氮在腐蚀坑内的含量略有下降;氮在钝化膜/金属界面富集,形成NH_4~+,并且抑制侵蚀性Cl~-的吸附是提高高氮钢耐蚀性的原因。     

用循环极化曲线研究Al和铝合金的点蚀行为

通过循环极化确定纯Al和Al-7Zn-0.1Sn-0.015Ga (质量分数,%) 合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的自腐蚀电位E_corr、点蚀电位E_pit、点蚀转变电位E_ptp和保护电位E_rp,并通过Al和铝合金在这些特征电位的点蚀形貌研究了它们的点蚀行为及点蚀扩展机理。结果表明：在点蚀电位时开始出现点蚀坑,随着电位升高点蚀坑迅速向横向和纵向扩展直至保护电位;纯Al的点蚀坑为窄而深的方形点蚀形貌,蚀坑内部为粗糙的结晶状结构,且表面出现明显的丝状腐蚀。Al-7Zn-0.1Sn-0.015Ga合金的点蚀形貌为宽而浅的圆形腐蚀坑,蚀坑内部比较光滑,且丝状腐蚀消失。合金元素能明显活化合金,降低点蚀坑深度,改善其腐蚀形貌。     

0Cr13铁素体不锈钢在FeCl_3溶液中的点蚀行为

通过腐蚀浸泡试验、形貌观察、极化曲线等方法,研究了0Cr13铁素体不锈钢在FeCl3溶液中的点蚀行为。结果表明:在6%FeCl_3(质量分数)溶液中,0Cr13不锈钢点蚀过程伴随着明显的全面(均匀)腐蚀,温度升高,点蚀坑数量和深度随之增加,均匀腐蚀加剧;均匀腐蚀引起的试样减薄,造成点蚀形貌失真,无法真实反映点蚀程度;0Cr13不锈钢表面点蚀坑属于开放式点蚀坑,数量虽多,但蚀孔深度相对较小,304L不锈钢表面点蚀坑属于皮下型或底彻型点蚀坑,呈溃疡状特征,具有很强的"深挖动力",破坏能力更强。     

压铸AZ91D镁合金在不同pH值的Na2SO4溶液中的腐蚀行为（英文）

研究压铸AZ91D镁合金在不同pH值的0.1mol/LNa2SO4溶液中的腐蚀行为,利用SEM、FTIR及XRD等手段对压铸AZ91D镁合金在Na2SO4溶液中的腐蚀速率、腐蚀产物形貌和腐蚀产物组分进行定量和定性分析。结果表明:压铸AZ91D镁合金在不同pH值Na2SO4溶液中的腐蚀速率顺序从高到低依次为pH2,pH4,pH7,pH9,pH12,酸性溶液的腐蚀速率大于碱性溶液的腐蚀速率;在Na2SO4溶液中,腐蚀产物主要为Mg(OH)2和MgAl2(SO4)4·22H2O,不同的pH值能改变腐蚀速率和腐蚀产物形貌;氯离子和硫酸根离子有不同的点蚀引发时间。     

Al-Zn-Sn-Ga阳极合金的孔蚀活化钝化机理

采用SEM观察Al-Zn-Sn-Ga合金微观下孔蚀的发展过程。结合电化学相关理论,模拟计算由组织中第二相优先溶解而形成的点蚀孔内pH值与蚀孔深度之间的函数关系;探讨在中性NaCl溶液的腐蚀条件下,自催化效应对该合金蚀孔发展的影响。结果表明,合金的腐蚀孔内pH值随着腐蚀坑深度的增加而急速变大,但在孔蚀深度为0~10^-4 cm数量级时pH值变化却极小,此时合金蚀孔由于Ga汞齐等因素的作用导致阴极反应较快,从而使蚀孔钝化。通过三维形貌仪测得该合金点蚀孔钝化深度约10^-5 cm数量级,表明理论计算与实验现象吻合较好     

