轴心受压H形截面不锈钢柱抗火性能分析

基于国产奥氏体S30408不锈钢材料,针对轴心受压H形截面不锈钢柱,采用高温稳态分析和瞬态分析两种方法对其抗火性能开展了有限元数值模拟分析,揭示了不锈钢柱高温下受力性能与破坏模式。通过高温稳态分析,给出了不同温度下不锈钢柱的荷载-位移曲线及极限承载力-温度曲线;通过高温瞬态分析,研究了特定火灾升温模式下不锈钢柱表面温度的变化规律,给出了不同荷载比下不锈钢柱的临界温度;并将两种方法的计算结果与《欧洲规范》(EN1993-1-2)的计算结果进行对比分析。在此基础上,分别采用高温稳态分析和瞬态分析方法,对不锈钢柱的抗火性能开展了参数化分析,着重考察了构件初始缺陷、荷载比、截面尺寸以及长细比对高温下极限承载力和临界温度的影响。研究结果表明:构件的长细比和截面尺寸为轴心受压H形截面不锈钢柱高温极限承载力的主要影响因素,荷载比为不锈钢柱临界温度的关键因素,初始缺陷对不锈钢柱的抗火性能影响不明显。     

钢筋混凝土轴心受压柱的抗火设计方法研究

该文以四面受火钢筋混凝土轴心受压柱为研究对象,在利用自编钢筋混凝土温度场有限元分析程序进行大量数值分析计算的基础上,通过引入材料平均强度折减系数的概念,建立了截面材料性能随受火时间变化的规律,从而提出了一种类似常温下钢筋混凝土轴心受压柱设计计算的抗火设计新方法,并编制了相应的分析程序。这种设计方法不直接依赖于具体的温度场分析,仅取决于受火时间的长短,为设计人员的抗火设计工作提供了很大便利。最后,利用大量试验数据与该文提出的方法进行了对比研究。结果表明:该文提出的钢筋混凝土轴心受压柱抗火设计方法是安全而有效的。     

不同截面梁构件的刚度和稳定性优化设计

本文运用有限元分析与优化设计软件JIFEX，对五种常用截面梁结构的尺寸和形状进行了抗剪、抗弯、抗扭的刚度优化设计和在轴力、剪力作用下的结构稳定性优化设计。通过对优化设计的计算结果分析，得到了对工程设计有意义的若干结论。然后通过飞机结构中一种波形梁构件的优化，进一步讨论了波形梁的波数对结构稳定性和刚度的影响。     

火灾后钢筋混凝土受压构件的承载力性能分析

分析了火灾后钢筋混凝土构件的物理力学性能,并讨论了受火后矩形截面轴心受压构件截面承载力计算方法,最后探讨了该计算方法的局限性。     

传递矩阵法分析水塔的稳定性

根据水塔的外形及受力特点,将水塔简化成轴心受压和均匀风载作用下的等截面或变截面受压杆件,并用传递矩阵法进行分析求解。通过求解均布荷载作用下受压杆件的弯曲微分方程,导出了水塔稳定性计算的场传递矩阵和点传递矩阵。然后由总传递矩阵稳定性分析中的特征方程,就可得到水塔的临界力。     

负载下外包钢筋混凝土加固轴心受压钢柱受力性能研究

该文以试验研究、有限元模拟以及理论分析相结合的方法研究了负载下外包钢筋混凝土加固轴心受压钢柱的受力性能以及承载力计算方法。通过试验与有限元模拟分析,研究了轴心受压钢结构构件负载下外包钢筋混凝土加固后的性能,以及初始负载大小、混凝土强度和型钢强度对加固试件极限承载力的影响。研究表明,外包钢筋混凝土可以显著提高原钢构件的承载能力和刚度;加固后试件的极限承载力随着初始负载的增大而降低;随着型钢强度的提高而增大;混凝土强度是影响加固后试件极限承载力的最主要因素,加固后试件的极限承载力随着混凝土强度的提高而明显增大。根据分析试验数据和有限元分析结果,得到了混凝土强度对加固后试件极限承载力影响的量化结果。同时,通过分析加固时和破坏时构件各部分的应力应变状态,推导出负载下外包钢筋混凝土加固轴心受压钢柱的承载力计算公式,其计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

