利用磷灰石实现硫化矿浮选废水回用的试验评价

出于环境的考虑,越来越多的选矿厂均利用回水以减轻废水对环境的冲击和对水资源的依赖.工业生产经验表明,回水使用量的增加会对浮选带来不利的影响,尤其是对复杂矿化矿的优先浮选.浮选选择性降低的主要原因是溶液中重金属离子对闪锌矿或黄铁矿的意外活化.本文应用微型浮选试验,吸附试验和表面测试研究了利用磷灰石来实现硫化矿浮选废水回用的可行性.试验表明,磷灰石可增强对闪锌矿的抑制而提高浮选的选择性.微型浮选和表面测试表明,磷灰石与闪锌矿竞争吸附溶液中的重金属, 从而降低闪锌矿表面的重金属浓度.     

铅锌硫化矿浮选废水回用的新方法

为实现使用氰化物的铅锌矿浮选废水的回用,试验了一种利用金属沉淀剂去除铅锌矿浮选废水中重金属离子的新方法.试验表明,利用该方法可以从浮选废水中去除对浮选有害的重金属离子,释放出自由氰,从而达到提高浮选选择性、节省氰化物用量的目的.     

铅锌硫化矿浮选废水回用的新方法

为实现使用氰化物的铅锌矿浮选废水的回用,试验了一种利用金属沉淀剂去除铅锌矿浮选废水中重金属离子的新方法.试验表明,利用该方法可以从浮选废水中去除对浮选有害的重金属离子,释放出自由氰,从而达到提高浮选选择性、节省氰化物用量的目的.     

增效剂Tween 80实现磷矿常温浮选机理研究

研究采用非离子型表面活性剂Tween80(简写成Tw80)作为油酸浮选的增效剂,进行了磷灰石—石英人工混合矿分离实验。当Tw80为油酸用量的10％时,在低温(10℃)条件下可提高回收率30％左右,达到常温单独使用油酸浮磷相同的浮选效果。通过对溶液化学和磷灰石表面吸附的研究查明,作为增效剂的Tw80,物理吸附于矿物表面,促进了油酸钙的化学吸附。     

白钨矿捕收剂的温度响应机制研究

为探究不同白钨矿捕收剂对环境温度的响应差异和机制.采用单矿物浮选试验,系统研究了油酸钠和3种羟肟酸浮选白钨矿的温度响应规律,并通过接触角试验、表面张力测量、流变学研究、浊度试验、Zeta电位测试以及吸附量试验,揭示了温度对捕收剂性能影响的内在机制.结果表明：随着浮选温度的降低,所有捕收剂的捕收能力均有所减弱,其中油酸钠受温度影响更为显著.温度降低导致捕收剂表面张力增加、矿浆黏度增大、药剂溶解性变差.这些因素共同作用,使得捕收剂分子与矿粒的碰撞概率下降,药剂在矿粒表面的吸附量减少,最终导致作用于白钨矿颗粒表面的药剂分子数量减少,降低了矿粒表面的疏水性,严重恶化了浮选效果.     

磁浮力场中矿物浮选机理研究

利用Ｘ．Ｐ．Ｓ测定、药剂在矿物表面的吸附量测定,磁浮联合力场中浮选的泡沫特性和浮选动力学研究,讨论了磁浮联合力场中提高矿物浮选效率的机理。结果表明,磁浮联合力场能促进药剂在矿表的吸附,增加矿表疏水性成份的转化,改善泡沫特性,提高浮选速度。     

红假单胞菌在煤系黄铁矿表面吸附量的测定

微生物在黄铁矿表面吸附量的大小，直接影响微生物对黄铁矿的表面改性，决定浮选脱硫效果的优劣．利用红假单胞菌，通过测定吸附前后菌液浓度的变化，对煤系黄铁矿进行吸附量测定试验，重点考察了菌种的浓度、矿浆浓度、pH值等因素对吸附量的影响．研究结果表明，红假单胞菌在黄铁矿表面的吸附量遵守Langmuir等温方程式，吸附量与矿浆浓度成反比，pH值对红假单胞菌吸附量有影响，在中性环境下吸附量最高，在碱性环境下吸附量较小，在酸性环境下吸附量最低．红假单胞菌与黄铁矿的吸附作用中，存在静电引力．     

SF浮选分离萤石与重晶石的作用机理

为了获得具有高度选择性的抑制药剂抑制重晶石浮游以获得优质萤石产品,通过光电子能谱测试分析、红外光谱分析和浮选试验,对抑制剂NAS（Na2SO4水溶液）和HDF（苛性淀粉）与重晶石的作用机理进行了研究,结果表明,NAS对重晶石的抑制作用机理是NAS中的SO^2-4在重晶石表面发生定位吸附,抑制作用具有秀好的选择性;HDF对重晶石的抑制作用机理是HDF分子在重晶石表面发生了化学吸附,当HDF用量大时也会抑制萤石上浮。同时,将NAS和HDF按一定比例混合作为一种新型调整剂,用SDF表示,研究表明,SDF对重晶石的抑制作用是NAS和HDF抑制作用的加和．SDF对重晶石具有很强的抑制作用,且抑制作用具有高度选择性。     

