高频超短脉冲激光诱导玻璃内LiNbO3晶体生长

使用聚焦的800nm，120fs，200kHz的高频超短脉冲激光在Li20-Nb20s-SiO2系玻璃内部空间选择性析出了LiNbO3晶体．经一定条件的飞秒激光照射数秒钟后，玻璃内部激光会聚点的发光由原来的白色转变为强的蓝绿色．发光光谱测定表明，所产生韵蓝绿光为飞秒激光的倍频光．显微拉曼光谱测定表明，飞秒激光会聚处析出了LiNbO3晶体。     

飞秒激光玻璃微加工技术

为了研究飞秒激光作用下光学玻璃内部发生的改性过程,利用重复频率为1kHz、中心波长为775am、脉宽为130fs的飞秒激光对光学玻璃进行微加工．结果表明,激光辐照区发生永久性折射率改变,并且玻璃的改性线宽随着激光功率的增加而增加,随激光扫描速度的降低而增加．根据飞秒激光致使光学玻璃发生改性的特点,利用飞秒激光在光学玻璃内部直接刻写了相位光栅和二维图案,研究了相位光栅的衍射特性．     

飞秒激光加工微纳光学器件

光学器件正在向着小型化、集成化以及柔性可变形等方向发展，基于集成微纳光学器件的光学系统以其较低的功耗、快速的响应时间以及高信息容量等优势脱颖而出。然而目前的高精度微纳加工手段如聚焦离子束(focused ion beam,FIB)刻蚀、半导体光刻等工艺复杂，且缺乏灵活性。飞秒激光作为一种非接触、高精度、高脉冲强度的“冷”加工工具在微纳加工方面受到格外青睐。本文首先阐述了飞秒激光加工微纳光学器件的背景及相关机理，然后讨论了提高飞秒激光加工分辨率的各种方法，接着综述了基于飞秒激光的多种先进加工手段，其后总结了近年来飞秒激光加工微透镜、光栅、光波导以及光子晶体方面的代表性研究进展。最后，本文概括了飞秒激光加工微纳光学器件研究领域所面临的挑战以及未来发展方向。     

秒激光双光子微纳加工技术及其在光子学微器件制备中的应用

飞秒激光可以与包括玻璃、陶瓷、半导体、金属、塑料、树脂等各类物质产生相互作用,其相互作用原理不同,加工方法也不同。利用非线性光学效应——双光子吸收的飞秒微纳加工技术是最独特也是最具有应用前景的微纳加工技术。利用显微物镜将飞秒激光聚焦到加工介质时激光光强在焦点处呈三维空间分布,双光子吸收过程仅产生在具有足够激光强度的微小区域,通过控制激光光强可以调节双光子吸收的产生范围,在适当的激光强度时,可以突破光学衍射极限的限制,将双光子吸收过程控制到远小于激光波长甚至纳米尺度范围,从而达到进行纳米加工的目的。飞秒激光双光子微纳加工技术具有真三维、一次成型及高加工分辨率的特点,是三维微纳结构制备的理想工具之一。通过“理论计算-计算机辅助图形设计-微纳激光制造“这样一个简单的流程可以实现制备可设计的复杂三维微细结构,因此在光子学微器件、微机电系统等领域具有巨大的应用前景。最近几年双光子微细加工技术也已成功地应用到功能性光子学器件中。在制备基于光子晶体带隙原理的三维光子元器件及其立体集成方面,飞秒激光双光子方法具有无可比拟的优势。我们研究小组利用碳硅烷树状大分子修饰的激光染料与光聚合制备的光固化树脂,采用双光子聚合微加工技术制...     

溶胶—凝胶法在激光及非线性光功能材料上的应用

综述用溶胶－凝胶法制得的凝胶玻璃以及有机改性硅酸盐（Ｏｒｍｏｓｉｌ）作为光功能基质材料在半导体微晶量子点掺发、极机染料掺杂以及稀土离子掺杂方面的应用，并结合作者近期的工作讨论了其在非线性光学、固态连续可调激光器、固态激光对掸锁模以及激光玻璃方面的应用和发展。     

飞秒激光双光子聚合三维微纳结构加工技术

飞秒激光双光子聚合微纳加工技术作为重要的三维微纳结构制备手段，已成为国际前沿研究热点。该技术利用激光与物质相互作用的双光子非线性吸收效应和阈值效应，可以突破经典光学理论衍射极限，实现纳米尺度的激光加工分辨力，在三维功能性微纳器件制备领域正在发挥着十分重要的作用。本文在介绍飞秒激光双光子聚合三维微纳加工技术的光物理和光化学过程基本原理的基础上，重点回顾人们在改善加工线宽及分辨力、提高加工效率等方面的研究进展与发展概况。该技术所制备的各种微光学器件、集成光学器件、微机电系统以及生物医学器件，不仅充分展示了飞秒激光双光子聚合三维微纳加工技术的高空间分辨力和真三维加工特点，也为其在相关前沿领域的应用提供具有启发性的思路。最后，对该技术实现高精度、高效率、低成本、大面积、多功能的三维微纳结构加工所存在的挑战和未来发展方向，进行了讨论和展望。     