新型高氮低镍奥氏体不锈钢点蚀性能研究

设计制备了新型高氮低镍奥氏体不锈钢（高氮钢）。采用阳极动电位极化法测量了此钢在不同浓度和不同pH值的NaCl溶液中的点蚀电位,获得了点蚀电位随溶液浓度及pH值变化的关系曲线,并与800H钢进行了对比。用扫描电镜（SEM）对样品表面进行了形貌观察,对点腐蚀坑处进行了线扫描,分析了高氮钢耐点蚀的机理。研究表明,在不同浓度和pH值的NaCl溶液中,高氮钢的点蚀电位达到1.2 V以上,800H钢的点蚀电位在0.3 V以下。扫描图显示腐蚀区域内,高氮钢的点蚀坑稀少且面积较小,800H钢的点蚀坑密集且面积较大。线扫描表明氮在腐蚀坑内的含量略有下降;氮在钝化膜/金属界面富集,形成NH₄⁺,并且抑制侵蚀性Cl^-的吸附是提高高氮钢耐蚀性的原因。     

不同pH值3.5%NaCl溶液中多种铜合金的选相腐蚀和空蚀行为（英文）

采用扫描开尔文力显微镜(SKPFM)对镍铝青铜(NAB)、高锰铝青铜(MAB)及锰黄铜(MB)中不同相的稳定性进行表征,并对3种铜合金在不同pH值3.5%NaCl溶液中的选相腐蚀及空蚀行为进行研究。结果显示,在酸性溶液(pH 2)中,每种材料中稳定性最差的κ相均发生溶解。在中性溶液(pH 6.8)中,NAB中富Al的κ相未发生腐蚀,而MAB和MB中富Fe的κ相发生溶解。在碱性溶液(pH 12)中,点蚀发生在MAB和MB的κ相以及NAB中的κ_Ⅱ相上。在任一溶液中,耐空蚀性能顺序均为：NAB> MAB> MB。在酸性溶液中,选相腐蚀显著加重空蚀损伤,且腐蚀-空蚀交互作用是导致空蚀的主导因素;在其他溶液中,选相腐蚀较为轻微,3种铜合金均表现出以力学损伤为主导的空蚀损伤机制。     

Fe对ER5356焊丝熔敷金属腐蚀性能影响

选择3.5%NaCl溶液浸泡腐蚀试验方法,采用扫描电镜观察分析腐蚀形貌和Image Pro Plus软件定量统计腐蚀面积率,研究了Fe对ER5356焊丝熔敷金属耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,熔敷金属腐蚀微观形貌呈点蚀特征,点蚀坑在第二相周围萌生,点蚀机理为阳极溶解;随着焊丝中Fe元素含量的增加,熔敷金属点蚀坑面积率呈线性增加。     

压铸镁合金AZ91D在碱性NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

采用电化学方法研究了压铸镁合金AZ91D在碱性NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,并用扫描电镜观察了腐蚀形貌,对腐蚀产物进行了能谱分析.结果表明：在强碱性pH=12的环境下,当Cl-的浓度低于0.1 mol/L时,合金表面可以形成较稳定的钝化膜;随着Cl-浓度的增加,点蚀电位逐渐降低;富Al相的耐蚀性高于基体相,在碱性环境中,腐蚀产物主要为Mg(OH)2和MgO.      

Al-Zn-Sn-Ga合金点蚀行为及扩展机理

通过分析Al-7Zn-0.1Sn-0.015Ga(质量分数,％)合金在3.5％ NaCl溶液中的点蚀形貌及电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究该合金的点蚀行为及扩展机理.结果表明:该合金析出相界面处由于Cl-吸附和微电池的共同作用优先溶解引发点蚀.蚀孔内金属离子浓度增加,Cl-向孔内迁移导致孔内Cl-浓度升高,同时孔内金属离子水解使孔内H+浓度升高,蚀孔迅速纵深发展.随着析出相溶解及孔深增加,腐蚀产物在蚀孔处堆积造成金属离子传质阻力增大,产生浓差极化导致蚀孔底部电位正移,纵向腐蚀速率减慢;回沉积在蚀孔处的Ga和Al形成Ga-Al汞齐,分离氧化膜使铝基体不断溶解,也使腐蚀产物不断脱落,使点蚀坑横向扩展.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.