纳米羟基磷灰石的镉离子吸附性能

以硝酸钙、磷酸、氨水为原料,采用共沉淀法合成了纳米羟基磷灰石粉体.以硝酸镉水溶液作为模拟废水,用Visual MINTEQ软件对模拟废水的溶液化学特征进行了计算,主要研究了溶液的初始pH值、反应时间以及镉离子(Cd2+)初始浓度等因素对纳米羟基磷灰石的镉离子吸附量的影响.实验结果表明,纳米羟基磷灰石的镉离子吸附性能在溶液初始pH为4～9的范围内比较稳定,其去除水溶液中镉离子的过程符合准二级动力学模型,并且与朗缪尔等温吸附和弗伦德里希等温吸附均表现出了较高的相关性,反映了纳米羟基磷灰石吸附水溶液中镉离子的反应以离子交换作用为主的特点.纳米羟基磷灰石不仅镉离子吸附容量大,而且初期吸附速率很快,是一种性能良好的环境矿物吸附材料.     

捕收剂CSU-A与黄铜矿作用机理

通过矿物浮选实验、吸附量测试以及红外光谱分析，研究CSU—A与黄铜矿和黄铁矿相互作用的规律．浮选实验结果表明，当CSU—A的质量浓度为6mg／L，溶液pH值为9．0～9．5时，CSU—A对黄铜矿捕收能力强，对黄铁矿捕收能力弱；红外光谱分析结果表明，捕收剂CSU—A与黄铜矿和黄铁矿作用前、后的红外光谱图明显不同，在黄铜矿与药剂作用后出现了6cm^-1的波数位移，而黄铁矿与捕收剂作用前、后的红外光谱图基本上没有变化．由此可以确定，捕收剂CSU—A在黄铜矿表面发生了化学吸附，而在黄铁矿表面仅是简单的物理吸附．捕收剂CSU—A具有选择性的主要原因是在黄铜矿和黄铁矿表面发生吸附的形式不同．     

Physical chemistry mechanisms of CDR system in sulphide mineral flotation

The flotation tests,zeta potential measurements,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) analysis on galena,sphalerite,and pyrite were studied in a collecting-depressing-reactivating(CDR) system.In this system,sulphide minerals were first collected and acti-vated by the collector,and then depressed strongly by Ca(OH)2 in a strong alkaline solution.Finally,they were reactivated by H2SO4.The flotation tests of pure minerals showed that in the Ca(OH)2 depressing process sulphide minerals had similar flotation characteristics because they had already been influenced by the collector.Hence,the flotability differences between them were reduced.However,in the H2SO4 re-activating process considerable differences in the flotability between galena and sphalerite/pyrite were produced.That is to say,galena was relatively easy to be reactivated by H2SO4,but sphalerite and pyrite were not reactivated at pH 11.The zeta potentials of sulfide minerals measured by the Zeta Plus presented irreversible characteristics on the change of pH values.The results of the FTIR spectra analysis indi-cated that the collectors already adsorbed on the mineral surface were removed partially by Ca(OH)2.     

磷矿选矿含锰废水在造气循环水系统中的应用

针对湖北省黄麦岭磷化工有限责任公司磷矿选矿尾水排放锰含量超标的问题,提出将含锰尾水回用于合成氨造气循环水补水的处理方法.采用含锰尾水代替新鲜水补充至含有硫化物、碳酸根以及氢氧根离子的造气循环水系统中;中和沉淀去除锰离子后大部分废水循环利用,少量强制外排至综合废水处理系统处理后达标排放.工程实际运行结果表明：锰离子在合成氨造气循环水处理系统中大部分得以削减,质量浓度由36～41 mg/L下降至3～6 mg/L;强制外排废水再经过合成氨综合废水处理站处理,质量浓度由3～6 mg/L下降至0.5～1.5 mg/L,总去除率达到95％以上,出水水质能够满足达标排放的要求.该工程应用减少了废水中的重金属排放,并对废水进行了综合利用,达到了节约水资源和保护环境的目的,具有节能减排和可持续发展的重要意义.     

从会理锌矿铅锌矿石中分选铜的试验研究

为从会理锌矿含铜的铅锌硫化矿中分选铜,对会理锌矿含铜的铅锌硫化矿进行了系统的工艺矿物学研究和选矿工艺研究．工艺矿物学研究结果表明会理锌矿含铜的铅锌硫化矿中铜矿物以黄铜矿、银黝铜矿-砷黝铜矿、硫锑铜银矿、车轮矿等矿物形式存在,并以黄铜矿为主,其次为银黝铜矿-砷黝铜矿系列矿物．铜矿物嵌布特征复杂,与闪锌矿互相包裹及呈固溶体分离结构较为普遍．铜矿物嵌布粒级较均匀,多集中于＋0．08mm以上粒级中,铜矿物单体解离度相对较好．基于会理锌矿舍铜铅锌硫化矿的矿石特性,采用“铜铅混浮-铜铅分离-再浮锌”浮选工艺,在原矿含铜0．94％、铅0．92％、锌10．60％的情况下,可获得含铜17．76％、铅4．35％、锌12．87％,铜回收率62．89％的铜精矿,含铜2．99％、铅54．52％、锌10．48％,铅回收率50．34％的铅精矿,含铜0．75％、铅1．20％、锌55．86％,锌回收率88．56％的锌精矿,银在铜、铅、锌精矿中的回收率分别为50．93％、2．32％、29．51％,实现了从会理锌矿含铜铅锌硫化矿中分选铜的目标．     