掺Er3+的镉硅酸盐玻璃的光限幅特性

利用调Q纳秒Nd:YAG激光脉冲,使用z扫描技术研究了掺Cd2 重金属硅酸盐基质玻璃及其掺Er3 玻璃的三阶非线性光学特性.发现基质玻璃具有负的三阶非线性折射系数和正的非线性吸收系数,而随着Er3 的掺入,反而具有正的三阶非线性折射系数和非线性吸收系数,属于自聚焦反饱和吸收型的光学介质.光限幅测量表明,掺Er3 玻璃在入射功率密度＞154mW/mm2时,介质的吸收系数逐渐增加,激光透射率逐渐降低,且具有强于基质玻璃的光限幅效应.     

溶胶－凝胶法在激光及非线性光功能材料上的应用

综述用溶胶－凝胶法制得的凝胶玻璃以及有机改性硅酸盐（Ｏｒｍｏｓｉｌ）作为光功能基质材料在半导体微晶量子点掺杂、有机染料掺杂以及稀土离子掺杂方面的应用，并结合作者近期的工作讨论了其在非线性光学、固态连续可调激光器、固态激光对撞锁模以及激光玻璃方面的应用和发展．     

强光致磷酸盐激光玻璃的色心及其ESR研究

研究了磷酸盐激光玻璃在120fs,800nm,1kHz脉冲激光照射下的光致暗化现象并测出了它们的光致暗化阈值。由ESR分析得出，磷酸盐玻璃的光致暗化来源于飞秒激光照射处玻璃因激光照射时的多光子吸收 生的色心。分析了Nd^3 对磷酸盐玻璃的光致暗化的影响并讨论了色心的类型。     

碲酸盐玻璃析晶性能研究

碲酸盐玻璃由于独特的光学性质在光通讯领域具有潜在的应用价值，如掺铒光纤放大器和非线性光学器件，因而得到广泛的关注。近几年，国内外为了提高碲酸盐玻璃的机械性质和光学性能而采取了玻璃的微晶化处理，希望得到碲酸盐玻璃陶瓷。对几种碲酸盐玻璃系统进行了热力学分析，研究比较了其析晶性能，并结合已见报道的文献论证了有望做出玻璃陶瓷的碲酸盐玻璃系统。     

Femtosecond laser synthesis of bimetallic Pt-Au nanoparticles

Bimetallic Pt-Au nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by irradiating the metal precursor solution with high intensity femtosecond laser. The intense optical field created by femtosecond laser pulse induced the production of highly charged ions and molecules due to the optical decomposition of metal precursor molecules. Further collisions with molecules result in subsequent growth of the nuclei and codeposition of Pt and Au atoms on the nuclei to form the larger ones. The method is a simple, easy-to-control and environmentally benign process. The average size and morphology of bimetallic nanoparticles were examined by transmission electron microscope. The compositional distributions of Pt and Au of individual Pt-Au nanoparticles were examined by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).     

Giant and Tunable Optical Nonlinearity in Single‐Crystalline 2D Perovskites due to Excitonic and Plasma Effects

Materials with large optical nonlinearity, especially in the visible spectral region, are in great demand for applications in all‐optical information processing and quantum optics. 2D hybrid Ruddlesden?Popper‐type halide perovskites (RPPs) with tunable ultraviolet‐to‐visible direct bandgaps exhibit large nonlinear optical responses due to the strong excitonic effects present in their multiple quantum wells. Using a microscopic Z‐scan setup with femtosecond laser pulses tunable across the visible spectrum, it is demonstrated that single‐crystalline lead halide RPP nanosheets possess unprecedentedly large nonlinear refraction and absorption coefficients near excitonic resonances. A room‐temperature insulator (exciton)–metal (plasma) Mott transition is found to occur near the exciton resonance of the thinnest qunatum‐well RPPs, boosting the nonlinear response. Owing to the rapidly changing refractive index near resonance, a single RPP crystal can exhibit different nonlinear functionalities across the excitation spectrum. The results suggest that RPPs are efficient nonlinear materials in the visible waveband, indicating their potential use in integrated nonlinear photonic applications such as optical modulation and switching.     

仿生超滑表面的飞秒激光微纳制造及应用

仿猪笼草的超滑表面由于可以抵抗多种液体的粘附,具有优异的稳定性与自修复性,受到越来越广泛的关注.而飞秒激光由于其对加工材料的普适性、高精度,以及高可控性,成为仿生超滑表面制备的有力手段.本文以仿猪笼草的超滑表面为背景,以飞秒激光微加工技术为手段.从超滑表面的飞秒激光微纳制备和应用两个方面,概述了超滑表面的微纳制造和应用...     