混凝土轴心受压构件经济截面的选定

介绍了合理选择混凝土轴心受压经济截面尺寸的方法，使构件既满足强度稳定要求，又使构造价最为经济、合理，以及在工程实际中的应用。     

钢管混凝土轴心受压构件的徐变预测模型及其徐变性能分析

为研究混凝土徐变对钢管混凝土轴心受压构件长期受力性能的影响,考虑构件截面内力重分布,建立了钢管混凝土轴心受压构件截面应力和应变以徐变系数为参数的随混凝土龄期变化关系的理论模型,结合已有试验数据和国内外常用12种混凝土徐变预测模型对该模型进行验证,并找到了适用于钢管混凝土轴心受压构件的徐变预测模型--Huo模型;在此基础上,计算并分析了钢管混凝土轴心受压构件混凝土龄期为10000 d的截面应力和应变;通过对混凝土强度等级、环境年平均相对湿度、初始加载龄期、含钢率、构件长度、截面应力水平等因素的不同取值,分析了各因素对钢管混凝土轴心受压构件徐变性能的影响程度及规律。结果表明:当钢管混凝土轴心受压构件的轴力不大于其极限承载力的60%时,随着加载龄期的增长,钢管截面应力逐渐增大,最大变化量达61.4%,而混凝土截面应力逐渐减小,最大变化量达26.2%;加载初期构件应变增长迅速,1000 d以后应变增长速度减慢,构件最终应变是初始应变的1.61倍;在轴压比相同的条件下,钢管混凝土轴心受压构件的徐变应变终值随着混凝土强度等级的提高而逐渐增大,随着含钢率的增大显著减小,随着初始加载龄期、环境年平均相对湿度、构件长度的增大而逐渐减小,轴压比不大于0.6时,其徐变应变终值随轴压比增长。研究成果可为钢管混凝土轴心受压构件在正常使用阶段徐变计算以及徐变变形控制提供依据。     

配有圆钢管的钢骨混凝土轴心受压柱的试验研究

在配有圆钢管的钢骨混凝土轴心受压柱的试验结果基础上,分析了钢骨对核心混凝土以及外包钢筋混凝土对内芯钢管混凝土的约束作用,导出了正截面受压承载力的理论及计算实用公式,并给出了计算实例。     

高强中空夹层钢管混凝土柱的耐火性能试验研究

针对应用高强钢与超高强混凝土的中空夹层钢管混凝土柱，开展了轴心受压柱的标准耐火试验，得到了不同截面形状、边界条件、涂料厚度、荷载比条件下该柱的耐火极限，提出了表征柱耐火性能的延性指标，探讨了高强柱与普通柱耐火性能的差异。试验结果表明:高强中空夹层钢管混凝土柱的受火时间-位移响应与普通柱相似，受火前期膨胀而后期压缩变形进一步增大达到耐火极限。参数分析表明:相同条件下，应用高强钢的中空夹层柱其耐火极限低于应用普通钢的中空夹层柱，而应用超高强混凝土的中空夹层柱其耐火极限则高于应用普通或高强混凝土的中空夹层柱。此外，该文分别基于欧洲规范4中轴心受压柱和压弯构件的常温承载力计算模型，运用材料高温力学参数，计算了该柱高温屈曲承载力与耐火极限，计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

Effects of Mo on high-temperature strength of fire-resistant steel

A series of Fe–Mo–C steels with Mo addition from 0.1 to 0.8 wt.% have been prepared to study the effects of Mo on high-temperature strength of fire-resistant steel. The high-temperature hardness tests were carried out to investigate the strengthening mechanisms of Mo in fire-resistant steel. The results show that the hardness of Fe–Mo–C steels increases with the increase of Mo content at a given temperature, and the strengthening effect of Mo becomes remarkable when the temperature is on the rise. Theoretical analysis indicates that the solid-solution strengthening of Mo is the dominant high-temperature strengthening mechanism in fire-resistant steel, but this strengthening effect becomes relatively weak when Mo content is more than or equal to 0.5 wt.%. Moreover, the bainite strengthening plays an important role in improving the high-temperature strength of fire-resistant steel. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that the ferrite grain size has less effect on high-temperature strength of fire-resistant steel. The present results also provide fundamentals to design low-cost fire-resistant steels with excellent high-temperature properties and the most reasonable range of Mo addition is 0.2–0.3 wt.%.     

性能化钢结构抗火设计 第十三届全国结构工程学术会议特邀报告

本文论述了火灾对钢结构的危害和钢结构抗火设计的目标与意义。介绍了传统的钢结构抗火设计方法及其存在的问题,指出性能化方法是今后钢结构抗火设计方法的发展趋势。     

房间空调器室外机顶盖板钣金优化设计

合理设计室外机顶盖板的突起筋是提高空调器室外机抗外部踩踏能力的重要手段。本文利用Ansys软件对不同顶盖板设计方案在踩踏情况下的变形情况进行数值模拟,对比分析后确定顶盖板的合理设计方案。将优化方案用于实际试模,试验结果与模拟结果较吻合,证明数值模拟的可靠性。在此基础上,结合模态分析计算,得到不同设计方案的顶盖板的振动模态参数,提出顶盖板设计应该注意的事项。     

Development and study of high-strength low-Mo fire-resistant steel

Microstructures and properties of hot-rolled fire-resistant steels with two Mo addition levels (about 0.15 and 0.3 wt.%) have been investigated. The results show that a low-Mo (about 0.15 wt.%) fire-resistant steel with high strength (ultimate tensile strength: 770.3 MPa, yield strength: 488.7 MPa) and low yield ratio (0.634) has been successfully developed by microalloying Nb, V, and Ti and controlling cooling rate in combination. It is possible to obtain two-thirds of room-temperature yield strength at 600 °C in high-strength low-Mo (about 0.15 wt.%) fire-resistant steel. The analysis indicates that the bainite strengthening and precipitation strengthening are both important in improving the high-temperature strength of fire-resistant steel, and these strengthening effects effectively replace the strengthening effects of Mo. The present results also show that two different components in bainitic microstructure, discontinuous cementites or retained austenite, have similar effects on high-temperature strength of fire-resistant steel.     