选磷废水的电化学处理及循环利用

简要介绍磷矿浮选废水（尾矿水）进行电化学处理的研究和处理后循环使用的浮选工艺试验及含固废水电化学处理的理论基础、基本模型。结果表明：经电化学处理后的废水达到用水指标;循环使用取得满意效果;电化学处理方法理论基础可靠,是实现工业废水循环利用的有效手段。     

溶液电解硫化表面处理膜的AES和XPS研究

本文对文献[4]提出的溶液电解硫化处理所得到的表面膜,进一步用俄歇(?)谱和 X 射线光电子能谱进行分析,揭示了该膜的表面和深度成分主要为硫化铁。     

钙镁离子对云南磷矿浮选的影响及回水处理

以云南晋宁、安宁和昆阳磷矿为研究对象,在浮选过程中添加钙镁离子,通过回收率、品位的变化研究其对浮选效果的影响.试验结果表明,当加入的钙镁离子达到一定浓度后,对晋宁和安宁磷矿正浮选有不同程度的影响,而对昆阳磷矿单一反浮选影响不大.同时,晋宁和安宁磷矿正浮选尾矿水钙镁离子的测定结果表明,正浮选尾矿水中的钙镁离子浓度为45 mg/L时不足以影响正浮选过程,正浮选尾矿水可直接返回正浮选;当正反浮选废水混合回用,钙镁离子离子浓度超过100 mg/L时,需处理去除.     

An Entrapment Model of Water Flow on Fine Coal Flotation

Effect of entrapment of water flow on fine coal flotation was studied. The relation between constant of water flotation rate and flotation time was investigated and the water recycling model determined. The entrapment model of water flow about the relation between the recovery of fine particle and that of water in concentration was established. Finally, the equation about ash in fine clean coal at any time was derived by introducing a de-ashing coefficient.     

A new synthetic chelating collector for the flotation of oxidized-lead mineral

A new synthetic reagent DPTUHP [diphenyl α-（3-phenylthioureido） hexylpbosphonate] containing a hydrocarbon chain nonpolar group, a thioureido, and a phosphonate easter chelating group, has proven to be an effective collector for the flotation of cerussite mineral. The synthetic method utilized the Mannich-type reaction of an N-monosubstituted thiourea, an aldehyde, and triphenyl phosphate in glacial acetic acid solution. The experimental results of flotation of the cerussite mineral show that the collector has stronger collecting ability and higher selectivity in a neutral and a slightly alkaline medium, especially in the pulp of pH=8. Using the measurements by infrared spectroscopy （IR） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） of the cerussite mineral, the collector, as well as the cerussite treated with the collector, the flotation mechanism of cerussite has been discussed. It is concluded that the adsorption of collector on cerussite is a chemical adsorption through the electron donor atoms of the collector chelating the Pb （ Ⅱ ） of cerussite to form chelate.     

CFD model simulation of bubble surface area flux in flotation column reactor in presence of minerals

Bubble surface area flux(S_b) is one of the main design parameter in flotation column that typically employed to describe the gas dispersion properties, and it has a strong correlation with the flotation rate constant. There is a limited information available in the literature regarding the effect of particle type,density, wettability and concentration on Sb. In this paper, computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulations are performed to study the gas–liquid–solid three-phase flow dynamics in flotation column by employing the Eulerian–Eulerian formulation with k-e turbulence model. The model is developed by writing Fortran subroutine and incorporating then into the commercial CFD code AVL FIRE, v.2014.This paper studies the effects of superficial gas velocities and particle type, density, wettability and concentration on Sband bubble concentration in the flotation column. The model has been validated against published experimental data. It was found that the CFD model was able to predict, where the response variable as indicated by R-Square value of 0.98. These results suggest that the developed CFD model is reasonable to describe the flotation column reactor. From the CFD results, it is also found that Sb decreased with increasing solid concentration and hydrophobicity, but increased with increasing superficial gas velocity. For example, approximately 28% reduction in the surface area flux is observed when coal concentration is increased from 0 to 10%, by volume. While for the same solid concentration and gas flow rate, the bubble surface area flux is approximately increased by 7% in the presences of sphalerite.A possible explanation for this might be that increasing solid concentration and hydrophobicity promotes the bubble coalescence rate leading to the increase in bubble size. Also, it was found that the bubble concentration would decrease with addition of hydrophobic particle(i.e., coal). For instance, under the same operating conditions, approximately 23% reduction in the bubble concentration is predicted when the system was working with hydrophobic particles. The results presented are useful for understanding flow dynamics of three-phase system and provide a basis for further development of CFD model for flotation column.