Tuned longitudinal surface plasmon resonance and third-order nonlinear optical properties of gold nanorods

In order to elucidate the relationship for third-order nonlinear optical properties of anisotropic metal nanoparticles between the incident laser wavelength and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) wavelength, gold nanorods (GNRs) with a tuned longitudinal SPR mode in frequency were prepared by seed-mediated methods with two different surfactants, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and benzyldimethylammonium chloride (BDAC). The real and imaginary parts of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities χ(3) were examined by near-infrared (800 nm) femtosecond Z-scan and I-scan techniques for various gold sols with SPR wavelengths of 530 nm (spheres), 800 nm (nanorods) and 1000 nm (nanorods), named as 530GNSs, 800GNRs and 1000GNRs, respectively. All the samples showed intrinsically third-order nonlinear optical refractive responses. However, as for the real part of χ(3) for one particle, 800GNRs whose plasmon peak was tuned to the incident laser wavelength exhibited a Reχ(3) value 45 times stronger than 530GNSs. More interestingly, the imaginary part of χ(3) was more greatly influenced at the tuned SPR wavelength. Here we first demonstrate that 800GNRs showed plasmon-enhanced saturable absorption (SA) due to a longitudinal SPR tuned to the incident laser wavelength.     

Femtosecond laser radiation frequency converters for lidar monitoring of the atmosphere

The possibility of using biaxial nonlinear crystals in the optical converters of femtosecond radiation pulses for laser sounding of the atmosphere has been studied. A method of broadband monitoring of the atmosphere composition using the differential optical absorption spectroscopy technique is described. The results of the numerical simulation of the lidar monitoring of gaseous components of the atmosphere using frequency-converted femtosecond laser radiation pulses are presented.     

Parametric down-conversion devices: The coverage of the mid-infrared spectral range by solid-state laser sources

The development of parametric down-conversion devices operating in the mid-infrared, from 3 μm to about 20 μm, based on non-oxide nonlinear optical crystals is reviewed. Such devices, pumped by solid-state laser systems operating in the near-infrared, fill in this spectral gap where no solid-state laser technology exists, on practically all time scales, from continuous-wave to femtosecond regime. The vital element in any frequency-conversion process is the nonlinear optical crystal and this represents one of the major limitations with respect to achieving high energies and average powers in the mid-infrared although the broad spectral tunability seems not to be a problem. Hence, an overview of the available mid-infrared nonlinear optical materials, emphasizing new developments like wide band-gap, engineered (mixed), and quasi-phase-matched crystals, is also included.     

飞秒激光与晶体材料相互作用的研究进展

综述了飞秒激光与各种晶体材料作用的现象,如双光子、多光子非线性吸收致上转换发光现象,各类微结构、色心结构等;阐述了飞秒激光与各种晶体的作用机制及在各方面的应用;展望了飞秒激光与晶体材料作用的应用前景.     

Reverse Saturable Absorption Induced by Phonon‐Assisted Anti‐Stokes Processes

In materials showing reverse saturable absorption (RSA), optical transmittance decreases at intense laser irradiation. One approach to application of these materials is to protect the sensors or human eyes from laser damage. To date, research has mainly concentrated on thin films and suspensions of graphite and its nanostructure (including nanotubes, graphene, and graphene oxides), which are mainly used as an optical limiter for nanosecond laser pulses. Moreover, thin individual pieces of semiconductor usually exhibit increased transmittance due to saturable absorption when the laser energy (E_laser) is higher than the band gap (E_B). Here, it is shown that indirect gap semiconductor WSe₂ exhibits high RSA on exposure to a femtosecond laser under E_laser > E_B near band gap excitation, which is attributed to the longitudinal optical phonon‐assisted anti‐Stokes transition by the annihilation of phonons and the absorption of photons. An optical limiting threshold (≈21.6 mJ cm^?2) lower than those reported for other optical‐limiting materials currently for femtosecond laser at 800 nm is observed.     

A Solution‐Processed Ultrafast Optical Switch Based on a Nanostructured Epsilon‐Near‐Zero Medium

All the optical properties of materials are derived from dielectric function. In spectral region where the dielectric permittivity approaches zero, known as epsilon‐near‐zero (ENZ) region, the propagating light within the material attains a very high phase velocity, and meanwhile the material exhibits strong optical nonlinearity. The interplay between the linear and nonlinear optical response in these materials thus offers unprecedented pathways for all‐optical control and device design. Here the authors demonstrate ultrafast all‐optical modulation based on a typical ENZ material of indium tin oxide (ITO) nanocrystals (NCs), accessed by a wet‐chemistry route. In the ENZ region, the authors find that the optical response in these ITO NCs is associated with a strong nonlinear character, exhibiting sub‐picosecond response time (corresponding to frequencies over 2 THz) and modulation depth up to ≈160%. This large optical nonlinearity benefits from the highly confined geometry in addition to the ENZ enhancement effect of the ITO NCs. Based on these ENZ NCs, the authors successfully demonstrate a fiber optical switch that allows switching of continuous laser wave into femtosecond laser pulses. Combined with facile processibility and tunable optical properties, these solution‐processed ENZ NCs may offer a scalable and printable material solution for dynamic photonic and optoelectronic devices.