Optimum detailed design of reinforced concrete frames using genetic algorithms

This article presents the application of the genetic algorithm to the optimum detailed design of reinforced concrete frames based on Indian Standard specifications. The objective function is the total cost of the frame which includes the cost of concrete, formwork and reinforcing steel for individual members of the frame. In order for the optimum design to be directly constructible without any further modifications, aspects such as available standard reinforcement bar diameters, spacing requirements of reinforcing bars, modular sizes of members, architectural requirements on member sizes and other practical requirements in addition to relevant codal provisions are incorporated into the optimum design model. The produced optimum design satisfies the strength, serviceability, ductility, durability and other constraints related to good design and detailing practice. The detailing of reinforcements in the beam members is carried out as a sub-level optimization problem. This strategy helps to reduce the size of the optimization problem and saves computational time. The proposed method is demonstrated through several example problems and the optimum results obtained are compared with those in the available literature. It is concluded that the proposed optimum design model can be adopted in design offices as it yields rational, reliable, economical, time-saving and practical designs.     

部分组合框架-钢板剪力墙边框柱设计方法研究

该文通过对部分组合框架—薄钢板剪力墙结构的试验,发现其内嵌钢板破坏顺序为初始对角屈服、统一屈服和应变硬化三个阶段。引入部分组合柱后,有效改善了传统钢柱的弯扭失稳破坏模式,部分组合框架柱破坏模式为柱顶和柱底形成塑性铰的强度破坏。基于“强框架、弱墙板”的设计理念,该文根据叠加原理确定了统一屈服阶段和应变硬化阶段部分组合柱内力计算原则,提出了适用于部分组合框架-薄钢板剪力墙框架柱的设计方法。通过有限元验证表明:该设计方法能够有效地预测底层受压柱的破坏模式及其塑性铰出现的位置,能够为合理的钢板墙边框柱设计提供理论依据。     

Dynamic programming in minimum weight design of shells

In designing a structure for a given purpose, the designer should aim at the most economical design from many points of view. Minimum weight designs may not be the most economical ones. Nevertheless, such designs provide insights into other types of design and may pave ways for improvements in design procedures. Minimum weight designs of continuum structures may be formulated as numerical optimization problems using either the finite difference method or the finite element method, and the resulting minimization problem may be solved using techniques of numerical optimization. This paper, on the other hand, considers the formulation of the minimum weight design of a spherical cap as a dynamic programming problem and its solution. The paper also discusses the advantages and limitations of the approach.     

ERRATA

Hybrid designs were created to achieve the same degree of orthogonality as central composite or regular polyhedral designs, to be near-minimum-point, and to be near-rotatable. They resemble central composite designs which have been augmented with at extra variable column. Eight designs are presented covering 3, 4, and 6 variables. All of these are at or within one point of minimum. Characteristics relevant to choice of design are discussed. Efliciencies are compared to central composite or polyhedral designs on n-spheres. A 46 point 7 variable design is also presented which, although it is not near-minimum, is an economical alternative to a 79 point central composite design.     

高强度耐火钢高温冷却后力学性能试验研究EI北大核心CSCD

该文对国产Q460FR、Q420FR、Q345FR等高强度耐火钢进行了200℃~800℃高温过火、自然冷却后的拉伸试验,在获得高强度耐火钢高温冷却后的应力-应变关系曲线和力学性能参数,并与普通结构钢的高温冷却后力学参数进行对比后,给出了屈服强度和抗拉强度变化系数拟合公式。研究表明:国产高强度耐火钢在高温冷却后的屈服强度和抗拉强度均得到提高,弹性模量基本稳定。该文研究的结果可以用来评估耐火钢结构火灾后的承载性能。     

Development and Multiobjective Optimization of Improved Cumene Production Processes

Multiobjective optimization (MOO) has been successfully used to improve the process design and operation, by finding trade-offs among conflicting objectives such as energy, capital cost, and profit. In this work, the cumene process design is modified to decrease the raw materials and product losses and to facilitate better energy integration. Here, two slightly different cumene process designs are presented and evaluated. One process design uses a column to vent off the undesired chemicals, whereas the other uses two flash tanks. Additionally, vapor recompression is applied in both the designs to recover energy. Then, MOO of both modified process designs is carried out to examine two trade-offs: total capital cost (TCC) versus material loss and TCC versus utility cost. For this, an Excel-based MOO program is used; it is based on the elitist nondominated sorting genetic algorithm. The cumene process design with column is found to be superior for the first trade-off, whereas the design with two flash tanks is better for the other trade-off. Further, both the designs are compared based on their cumene production capacities; column design is found to be overall superior. Finally, energy requirements of the developed cumene process designs are compared with those reported in recent studies.